Effect of Carbon Sources on Bio-film Cultivation and Its Nitrification-denitrification Performance

The safety and efficacy of a drug is based on its metabolism or metabolite formed. The metabolism of drugs can be studied by different in vitro models, among which microbial model became popular. In the present study, eight microbes were screened for their ability to metabolize phenobarbital in a manner comparable to humans with a model to develop alternative systems to study human drug metabolism. Among the different microbes screened, a filamentous fungi Rhizopus stolonifer metabolized phenobarbital to its metabolite which is used for further pharmacological and toxicological studies. The transformation of phenobarbital was identified by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Interestingly, Rhizopus stolonifer sample showed an extra metabolite peak at 3.11min. compared to its controls. The influence of different carbon sources in media used for growth of fungus, on metabolite production was studied, to find its effect in production of metabolite as the carbon source may influence the growth of the cell.

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Pyridine Degradation by Suspensions and Biofilms of Achromobacter pulmonis PNOS and Burkholderia dolosa BOS Strains Isolated from Activated Sludge of Sewage Treatment Plants

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-2-86-98 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 86-98

Author(s):

A.A. Sergeeva ◽

G.V. Ovechkina ◽

A.Yu. Maksimov

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Local Treatment ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Mining Institute ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Federal Research ◽

Registration Number ◽

Treatment Facilities ◽

Pyridine Degradation

Bacterial strains capable of degradation of 0.8-15.8 g/1 pyridine hydrochloride have been isolated from activated sludge of municipal biological treatment plants in Perm (BOS) and local treatment facilities of the LUKOIL-Permnefteorgsintez enterprise (PNOS). The strains were identified as Achromobacter pulmonis and Burkholderia dolosa. The optimal pyridine concentration for the growth of the isolated strains was 4.0 g/1. The pyridine degradation during the A. pulmonis PNOS and B. dolosa BOS cultivation on a medium with ammonium chloride and glucose and without additional nitrogen or carbon sources was studied. It was shown that the strains are able to accumulate biomass in a medium with pyridine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source; the addition of glucose to the medium (1 g/L) accelerated the pyridine degradation by A. pulmonis PNOS, but inhibited the process carried out by B. dolosa BOS. B. dolosa BOS and A. pulmonis PNOS biofilms efficiently utilized pyridine during growth on basalt and carbon fibers; the highest rate of pyridine utilization (1.8 g /(L day)) was observed in A. pulmonis PNOS biofilms on basalt fibers. pyridine, biodegradation, activated sludge, biofilms, Achromobacter pulmonis, Burkholderia dolosa The authors grateful to Dr. I.I. Tchaikovsky, Head of the Laboratory of Geology of Mineral Deposits of the Mining Institute, a branch of the Perm Federal Research Center, for help with electron microscopy of the samples. This work was carried out as part of a state assignment on the topic « Study of the Functional and Species Diversity of Microorganisms Useful for Ecocenoses and Human Practical Activity», registration number R&D AAAA-A19-119112290008-4.

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Influence of Carbon Sources and Amino Acids on in vitro Propagation of Four Citrus Rootstocks

Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.21608/ajas.2016.2068 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 151-164

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Carbon Sources

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Denitrification in a Carbon and Nitrogen Removal System for Leachate Treatment: Performance of a Upflow Sludge Blanket (USB) Reactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0407 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

pp. 145-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Liliana Borzacconi ◽

Gisela Ottonello ◽

Elena Castelló ◽

Heber Pelaez ◽

Augusto Gazzola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Complete System ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

N Removal ◽

Start Up ◽

Aerobic Reactor ◽

C And N ◽

Reactor Operating ◽

Removal System

The performance of a bench scale upflow sludge bed (USB) denitrifying reactor was evaluated in order to integrate it into a C and N removal system for Sanitary Landfill Leachate. The raw leachate used presented COD and NH4-N average values of 30000 mg/l and 1000 mg/l, respectively. The complete system comprises in addition an UASB reactor and a nitrifying RBC. A portion of the aerobic reactor effluent was recycled into the denitrification stage and some raw leachate was also added as an additional C source. In order to obtain operating parameters the denitrifying reactor was operated alone. Sludge from an aerobic reactor (RBC) treating raw leachate was used as inoculum. Shortly after the start up, good granulation of the sludge bed was observed. Using raw leachate and UASB outlet as carbon sources with COD/NO3-N ratios of 4 and 12, respectively, denitrification efficiencies of about 90% were reached. A sludge yield of 0.16 gVSS/gCODremoved was obtained operating with raw leachate. For the anoxic reactor operating in the complete system, denitrification efficiencies of 90% were also achieved. A nitrogen gas recycle was a successful way to avoid frequently observed sludge bed rising problems.

