scholarly journals Marjaʿiyya in the digital era: Renegotiating the relationship between marjaʿ and muqallid in the era of the democratization of knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-50
Author(s):  
Zain Al Husain Moloobhoy ◽  
Amina Inloes
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Political System ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Religious Leadership ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Authority Structure ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Phases

The marjaʿiyya is the dominant religious authority structure among Twelver Shiʿis. This study explores the attitudes of ‘lay Shiʿis’ (non-marjaʿs) towards the institution of the marjaʿiyya outside of the Iranian political system. Rather than assuming that the relationship between authority and follower is one-way, it considers that both the marjaʿ and the follower might negotiate the relationship. It examines ‘lay Shiʿis’ commitment towards following a marjaʿ, regional variation, their understanding of religious leadership, and contemporary concerns regarding the marjaʿiyya. Insofar as the marjaʿiyya has undergone roughly three phases of development, a key point of enquiry in this paper is whether or not the marjaʿiyya is undergoing a fourth phase of development as a result of advances in digital technology, the democratisation of knowledge, and the global Shiʿi diaspora. Data for this paper was collected through surveying Shiʿis worldwide as well as interviewing five prominent marājiʿ in Iraq.

The Chief Rabbi, the London Beth Din and the Battle for Leadership in the ‘Provinces’

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-60
Author(s):  
Hannah Holtschneider
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Religious Politics ◽  
World War ◽  
Religious Leadership ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Authority Structure

Chapter 2 examines the context in which the discussions about religious leadership and the authority of the Chief Rabbi took place in pre-World War I Britain. Centre stage is taken by the Conference of Anglo-Jewish Ministers which at their first two meetings in 1909 and 1911 suggested a radical overhaul of the authority structure of the United Hebrew Congregations of the British Empire, proposing the devolution of religious authority to regional batei din. The death of Hermann Adler in 1911 and the election of Joseph Hertz as his successor as Chief Rabbi in 1913 changed the course of events, and the scheme was dropped from discussions. However, the scheme remained prominent in Salis Daiches’s mind and he pursued it actively in Scotland from 1919 onwards. While his religious politics ran counter to that of Chief Rabbi Hertz, his voice had traction in the communities he served. Though futile in the end, the repeated articulation of a plan of decentralisation of rabbinic authority is a helpful barometer for the mood in Jewish congregations in the early twentieth century whose long-term members were massively outnumbered by recently immigrated co-religionists.

The Dynamics of Egypt’s “Semi-opposition,” 2004–11

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
Mai Mogib Mosad
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Political System ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Relationship

This paper maps the basic opposition groups that influenced the Egyptian political system in the last years of Hosni Mubarak’s rule. It approaches the nature of the relationship between the system and the opposition through use of the concept of “semi-opposition.” An examination and evaluation of the opposition groups shows the extent to which the regime—in order to appear that it was opening the public sphere to the opposition—had channels of communication with the Muslim Brotherhood. The paper also shows the system’s relations with other groups, such as “Kifaya” and “April 6”; it then explains the reasons behind the success of the Muslim Brotherhood at seizing power after the ousting of President Mubarak.

The Relationship between Seeker and Spiritual Guide as portrayed in contemporary Western Sufi Autobiographies

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-332
Author(s):  
Kate Zebiri
Keyword(s):  
Life Writing ◽  
New Age ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Continuity And Discontinuity

This article aims to explore the Shaykh-mur?d (disciple) or teacher-pupil relationship as portrayed in Western Sufi life writing in recent decades, observing elements of continuity and discontinuity with classical Sufism. Additionally, it traces the influence on the texts of certain developments in religiosity in contemporary Western societies, especially New Age understandings of religious authority. Studying these works will provide an insight into the diversity of expressions of contemporary Sufism, while shedding light on a phenomenon which seems to fly in the face of contemporary social and religious trends which deemphasize external authority and promote the authority of the self or individual autonomy.

Aesthetics/Ascetics

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Jeremy Stolow
Keyword(s):  
Popular Religion ◽  
Orthodox Jewish ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
Prayer Books ◽  
American Jewish ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Jewish Intellectuals

This article focuses on the relationship of aesthetics and ascetics with regard to the publication and popular reception of Kosher By Design, a cookbook published by a major American Jewish Orthodox press, ArtScroll Publications. The article analyses the ideological, rhetorical, discursive, and iconographic modes of address embedded within this text, treating them as instances of popular religion, and also as elements of a project in and through which the Orthodox Jewish intellectuals associated with ArtScroll seek to assert new forms of religious authority, in the context of a broader culture of “kosher consumerism,” to which this text is directed. The article ends by highlighting the paradoxical character of this form of “post-scripture,” in which books like Kosher By Design, and by extension other ArtScroll texts—including their popular prayer-books—are caught between competing demands of popularity and authority, art and asceticism, and religious stringency and bourgeois living.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. DeJonge
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Political Resistance ◽  
Clear Sense ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Three Phases

The Introduction begins by noting the frequency and ease with which Bonhoeffer is mentioned in contemporary conversations about political resistance. Nonetheless, it would be difficult to derive from these appeals to Bonhoeffer any clear sense of the legacy of his political resistance. This raises the question: What did Bonhoeffer actually say about political resistance? Noting that Bonhoeffer spoke about political life primarily as a Christian pastor and Lutheran theologian, the Introduction sets forth the task of the book, which is a presentation of Bonhoeffer’s resistance thinking in the broader context of his theology. As summarized in the Introduction, this book presents Bonhoeffer’s resistance thinking chronologically according to three phases of development and systematically according to a sixfold typology of resistance.

