His -234 is an Essential Residue for Populus tomentosa 4 -coumarate: CoA Ligase Enzymatic Mechanisms

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
BaiGuang REN ◽  
D-Feng LI ◽  
CaiXia ZHENG ◽  
Ying GAI ◽  
XiangNing JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tomentosa ◽  
Coa Ligase ◽  
Enzymatic Mechanisms

scholarly journals Crystal Structures of a Populus tomentosa 4-Coumarate:CoA Ligase Shed Light on Its Enzymatic Mechanisms

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 3093-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonglin Hu ◽  
Ying Gai ◽  
Lei Yin ◽  
Xiaoxue Wang ◽  
Chunyan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Populus Tomentosa ◽  
Coumarate:Coa Ligase ◽  
Enzymatic Mechanisms ◽  
Shed Light

Arabidopsis 4-COUMAROYL-COA LIGASE 8 contributes to the biosynthesis of the benzenoid ring of coenzyme Q in peroxisomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (22) ◽  
pp. 3521-3532
Author(s):  
Eric Soubeyrand ◽  
Megan Kelly ◽  
Shea A. Keene ◽  
Ann C. Bernert ◽  
Scott Latimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fluorescent Reporters ◽  
Coa Ligase ◽  
Peroxisomal Targeting

Plants have evolved the ability to derive the benzenoid moiety of the respiratory cofactor and antioxidant, ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), either from the β-oxidative metabolism of p-coumarate or from the peroxidative cleavage of kaempferol. Here, isotopic feeding assays, gene co-expression analysis and reverse genetics identified Arabidopsis 4-COUMARATE-COA LIGASE 8 (4-CL8; At5g38120) as a contributor to the β-oxidation of p-coumarate for ubiquinone biosynthesis. The enzyme is part of the same clade (V) of acyl-activating enzymes than At4g19010, a p-coumarate CoA ligase known to play a central role in the conversion of p-coumarate into 4-hydroxybenzoate. A 4-cl8 T-DNA knockout displayed a 20% decrease in ubiquinone content compared with wild-type plants, while 4-CL8 overexpression boosted ubiquinone content up to 150% of the control level. Similarly, the isotopic enrichment of ubiquinone's ring was decreased by 28% in the 4-cl8 knockout as compared with wild-type controls when Phe-[Ring-13C6] was fed to the plants. This metabolic blockage could be bypassed via the exogenous supply of 4-hydroxybenzoate, the product of p-coumarate β-oxidation. Arabidopsis 4-CL8 displays a canonical peroxisomal targeting sequence type 1, and confocal microscopy experiments using fused fluorescent reporters demonstrated that this enzyme is imported into peroxisomes. Time course feeding assays using Phe-[Ring-13C6] in a series of Arabidopsis single and double knockouts blocked in the β-oxidative metabolism of p-coumarate (4-cl8; at4g19010; at4g19010 × 4-cl8), flavonol biosynthesis (flavanone-3-hydroxylase), or both (at4g19010 × flavanone-3-hydroxylase) indicated that continuous high light treatments (500 µE m−2 s−1; 24 h) markedly stimulated the de novo biosynthesis of ubiquinone independently of kaempferol catabolism.

scholarly journals Protein lysine crotonylation: past, present, perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaoyue Jiang ◽  
Chunxia Li ◽  
Meng Lu ◽  
Kefeng Lu ◽  
Huihui Li
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Histone Proteins ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disease ◽  
Enzymatic Mechanisms ◽  
Substrate Proteins ◽  
Tools And Methods

AbstractLysine crotonylation has been discovered in histone and non-histone proteins and found to be involved in diverse diseases and biological processes, such as neuropsychiatric disease, carcinogenesis, spermatogenesis, tissue injury, and inflammation. The unique carbon–carbon π-bond structure indicates that lysine crotonylation may use distinct regulatory mechanisms from the widely studied other types of lysine acylation. In this review, we discussed the regulation of lysine crotonylation by enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms, the recognition of substrate proteins, the physiological functions of lysine crotonylation and its cross-talk with other types of modification. The tools and methods for prediction and detection of lysine crotonylation were also described.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and epigenomic remodeling occurs during vascular cambium periodicity in Populus tomentosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Huimin Xu ◽  
Yayu Guo ◽  
Paul Grünhofer ◽  
Lukas Schreiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Populus Tomentosa ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Differentially Methylated Region ◽  
Gene Body Methylation ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Global Methylation

