13 The Scientific Status of New Security Studies: A Critical Search for Epistemic Identity of Homeland and Civil Security Research

2021 ◽  

Business history has so far examined the ‘security’ of enterprises primarily from the perspective of risk. The contributions in this volume apply the approach of historical security studies to business history and examine cases of dynamic historical negotiations of security since the late 19th century. In line with the assumptions of historical security research, we assume that the meaning of ‘security’ was negotiated in concrete historical situations and therefore cannot be explained solely from businesses’ focus on market risks. Rather, their perception of risk and danger was governed by the historically changing ‘grammar of security’. With contributions by Marcus Böick, Christian Kleinschmidt, Mark Jakob, Sabine Pitteloud, Kristin Stanwick Bårnås, Christian Marx, Ole Sparenberg, Sascha Brünig and Eva Schäffler.


2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Kinsella ◽  
Laura Sjoberg

AbstractIn this article, we focus on the subset of evolutionary theorising self-identified as Feminist Evolutionary Analytic (FEA) within security studies and International Relations. We offer this accounting in four sections. First, we provide a brief overview of the argument that reproductive interests are the ‘origins’ of international violence. Second, we break down the definitions of gender, sex, and sexuality used in evolutionary work in security studies generally and in FEA specifically, demonstrating a lack of complexity in FEA’s accounts of the potential relations among the three and critiquing their essentialist heteronormative assumptions. Third, we argue that FEA’s failure to reflect on the history and context of evolutionary theorising, much less contemporary feminist critiques, facilitates its forwarding of the state and institutions as primarily neutral and corrective bulwarks against male violence. Fourth, we conclude by outlining what is at stake if we fail to correct for this direction in feminist, IR, and security research. We argue that FEA work misrepresents and narrows the potential for understanding and responding to violence, facilitating the continued instrumentalisation of women’s rights, increased government regulation of sexuality, and a more expansive form of militarism.


2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 06016
Author(s):  
Pyatkova Natalya ◽  
Boyarkin Denis

The relevance and significance of energy security problems studies in modern conditions of energy systems operation, during the period of negative trends growth in the energy sector, is undeniable and concerns two main aspects: - the need for long-term, deficit-free provision of consumers with the required types of energy resources during the functioning of the energy sector under normal conditions; - the need to create conditions for providing consumers with energy resources when implementing threats to energy security. Due to the impossibility of conducting full-scale experiments on operating fuel and energy systems, work related to the modeling of these systems, the development of specialized software and tools, the rational organization of a computational experiment to find ways to provide consumers with energy-free supplies when operating in normal contingency conditions. The main result presented in the article is a complex of energy systems models that take into account the intellectual nature of modern systems as much as possible and allow conducting energy security studies of the country and regions at a new qualitative level.


2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane J Baele ◽  
David Lewis ◽  
Anke Hoeffler ◽  
Olivier C Sterck ◽  
Thibaut Slingeneyer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3751
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Baosheng Wang ◽  
Jing Tao ◽  
Enze Wang

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are next-generation intelligent systems that integrate computing, communication, and control. Malicious attacks on CPSs can lead to both property damage and casualties. Therefore, it is worth surveying CPS security by reviewing and analyzing the latest high-quality related works. In this paper, we provide an overview of the CPS security studies from the last five years and select 142 related works from A- or B-level conferences/journals recommended by the China Computer Federation (CCF). First, we review the main contents of the selected papers and classify them into 24 topics. Then, we analyze hotspots and trends of CPS security technologies in three dimensions: (1) architecture layers (perception, network, and application); (2) application scenarios (smart grids, health care, smart transportation, smart homes, and general grids); and (3) MADC (Measure, Attack, Defense, and Control) types. Finally, we also perform a statistical analysis in terms of paper publication times, author institutes, countries, and sponsors to show the current worldwide CPS security research situation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Kateřina Krulišová ◽  
Dagmar Rychnovská

Thinking on war, violence and security has always been associated with concepts of femininity and masculinity. Similarly, wars and political transformations also change the notions of the roles of women and men in society. This article shows how the links between gender identities and threat construction, understanding of aggression, or social sensitivity to different types of victims of violence can be studied academically. It introduces feminist security studies, embeds it in the research of international relations and security, and encourages its development in the Czech academic environment. The article introduces key concepts and methods of studying gender in (international) security, identifies key themes in feminist security research, and explains various approaches and types of questions that can be investigated in this area.


