scholarly journals Highly Self-Organized Materials: Formation Mechanism and Electrochemical Synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-404
Author(s):  
Diana Portan ◽  
Gabriela Strnad ◽  
Andrei Marian Feier ◽  
Octav Marius Russu
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Self ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature Experiment ◽  
Self Formation ◽  
Composite Self ◽  
Experiment Duration

A class of intensively studied materials with application in areas where complex structures with precise geometry are needed (i.e. electronics), are the self-organized nanomaterials. Polymer, metallic and composite self-organized nanomaterials have been in researchers� attention the last decades. They are not only appealing scientifically, by revealing the intrinsic atomic and molecular interactions that might be difficult to detect otherwise but may also hold the key for the development of novel functional structures and devices. The different mechanisms and forces involved in the self-formation of organized nanostructures are discussed in the present manuscript. Further on, key formation fundamentals involved in the fabrication of self-organized nanostructures are described. Between the known manufacturing methods, the electrochemical synthesis is considered extremely simple and cost effective. On the other hand, it involves a wide range of synthesis parameters (e.g. voltage, electrolyte type, temperature, experiment duration, pH etc.) that may lead to the formation of ingenious structures with complex geometries at different length scales. Finally, some representative scientific investigations are mentioned together with applications of self-organized nanomaterials in different engineering and life areas.

Constructing the digital self in the Global South

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baird Campbell ◽  
Nell Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Special Section ◽  
Global South ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
The Self ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Self Formation

Abstract The papers in this special section examine how people in various contexts of the Global South “construct the self” in online spaces. With examples from Chile, Senegal, and Trinidad, the papers show the wide range of discursive practices, encompassing the textual and the aesthetic, which individuals use to enact gendered and sexual selves online. By privileging gender and sexuality as central components of selfhood, we draw from the longstanding attention paid to gender and sexuality in linguistic studies of identification (see Bucholtz & Hall 2004). In placing this concept within digital worlds, we pay attention to the ways in which daily life is now lived and experienced online. Authors in this issue think critically about practices of self-formation and the performance of gender and sexuality that differ from those that have normalized in the Global North, considering both revolutionary possibility, and re-entrenchment of constraint.

Residents’ experiences of self-build housing

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-166
Author(s):  
Daniël Bossuyt
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mixed Methodology ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Interviews

This chapter is concerned with why people assume the responsibility for building their own home and how they fulfil that role in the context of the Homeruskwartier in Almere in the Netherlands. It considers the rationales and design strategies self-builders employ, as well as how this interacts with the regulatory framework imposed by the municipality. The chapter draws upon a mixed methodology, combining quantitative survey data with in-depth interviews. The chapter concludes that there is a wide range of rationales and strategies employed by self-builders in the Almere Homeruskwartier. While some self-builders employ architects, others opt for using catalogue-builders or DIY. Customization and financial motives are both found to be particularly salient. Rather than delimiting creativity and imagination, residents feel the regulatory framework created a sense of possibility and security. Planners must take into account the multi-dimensional nature of the self-built home when developing form-based codes. Further research on self-organized housing provision should refrain from studying self-building practices in isolation, but engage with its relation to structuring institutional and economic logics.

Molecular Simulation of the Self-Agglomeration of Carbon Nanostructures in Various Chemical Environments

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumik Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Simulation ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Dynamical Process ◽  
Agglomeration Process ◽  
Wide Range

Self-assembly of carbon nanostructures in solutions provides a cost-effective means to synthesize uniform vertically-aligned nanostructures with specific morphologies including shapes such as wires, sheets and spherical particles. In addition to facilitating the synthesis of bulk carbon nanomaterial, a complete understanding of the agglomeration mechanics also provides a means to deposit uniform layers of carbon nanostructures on top of substrates to produce molecularly-tailored composites with specific mechanical properties. Self-assembly is a complex dynamical process that involves the interaction between the nanoparticle precursors, the transport properties of the individual precursor molecules as well as the precursor-solvent interactions. Depending on the chemical nature of the solvent used during the process various nanostructures of varying shapes and morphologies can be synthesized starting from individual buckyballs and nanotubes. However, despite its wide range of applications, there is a lack of understanding of the self-assembly of carbon nanoparticles. Some of the key factors that govern the agglomeration process are the π-π interaction of the aromatic carbon nanostructures and their interaction with the solvent molecules. A predictive model for self-assembly, that relates the above parameters to the morphology, therefore needs to account for the specific molecular interactions. We present molecular simulation results that incorporate the above effects and shows that the nature of association of the nanoparticle precursors determines the shape and size of the agglomerate. Furthermore, our results show the dependency of the agglomerate size on the concentration of precursors as well as the ambient temperature.

A cost effective approach for developing substrate stable TiO2 nanotube arrays with tuned morphology: a comprehensive study on the role of H2O2 and anodization potential

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 5402-5409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibu Joseph ◽  
Pappu Sagayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube Arrays ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Fesem Image ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The figure shows the FESEM image of the self-organized, highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays formed with an anodization potential of 60 V employing 3 vol% of H2O2 in an ethylene glycol electrolyte. The sample exhibited a maximum porosity of 88%.

Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Tonello ◽  
Luca Giacobbi ◽  
Alberto Pettenon ◽  
Alessandro Scuotto ◽  
Massimo Cocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Critical Equilibrium ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Acute Agitation ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

A Comparison of Physiological Demand between Self-Propelled and Motorized Treadmill Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Todd Backes ◽  
Charlene Takacs
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Computer Controlled

There are a wide range of options for individuals to choose from in order to engage in aerobic exercise; from outdoor running to computer controlled and self-propelled treadmills. Recently, self-propelled treadmills have increased in popularity and provide an alternative to a motorized treadmill. Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women) ranging in age from 19-23 with a mean of 20.4 ± 0.8 SD were participants in this study. The subjects visited the laboratory on three occasions. The purpose of the first visit was to familiarize the subject with the self-propelled treadmill (Woodway Curve 3.0). The second visit, subjects were instructed to run on the self-propelled treadmill for 3km at a self-determined pace. Speed data were collected directly from the self-propelled treadmill. The third visit used speed data collected during the self-propelled treadmill run to create an identically paced 3km run for the subjects to perform on a motorized treadmill (COSMED T150). During both the second and third visit, oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) data were collected with COSMED’s Quark cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) metabolic mixing chamber system. The VO2 mean value for the self-propelled treadmill (44.90 ± 1.65 SE ml/kg/min) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (34.38 ± 1.39 SE ml/kg/min). The mean R value for the self-propelled treadmill (0.91 ± 0.01 SE) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (0.86 ± 0.01 SE). Our study demonstrated that a 3km run on a self-propelled treadmill does elicit a greater physiological response than a 3km run at on a standard motorized treadmill. Self-propelled treadmills provide a mode of exercise that offers increased training loads and should be considered as an alternative to motorized treadmills.

Praktiken und Praxis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Thomas Alkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Lived Body ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Discipline Formation ◽  
Material Basis ◽  
Embodied Self ◽  
Self Formation

Two forms or rather perspectives of observations appear alongside practice theories: The first perspective can be called the „theatre perspective“: practice here is observed as a regular, spatiotemporally ordered, socially structured, and therefore recognizable historical form of „practical doings and sayings“, in which participants are understood as mere carriers of practices and their bodies as the raw material for processes of formation. In the other perspective, understood as the perspective of the participants themselves, practices come into view as ongoing, conflictual, and contingent accomplishments, in which participants occur as intelligently collaborating contributors with so called „lived bodies“. These bodies are affectable, sites of experience, and media of a sensitivity that allow an embodied self to orientate itself (with)in a practice. This paper proposes a methodological mediation of both perspectives by taking into account both a sociological analysis of discipline, formation, or adjustment, and the reflexive sensing in action, which can be modeled phenomenologically. Thus, a „lived-body-in-accomplishment“ comes into view that serves the material basis of subjectivation procceses, i. e. the (self-)formation of a constitutionally conditioned (political) agency.

Expressing the Self

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
The Self ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
First Person ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Person Reference ◽  
De Se ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Cultural Pragmatics

This book addresses different linguistic and philosophical aspects of referring to the self in a wide range of languages from different language families, including Amharic, English, French, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Newari (Sino-Tibetan), Polish, Tariana (Arawak), and Thai. In the domain of speaking about oneself, languages use a myriad of expressions that cut across grammatical and semantic categories, as well as a wide variety of constructions. Languages of Southeast and East Asia famously employ a great number of terms for first-person reference to signal honorification. The number and mixed properties of these terms make them debatable candidates for pronounhood, with many grammar-driven classifications opting to classify them with nouns. Some languages make use of egophors or logophors, and many exhibit an interaction between expressing the self and expressing evidentiality qua the epistemic status of information held from the ego perspective. The volume’s focus on expressing the self, however, is not directly motivated by an interest in the grammar or lexicon, but instead stems from philosophical discussions of the special status of thoughts about oneself, known as de se thoughts. It is this interdisciplinary understanding of expressing the self that underlies this volume, comprising philosophy of mind at one end of the spectrum and cross-cultural pragmatics of self-expression at the other. This unprecedented juxtaposition results in a novel method of approaching de se and de se expressions, in which research methods from linguistics and philosophy inform each other. The importance of this interdisciplinary perspective on expressing the self cannot be overemphasized. Crucially, the volume also demonstrates that linguistic research on first-person reference makes a valuable contribution to research on the self tout court, by exploring the ways in which the self is expressed, and thereby adding to the insights gained through philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science.

Charles Olson and American Modernism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Byers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Action ◽  
The Self ◽  
Instrumental Reason ◽  
Charles Olson ◽  
American Modernism ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Poet ◽  
Mark Rothko

The Practice of the Self situates the work of American poet Charles Olson (1910–70) at the centre of the early postwar American avant-garde. It shows Olson to have been one of the major advocates and theorists of American modernism in the late 1940s and early 1950s; a poet who responded fully and variously to the political, ethical, and aesthetic urgencies driving innovation across contemporary American art. Reading Olson’s work alongside that of contemporaries associated with the New York Schools of painting and music (as well as the exiled Frankfurt School), the book draws on Olson’s published and unpublished writings to establish an original account of early postwar American modernism. The development of Olson’s work is seen to illustrate two primary drivers of formal innovation in the period: the evolution of a new model of political action pivoting around the radical individual and, relatedly, a powerful new critique of instrumental reason and the Enlightenment tradition. Drawing on extensive archival research and featuring readings of a wide range of artists—including, prominently, Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko, David Smith, Wolfgang Paalen, and John Cage—The Practice of the Self offers a new reading of a major American poet and an original account of the emergence of postwar American modernism.

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