scholarly journals Pakistan�s Timberline Forest Ecosystem Dynamics vis-a-vis Changing Climate Across Three Provinces (KPK, AJK and GB) Using GIS/RS Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Sarwat Naz Mirza ◽  
Saeed Gulzar ◽  
Mohammad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Classification Technique ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

World`s forests have always been under anthropogenic threats leading to instantaneous and sound supervision using satellite-based data collecting capabilities through GIS/RS. Timber line in Pakistan consists of sub-alpine forests and alpine pastures of KPK, AJK and GB. Research findings showed that earth`s climate was changing rapidly than previously assumed, demanding the spatio-temporal dynamics analysis using GIS/RS techniques in prevalent climate change scenarios. Two separate methods were used; 1) Visual Interpretation of Supervised Classification Technique for AJK & GB and 2) object Oriented Classification of Supervised Classification Technique for KPK. The primary data for T (max), T (min) & Ppt. (1980-2013) was taken from PMD, Islamabad. Province wise data showed 15 % change in forest cover area for timber line in both KPK (142780 Ha) & AJK (24990 Ha), followed by GB (39267 Ha) as13 % across 2005-2014. The results calculated that the average upward shift in timberline was highest in KPK (285 m), followed by AJK (233 m) and GB (170m) across 2005-2014.The data also showed change in avg. T (max) was 3.4�, -1.8� and 0.6� C, avg. T (min) was -2�, -1.5� and -2� C while change in total precipitation was 88.5, -3.7 and 75.5 mm for AJK, GB and KPK respectively. The Pearson`s Correlation Co-efficient chart concluded that climatic factors showed a strong and positive correlation among themselves as well as with change in elevation. However, the correlation among climatic factors and change in forest cover area was weak concluding deforestation to be exclusively an anthropogenic phenomena. Change in elevation showed a weak and negative correlation with change in area while all other correlations were non-significant.

scholarly journals Designing a Validation Protocol for Remote Sensing Based Operational Forest Masks Applications. Comparison of Products Across Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3159
Author(s):  
Angel Fernandez-Carrillo ◽  
Antonio Franco-Nieto ◽  
Erika Pinto-Bañuls ◽  
Miguel Basarte-Mena ◽  
Beatriz Revilla-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Sampling System

The spatial and temporal dynamics of the forest cover can be captured using remote sensing data. Forest masks are a valuable tool to monitor forest characteristics, such as biomass, deforestation, health condition and disturbances. This study was carried out under the umbrella of the EC H2020 MySustainableForest (MSF) project. A key achievement has been the development of supervised classification methods for delineating forest cover. The forest masks presented here are binary forest/non-forest classification maps obtained using Sentinel-2 data for 16 study areas across Europe with different forest types. Performance metrics can be selected to measure accuracy of forest mask. However, large-scale reference datasets are scarce and typically cannot be considered as ground truth. In this study, we implemented a stratified random sampling system and the generation of a reference dataset based on visual interpretation of satellite images. This dataset was used for validation of the forest masks, MSF and two other similar products: HRL by Copernicus and FNF by the DLR. MSF forest masks showed a good performance (OAMSF = 96.3%; DCMSF = 96.5), with high overall accuracy (88.7–99.5%) across all the areas, and omission and commission errors were low and balanced (OEMSF = 2.4%; CEMSF = 4.5%; relBMSF = 2%), while the other products showed on average lower accuracies (OAHRL = 89.2%; OAFNF = 76%). However, for all three products, the Mediterranean areas were challenging to model, where the complexity of forest structure led to relatively high omission errors (OEMSF = 9.5%; OEHRL = 59.5%; OEFNF = 71.4%). Comparing these results with the vision from external local stakeholders highlighted the need of establishing clear large-scale validation datasets and protocols for remote sensing-based forest products. Future research will be done to test the MSF mask in forest types not present in Europe and compare new outputs to available reference datasets.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN LUAS TUTUPAN LAHAN PADA AREAL HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG SIRIMAU KOTA AMBON

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Ian Komul ◽  
Merlin Renny Sitanala
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Annual Increase