2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Leese ◽  
Kristoffer Lidén ◽  
Blagovesta Nikolova

In this article, we examine the possibility of exercising critique through the mandatory ethical coverage that EU security research projects must be subjected to. Applied ethics, so we argue, speaks to several core issues in the critical security studies agenda, such as turning abstract considerations of critique into forms of tangible cooperation, engaging exoteric communities, and placing normative questions about security within concrete contexts of its imagination and production. Accordingly, it can be seen as a concrete way of putting critique to work. At the same time, however, applied ethics does face considerable challenges that result from its location in the middle of numerous cross-pressures, such as political ambitions, economic interests, technological rationales and the demands of security professionals. These challenges risk turning what was intended to be the critical corrective of applied ethics into a legitimizing function of mere ‘ethics approval’. Drawing on personal experiences as well as debates on critical security studies and ethics, we discuss some of these challenges and discuss the possibility of and conditions for critique within the arena of EU security research.


Author(s):  
K. V. Trachuk

The article represents an attempt to analyze the contemporary theoretical framework of energy security research as part of international relations and foreign policy studies. Neorealism and neoliberalism are the key theoretical schools having the strongest impact on energy security research. Authors inspired by the neorealist approach, including J. Russell, D. Moran and M.Clare, insist on the role of individual state actors that seek to maximize their energy supply or their position as an energy exporter. The key areas of study of the neorealist school include military aspects of energy security and resource nationalism. The neoliberal framework, represented by such scholars as A. Goldthau and J.M.Witte, focuses on the role of institutions, international cooperation and liberal markets. Unlike neorealists, neoliberals believe that global energy markets provide the necessary conditions for the peaceful cooperation of all players. Constructivist approaches represent an interesting alternative to the “neo-neo” debate, but still remain marginal. Although proponents of neorealist and neoliberal frameworks disagree on several key points, a large number of scholars, both in Russia and abroad, prefer a combined approach based on elements on neorealist and neoliberal theories. The combined analytical framework is used by such leading Western researchers as D.Yergin, J. Stanislaw, A.Korin and G.Luft, as well as many Russian scholars, including N.Mironov, S.Zhiznin and Y.Borovsky.


2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Nevena Stanković

One of the key novelties that constructivism introduces to International Relations theories is the term "ideas", as a starting point for understanding, as well as constructing social reality. Because of plenty variations in defining the term "ideas" by different social constructivists, the author in this article aims to analyze Alexander Wendt's approach, with a focus on its significance to security studies. By reviewing Wendt's basic presumptions about idealism, rump materialism (of human nature), material and identity needs, including distinction between materiality and objectivity, the author attempts to make conclusions on possibilities of implementation of these presumptions in researching security phenomena and processes, or, in other words, critically evaluate potential contribution, as well as flaws, for theorizing about security issues. In conclusion, the author suggests that there is undoubtedly significant contribution embedded, primarily, in constitutive versus traditionally dominate causative approach to material factors, especially interests and power, in regard to ideational factors, and measure in which ideas constitute material factors (constituting power by interests, and interests by ideas), as well as claims that ideational constructions can also be real and objective, and emotions such as fear, insecurity and aggression are essential to human nature, result of unfulfilled needs, and eventually, social constructions. Finally, applied to security issues, the most important Wendt's contribution is in the fact that accepting both material and ideational, not just causality, but also constitution, is the best approach for the security research field. Understood in this way, it leads to qualitatively different analyses of the security phenomena and processes, and at the same enables including various variables significant for understanding and, maybe, predicting security dynamics, those that were excluded from the analyses as a result of domination of materialistic approach. Moreover, majority of security phenomena, including risks and threats, and also factors that influence the behavior of security actors and security actions in general, are ideational constructions, which is what makes Wendt's approach vital for dealing with security issues, especially having in mind fact that it opens wide possibilities for practical implementation, potentially leading to new theoretical perspectives in security studies.


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