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The comparison of trichloroethylene removal rates by methane- and aromatic-utilizing microorganisms

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0272 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C.-J. Lu ◽

C. M. Lee ◽

M.-S. Chung

Keyword(s):

Cell Concentration ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Batch Reactors ◽

Initial Cell Concentration ◽

Removal Rates ◽

Initial Cell ◽

Toluene Concentration ◽

Cell Source ◽

Removal Efficiencies

The comparison of TCE cometabolic removal by methane, toluene, and phenol utilizers was conducted with a series of batch reactors. Methane, toluene, or phenol enriched microorganisms were used as cell source. The initial cell concentration was about 107 cfu/mL. Methane, toluene, and phenol could be readily biodegraded resulting in the cometabolic removal of TCE. Among the three primary carbon sources studied, the presence of phenol provided the best cometabolic removal of TCE. When the concentration of carbon source was 3 mg-C/L, the initial TCE removal rates initiated by methane, toluene, and phenol utilizers were 1.5, 30, and 100 μg/L-hr, respectively. During the incubation period of 80 hours, TCE removal efficiencies were 26% and 96% with the presence of methane and toluene, respectively. However, it was 100% within 20 hours with the presence of phenol. For phenol utilizers, the initial TCE removal rates were about the same, when the phenol concentrations were 1.35, 2.7, and 4.5 mg/L. However, TCE removal was not proportional to the concentrations of phenol. TCE removal was hindered when the phenol concentration was higher than 4.5 mg/L because of the rapid depletion of dissolved oxygen. The presence of toluene also initiated cometabolic removal of TCE. The presence of toluene at 3 and 5 mg/L resulted in similar TCE removal. The initial TCE removal rate was about 95 μg/L-hr at toluene concentrations of 3 and 5 mg/L compared to 20 μg/L-hr at toluene concentration of 1 mg/L.

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Application of Phenotype Microarray for Profiling Carbon Sources Utilization between Biofilm and Non-Biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical Isolates

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021666200629145217 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 1539-1550

Author(s):

Nur S. Ismail ◽

Suresh K. Subbiah ◽

Niazlin M. Taib

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Anaerobic Respiration ◽

Regulatory System ◽

Negative Control ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Metabolic Profiles ◽

Phenotype Microarray ◽

Diverse Environment ◽

Phenotype Microarrays

Background: This is the fastest work in obtaining the metabolic profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in order to combat the infection diseases which leads to high morbidity and mortality rates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a high versatility of gram-negative bacteria that can undergo aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Capabilities in deploying different carbon sources, energy metabolism and regulatory system, ensure the survival of this microorganism in the diverse environment condition. Determination of differences in carbon sources utilization among biofilm and non-biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa provides a platform in understanding the metabolic activity of the microorganism. Methods: The study was carried out from September 2017 to February 2019. Four archive isolates forming strong and intermediate biofilm and non-biofilms producer were subcultured from archive isolates. ATCC 27853 P. aeruginosa was used as a negative control or non-biofilm producing microorganism. Biofilm formation was confirmed by Crystal Violet Assay (CVA) and Congo Red Agar (CRA). Metabolic profiles of the biofilm and non-biofilms isolates were determined by phenotype microarrays (Biolog Omnilog). Results and Discussion: In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm isolates utilized uridine, L-threonine and L-serine while non-biofilm utilized adenosine, inosine, monomethyl, sorbic acid and succinamic acid. Conclusion: The outcome of this result will be used for future studies to improve detection or inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa biofilm and non-biofilm respectively.

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Evaluation of the growth and sporulation of different entomopathogenic fungi in different liquid and solid media at varied concentrations

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2017.08.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 5459

Author(s):

Chandra Teja K. ◽

Rahman S. J.

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Large Scale ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Culture Media ◽

Virulent Strain ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Nutritional Requirements ◽

Virulent Strains

Entomopathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii are used in biological control of agricultural insect pests. Their specific mode of action makes them an effective alternative to the chemical Insecticides. Virulent strains of Entomopathogenic fungi are effectively formulated and used as bio-insecticides world-wide. Amenable and economical multiplication of a virulent strain in a large scale is important for them to be useful in the field. Culture media plays a major role in the large-scale multiplication of virulent strains of Entomopathogens. Different substrates and media components are being used for this purpose. Yet, each strain differs in its nutritional requirements for the maximum growth and hence it is necessary to standardize the right components and their optimum concentrations in the culture media for a given strain of Entomopathogen. In the current study, three different nitrogen sources and two different carbon sources were tried to standardize the mass multiplication media for seven test isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi. A study was also conducted to determine the ideal grain media for the optimum conidial yields of the test isolates. Yeast extract was found to be the best Nitrogen source for the isolates. The isolates tested, differed in their nutritional requirements and showed variation in the best nitrogen and carbon sources necessary for their growth. Variation was also found in the optimum concentration of both the ingredients for the growth and sporulation of the isolates. In the solid-state fermentation study, rice was found to be the best grain for the growth of most of the fungi followed by barley. The significance of such a study in the development of an effective Myco-insecticide is vital and can be successfully employed in agriculture is discussed.

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