The purpose of this research was to determine changes in forest cover of Mount Sirimau Protected Forest in Ambon City which have been analyzed since 1990, 2000, 2006, 2011 and 2015. This research was conducted using analytical methods where satellite imagery of 5 different years in 1990, 2000 and 2006 recording years, 2011 and 2015 were interpreted digitally through supervised classification. After the interpretation, the mapping was carried out using ArGIS to analyze changes in forest cover. It is supported by the data from the Forest Monitoring Center of Ambon Area IX that had been obtained using ArGIS into primary data. The data were analyzed by using the digital analysis method or the maximum opportunity method. The results showed changes in land cover in 2000, 2006 and 2011 from areas of forest become agricultural land and in 2015 the area of agricultural land was changed into settlements areas. The augmentation of non-forest areas (Settlements) along the Toisapu hamlet and Soya villages up to 2015 for residential areas has reached 16,997 Ha with an average annual increase of 70.59 km2.

scholarly journals The shifting landscape of tick-borne zoonoses: tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1411) ◽  
pp. 1045-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Randolph
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
The Baltic

The two major vector-borne diseases of northern temperate regions, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB), show very different epidemiological patterns, but both have increased significantly in incidence since the 1980s. Insight into the temporal dynamics of TBE, gained from statistical analysis of spatial patterns integrated with biological explanation, suggests that the recent increases in TBE cases in Central Europe and the Baltic States may have arisen largely from changes in human behaviour that have brought more people into contact with infected ticks. Under forecast climate change scenarios, it is predicted that enzootic cycles of TBE virus may not survive along the southern edge of their present range, e.g. in Slovenia, Croatia and Hungary, where case numbers are indeed decreasing. New foci, however, are predicted and have been observed in Scandinavia. At the same time, human impact on the landscape, increasing both the habitat and wildlife hosts of ticks, has allowed tick populations to multiply significantly. This probably accounts for a genuine emergence of LB, with its high potential transmission rate, in both the USA and Europe, although the rate of emergence has been exaggerated by improved surveillance and diagnosis.

Semi-Supervised Classification and its Application to Filtering IDS False Positives

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 2309-2312
Author(s):  
Hai Bin Mei ◽  
Ming Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Classification Technique

Alert classifiers built with the supervised classification technique require large amounts of labeled training alerts. Preparing for such training data is very difficult and expensive. Thus accuracy and feasibility of current classifiers are greatly restricted. This paper employs semi-supervised learning to build alert classification model to reduce the number of needed labeled training alerts. Alert context properties are also introduced to improve the classification performance. Experiments have demonstrated the accuracy and feasibility of our approach.

The forest resource of Labrador: Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery provides a unique and current perspective

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Drieman
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Landsat Thematic Mapper ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Colour Composite ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
Forest Cover Types

The need for a current, regional perspective of the forest of Labrador was identified. Mapping of forest cover types, peat-lands, recent burns and clearcut disturbances was accomplished through visual interpretation of 1:1,000,000 scale Landsat Thematic mapper colour composite transparencies and the transfer of interpreted polygons to a geographic information system. The mapping and verification process is described in this paper. The end product, a forest resource map, provides the most up-to-date and detailed information on Labrador's forest cover types and disturbances available on a single map. The digital format of the map facilities area summaries, viewing and printing.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon dynamics following afforestation in the Loess Plateau of China

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 11181-11211 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lu ◽  
J. Liski ◽  
R. Y. Chang ◽  
A. Akujärvi ◽  
X. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Successional Stage