scholarly journals Populist radical right parties, welfare policy and population health in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rinaldi ◽  
M P M Bekker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Population Health ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The political system is an important influencing factor for population health but is often neglected in the public health literature. This scoping review uses insights from political science to explore the possible public health consequences of the rise of populist radical right (PRR) parties in Europe, with welfare state policy as a proxy. The aim is to generate hypotheses about the relationship between the PRR, political systems and public health. Methods A literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar resulted in 110 original research articles addressing 1) the relationship between the political system and welfare state policy/population health outcomes or 2) the relationship between PRR parties and welfare state policy/population health outcomes in Europe. Results The influence of political parties on population health seems to be mediated by welfare state policies. Early symptoms point towards possible negative effects of the PRR on public health, by taking a welfare chauvinist position. Despite limited literature, there are preliminary indications that the effect of PRR parties on health and welfare policy depends on vote-seeking or office-seeking strategies and may be mediated by the political system in which they act. Compromises with coalition partners, electoral institutions and the type of healthcare system can either restrain or exacerbate the effects of the PRR policy agenda. EU laws and regulations can to some extent restrict the nativist policy agenda of PRR parties. Conclusions The relationship between the PRR and welfare state policy seems to be mediated by the political system, meaning that the public health consequences will differ by country. Considering the increased popularity of populist parties in Europe and the possibly harmful consequences for public health, there is a need for further research on the link between the PRR and public health.

scholarly journals Social Media Activities and Its Influence on Customer-Brand Relationship: An Empirical Study of Apparel Retailers’ Activity in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-617
Author(s):  
Sukanya Sharma ◽  
Saumya Singh ◽  
Fedric Kujur ◽  
Gairik Das
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Brand Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The Relationship

In this digital era, the internet, and Social Media (SM) has had a radical impact on the shopping behavior of “costumers” The SM provides a platform where “costumers” are exposed to the best product with the best price along with reviews and opinions about the merchandise. So, we can turn our heads and look at a brand in a way as if the brand is speaking to us. This study was an attempt to explore the Social Media Marketing Activities (SMMA) that are being used for the marketing of fashionable products like apparel and to what level the SMMA activities of brands truly strengthen the relationship with customers and motivate purchase intention. Moreover, SMMA has a robust application in developing a marketing strategy for business. It has become a significant tool that collaborates with businesses and people. It is concluded that the “costumer”-brand relationship does have a positive and statistically significant impact on consumers’ purchase intention through SM.

‘A CLASHING OF JURISDICTIONS’: COMMISSIONS OF ASSOCIATION IN RESTORATION CORPORATIONS

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-455
Author(s):  
PAUL D. HALLIDAY
Keyword(s):  
Local Authorities ◽  
Justices Of The Peace ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Phases

According to their charters, borough magistrates were to be independent of county justices of the peace. But between 1664 and 1688, the crown granted commissions of association appointing county justices to act in twenty-one towns. Though such commissions effectively annulled provisions in corporate charters, their use was entirely within the law of franchises by which such charters were granted. Three phases mark the life of these commissions: the mid-1660s, when the gentry – not the crown – prompted their use for their own purposes; the late 1660s to 1670s, when the crown used them to strengthen excise collection; and the 1680s, when they were used to support a more ambitious policy of imposing new charters on the corporations. Their use thus reveals when, how, and why the relationship between royal and local authorities changed, demonstrating the crown's essentially benign posture toward the provinces in the 1660s and 70s, thereby providing a vivid contrast to developments in the 1680s.

Resilient Cyborgs

Extrapolation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-268
Author(s):  
María Ferrández-Sanmiguel
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Trauma Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Critical Space ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
The Relationship

This article reads Pat Cadigan’s Arthur C. Clarke Award-winning novel Synners (1991) from the perspectives of trauma studies and posthumanism to analyze the representation of the cyborged (post)human in cyberspace. My main focus is Cadigan’s depiction of a posttraumatic world whose living conditions invite escape, and how this depiction emphasizes the fact that escape through technological transcendence is not an option, and neither is the rejection of technology altogether. Despite this bleak scenario, the novel leaves some room for optimism in the figuration of a posthuman form of resilience, inspiring reflection about future forms of engagement with technology. As this article attempts to prove, Synners uses the tropes of the cyborg and cyberspace to explore the implications of subjectivity and embodiment within technoscience. In so doing, the novel opens a critical space for interrogation of the relationship between trauma, the posthuman body, and digital technology.

Features of the Professional Direction of University Students in the Era of Digitalization

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
A. Fatyhova ◽  
O. Bakanev ◽  
I. Kohanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Life Meaning ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

In the digital era, the success of the professional development of future specialists in the process of obtaining higher education largely depends on their professional orientation (PN). Despite the significant interest in the subject of the study, the problem of identifying the factors that affect PN remains poorly understood. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors of the formation of PN of students enrolled in training and retraining programs, and the features of PN in the digital era. The article reveals the content and structure of the PN of future specialists in the era of digitalization. According to the results of the empirical research, the relationship of students' PN with indicators of life-meaning orientations, motives for choosing a profession and training was revealed; the relationship between students' life-meaning orientations and indicators of motives for choosing a profession and training at the stage of digitalization of education. The factors influencing the personal condition, and the factors of the formation of the personal condition of students, who are trained according to the programs of training and retraining of specialists, have been determined. As a result of an empirical study, it was concluded that a negative impact on the formation of PN is created by factors caused by various life circumstances, lack of independence of decisions in choosing a profession, low reflection of life goals, prospects for the future, rigidity of volitional and personal qualities, internal conflict in the structure of personality relationships, low pleasure training and the like. At the same time, the level of PN is significantly higher among students who receive a second higher education and who understand its importance at the stage of digitalization of education.

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