AbstractTrees in temperate regions exhibit evident seasonal patterns, which play vital roles in their growth and development. The activity of cambial stem cells is the basis for regulating the quantity and quality of wood, which has received considerable attention. However, the underlying mechanisms of these processes have not been fully elucidated. Here we performed a comprehensive analysis of morphological observations, transcriptome profiles, the DNA methylome, and miRNAs of the cambium in Populus tomentosa during the transition from dormancy to activation. Anatomical analysis showed that the active cambial zone exhibited a significant increase in the width and number of cell layers compared with those of the dormant and reactivating cambium. Furthermore, we found that differentially expressed genes associated with vascular development were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, cell division and expansion, and cell wall biosynthesis. In addition, we identified 235 known miRNAs and 125 novel miRNAs. Differentially expressed miRNAs and target genes showed stronger negative correlations than other miRNA/target pairs. Moreover, global methylation and transcription analysis revealed that CG gene body methylation was positively correlated with gene expression, whereas CHG exhibited the opposite trend in the downstream region. Most importantly, we observed that the number of CHH differentially methylated region (DMR) changes was the greatest during cambium periodicity. Intriguingly, the genes with hypomethylated CHH DMRs in the promoter were involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant–pathogen interactions during vascular cambium development. These findings improve our systems-level understanding of the epigenomic diversity that exists in the annual growth cycle of trees.

scholarly journals Resistance to Growth of Molds for Wood Modified with Hydrophobic Hybrid Silica Gel Containing Copper Amine Complexes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Shaokun Hao ◽  
Chuanshuang Hu ◽  
Xiuyi Lin ◽  
Jin Gu ◽  
Hong Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Populus Tomentosa ◽  
Amine Complexes ◽  
Hybrid Silica ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Copper Amine

Complexation copper with amine provides an effective strategy for fixation copper in wood, while hydrophobic modification improves the dimensional stability of wood. Thus, a combination of complexation and hydrophobization is expected to enhance the efficiency of copper-based biocides. In this study, hydrophobic hybrid silica gel containing copper amine complexes (MACu) was prepared through an in situ sol-gel process in wood using methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), 3-amino-propyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and copper chloride. The resistance to growth of molds for MACu modified wood (Populus tomentosa) was measured according to ASTM D3273-16. A leaching resistance test was carried out in accordance with AWPA E11-16. The results showed that only Aspergillus niger covered the surface of untreated wood blocks and no mold grew on the MACu surface even after the leaching test. MACu xerogel and MACu wood were further characterized by SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XPS. A possible schematic diagram of the reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the high-efficiency anti-mold performance of MACu wood.

scholarly journals The Impact of Microclimate on the Reproductive Phenology of Female Populus tomentosa in a Micro-Scale Urban Green Space in Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3518
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Xing ◽  
Li Dong ◽  
Cecil Konijnendijk ◽  
Peiyao Hao ◽  
Shuxin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Populus Tomentosa ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
The Impact

The spatial variation of poplars’ reproductive phenology in Beijing’s urban area has aggravated the threat of poplar fluff (cotton-like flying seeds) to public health. This research explored the impact of microclimate conditions on the reproductive phenology of female Populus tomentosa in Taoranting Park, a micro-scale green space in Beijing (range <1 km). The observed phenophases covered flowering, fruiting, and seed dispersal, and ENVI-MET was applied to simulate the effect of the microclimate on SGS (start day of the growing season). The results showed that a significant spatial variation in poplar reproductive phenology existed at the research site. The variation was significantly affected by the microclimate factors DMT (daily mean temperature) and DMH (daily mean heat transfer coefficient), with air temperature playing a primary role. Specifically, the phenology of flowering and fruiting phenophases (BBB, BF, FF, FS) was negatively correlated with DMT (−0.983 ≤ r ≤ −0.908, p <0.01) and positively correlated with DMH (0.769 ≤ r ≤ 0.864, p < 0.05). In contrast, DSD (duration of seed dispersal) showed a positive correlation with DMT (r = 0.946, p < 0.01) and a negative correlation with DMH (r = −0.922, p < 0.01). Based on the findings, the increase in air convection with lower air temperature and decrease in microclimate variation in green space can be an effective way to shorten the seed-flying duration to tackle poplar fluff pollution in Beijing’s early spring.

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