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest terrestrial carbon pool and sensitive to land use and cover change; its dynamics is critical for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. In this study, we combined a modeling approach and field measurements to examine the temporal dynamics of SOC following afforestation of former arable land at six sites under different climatic conditions in the Loess Plateau during 1980–2010. The results showed that the measured mean SOC increased to levels higher than before afforestation when taking the last measurements (i.e., at age 25 to 30 yr), although it decreased in the first few years at the wetter sites. The accumulation rates of SOC were 1.58 to 6.22% yr–1 in the upper 20 cm and 1.62 to 5.15% yr–1 in the upper 40 cm of soil. The simulations reproduced the basic characteristics of measured SOC dynamics, suggesting that litter input and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) were the major causes for SOC dynamics and the differences among the sites. They explained 88–96, 48–86 and 57–74% of the variations in annual SOC changes at the soil depths of 0–20, 0–40, and 0–100 cm, respectively. Notably, the simulated SOC decreased during the first few years at all the sites, although the magnitudes of decreases were small at the drier sites. This suggested that the modeling may be advantageous in capturing SOC changes at finer time scale. The discrepancy between the simulation and measurement was a result of uncertainties in model structure, data input, and sampling design. Our findings indicated that afforestation promoted soil carbon sequestration at the study sites, which is favorable for further restoration of the vegetation and environment. Afforestation activities should decrease soil disturbances to reduce carbon release in the early stage. The long-term strategy for carbon fixation capability of the plantations should also consider the climate and site conditions, species adaptability, and successional stage of recovery.

scholarly journals Analisis Manfaat Ekonomi Taman Hutan Raya Sultan Syarif Hasyim Pekanbaru

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Muhibbin Annas ◽  
Suardi Tarumun ◽  
Tengku Nurhidayah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Plot Sampling ◽  
Carbon Saturation

The aims of these research are ; 1) to analyze the economic value of Taman Hutan Raya Sultan Syarif Hasyim, consist of : log value, carbon value and reducing soil erosion value. 2) to analyze some alternatives policies to meet the sustainable management of Tahura Sultan Syarif Hasyim, Pekanbaru. The research was held on Taman Hutan Raya Sultan Syarif Hasyim, Pekanbaru from August to November 2014. The methode of research is survey and the analysist methode is descriptive kuantitative analysist. The primary data are collected with line plot sampling and soil sampling. The results show that the economic value of 2,412 ha (the remaining Tahura area covered by forest) are: log value IDR 2,434,799,820.00 year-1, carbon value IDR 18,718,898,525.19 year-1 consist: carbon sink value IDR 5,919,446,552.45 year-1 and carbon saturation value IDR 12,799,451,972.74 year-1. The reducing erosion value IDR 83,349,849,057.00 year-1. To optimalize the economic value, the policies are: 1) To restore the Tahura area directly into conservation forest with forest cover. 2) To restore the Tahura area gradually into conservation forest with forest cover and 3) To restore Tahura by collaborating management.

scholarly journals Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Di Provinsi Lampung Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Insidensi Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Agustin Arisandi Mustika ◽  
Samsul Bakri ◽  
Dyah Wulan S. R. Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Impact

The conversion of forest area into non-forest area generally can causing the ecology and micro climate change especially rainfall.   The impact of these changes in other side can increasing the probability in occurrence of vector-born disease such as Aedes aegypti mosquito couse of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF).   Besides of environmental factors, poverty level, rainfall, and housing conditions the suspected also affect the incidence of dengue.  This research aimed to determine of changes in forest cover and land, poverty level, and housing conditions as well as the impact to the incidence of dengue fever in Lampung. Data collected included primary data of land use changes of Lampung Province and the secondary  data  such  as  the  data  of  precipitation  rapid,  poverty  level,  healthy  house proportion and Incidence Rate of dengue.  The dynamic of changes in forest cover and landper distric/city identified through by Landsat image interpretation 5, 7 and 8  in 2002, 2009 and 2014.   While the impact on DHF analyzed using multiple linear models.   The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the changes of the people forest cover   -1,2634   (p=0,001),   intensive   agricultural   0,5315   (p=0,016),   the   number   of precipitation rapid 0,06869 (p=0,087) and the poverty level -0,2213 (p=0,038) and urbanism region in the towns and villages 28,75 (p=0,010) toward the incidence of dengue in Lampung from the year 2003 to 2014.  Based on the reseacrh result that the goverment should be able to increase the percentage of forest area cause able to decrease the incidence DHF. Keyword: forest conversion, incidence DHF, land use changes

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