scholarly journals Assessment of Proximate Composition of Wild Forages Under the Influence of Seasonal and Spatial Variations in Semi-arid Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Humayun Bashir ◽  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Sonaina Nazar ◽  
Shehzadi Mahpara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Seasonal And Spatial Variations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Semi Arid Region

The effect of spatio-temporal variations in proximate composition of the forages and fodder species grazed by the ruminants in different sites of district Bhakkar, Pakistan was evaluated. Samples were collected from different sites of the selected region during four seasons. There was significant effect of site on all proximate parameters except ether extract. Season of collection significantly affected moisture content, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, NFES and net energy while ash content was non-significantly affected. Site x season also has significant effect on all proximate parameters. The study unveils the composition of diet of ruminants, providing information about the need of supplementation for these animals to increase their productivity.

Intake and digestibility of fatty acids in late-lactating dairy cows fed flaxseed hulls supplemented with monensin

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Côrtes ◽  
Daniele da Silva-Kazama ◽  
Ricardo Kazama ◽  
Chaouki Benchaar ◽  
Lucia M Zeoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Flaxseed hull, a co-product obtained from flax processing, is a rich source of n−3 fatty acids but there is little information on digestibility of its nutrients by dairy cows. Four rumen-cannulated multiparous Holstein cows averaging 665±21 kg of body weight and 190±5 d in milk at the beginning of the experiment were assigned to a 4×4 Latin square design with four 28-d experimental periods to determine the effects of feeding monensin and flaxseed hulls on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients and fatty acids. The four treatments were: (1) diet CO: control with neither flaxseed hulls nor monensin added; (2) diet FH containing 19·8 g flaxseed hulls/100 g dry matter (DM); (3) diet MO with 16 mg monensin/kg DM; (4) diet HM containing 19·8 g flaxseed hulls/100 g DM and 16 mg monensin/kg DM. Diets provided similar amounts of protein and net energy of lactation. Digestibility of crude protein was higher for diets containing flaxseed hulls and for diets supplemented with monensin. Flaxseed hulls supplementation decreased digestibility of acid and neutral detergent fibre. Significantly higher digestibility of ether extract and individual fatty acids was observed for treatments with flaxseed hulls compared with treatments without flaxseed hulls. A combination of flaxseed hulls and monensin did not result in better fatty acid digestibility than when feeding only flaxseed hulls.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of hays of the Caatinga shrub legumes mororó and sabiá from different parts of the plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Osniel F. De Oliveira ◽  
Amanda F. De Lima ◽  
Mércia V. F. Dos Santos ◽  
Adriana Guim ◽  
Márcio V. Da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Different Parts

Native forages are important feed sources in the northeastern semi-arid region of Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of hays made from the native shrub legumes, sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.) and mororó [Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud.], using different plant fractions, leaves only or leaves plus twigs. Analyses carried out were: concentrations of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ether extract (EE), ash, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). Sabiá leaf hay contained greater CP concentration (182 g/kg DM) than mororó leaf hay (126 g/kg DM) but hay made from leaf plus twigs showed similar CP for both legumes (mean 106 g/kg DM). Concentrations of NDF (368 g/kg DM), NFC (418 g/kg DM) and TDN (481 g/kg DM) of mororó leaf hay were superior to those of sabiá leaf hay (465, 258 and 311 g/kg DM, respectively). The findings suggest that these native legumes can be conserved as hay during the growing season to provide a supplementary feed with acceptable nutritive value for feeding during the period of inadequate feed availability and quality in semi-arid Brazil. However, more samples from a range of growth stages and locations are needed to confirm these preliminary findings and to provide data on possible yields, while more feeding studies with ruminants are needed to confirm the preliminary data in terms of liveweight performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) augmentation of alfalfa silages

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008-1012
Author(s):  
A.A. Duru
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Microbiological Properties

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical, fermentation, and microbiological properties of alfalfa silages that were augmented with lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and to appraise their in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy for lactation (NEL) contents. Lavender flowers were added to alfalfa silages at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% of the weight of alfalfa. An unaugmented alfalfa silage was also evaluated. After 75 day of ensiling, pH, dry matter, NDF and ADF contents of alfalfa silages had decreased and OMD had increased with the addition of lavender. No significant differences in crude protein, ash, ether extract, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid bacteria number, ME and NEL contents were detected. No butyric acid, Enterobacteriaceae, Listeria spp, sulphide reducing anaerobes, and yeasts were found in the alfalfa silages. Mould content decreased with the addition of lavender. Thus, the addition of lavender flowers to alfalfa silages may improve their quality. Keywords: essential oil, fermentation, nutritional value, supplement

scholarly journals Proximate Composition of Some Selected Browse Plants in Gombi Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
D.I. Mojaba ◽  
D. Khobe ◽  
E Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Ruminant Animal ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

<p>Twelve (12) indigenous browse plants harvested from four districts of Gombi Local Government, Adamawa State were evaluated for their proximate composition. The samples were randomly collected in the study and identified at the Forestry Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Adamawa State. The proximate composition of the collected samples was carried out at the Animal production Nutrition Laboratory of Adamawa University, Mubi. Parameters measured include dry matter (DM), crude fibre (CF), crude protein (CP), Ash (minerals). Nitrogen free extract (NFE) and ether extract (EE). Results obtained showed that DM ranged from 55.5%-80%, CF (23-68%), CP (7.88-19.25%), NFE (22.25-69.97%), EE (3.0-6.0%) and Ash (6.0-12.00%). The data obtained were used to determine the suitability of the browse plants species for ruminant animal production. Results revealed that nutrient contents in plant samples vary in composition.</p>

Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

Proximate Composition and Spatio-temporal Heterogeneity of Phytochemicals in Agave sisalana (sisal) adapted in different agro-ecological zones of Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobia Shahzad ◽  
Mumtaz Hussain ◽  
Hassan Munir ◽  
Muhammad Arfan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Autumn Season ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Exploring extractable phytochemicals from locally adapted sisal plant vegetation vary seasonally at different locations. This study elaborated proximate composition and phytochemical heterogeneity in sisal due to varying environmental conditions analyzed from five districts, i.e., Chakwal, Khushab, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, and Layyah in Punjab, Pakistan. Extensive surveying and plant sampling across two years 2017-18 and 2018-19, during mid-spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons were carried out for understanding the seasonal impact on sisal. The present study was designed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and analyzed considering seasonal, yearly, and locational impact. The spatial differences in phytochemicals concentration were strongly associated with environmental conditions prevailing in different seasons. Autumn season reflected saponins, tannins, and flavonoids in higher concentrations during 2018-19 while steroids and terpenoids were higher during spring 2018-19. While Spatio-temporal variations in the proximate analysis were more apparent in different samples collected from different districts. Data recorded for the Khushab district and autumn season reflected the higher composition of a proximate analysis and phytochemical contents as compared to other seasons. Overall, the spatial differences in phytochemicals concentration were strongly associated with soils and environmental conditions prevailing in different seasons in selected districts.

scholarly journals Influence of Processing Methods on Proximate Composition and Dieting of TwoAmaranthusSpecies from West Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Landry Suffo Kamela ◽  
Raymond Simplice Mouokeu ◽  
Rawson Ashish ◽  
Ghislain Maffo Tazoho ◽  
Lamye Glory Moh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Reference Protein ◽  
Protein Free Diet

The effects of various processing methods on the proximate composition and dieting ofAmaranthus hybridusandAmaranthus cruentusfrom West Cameroon were investigated in this study. Both amaranths leaves were subjected to same treatments (sun-dried and unsliced, sliced and cooked), milled, and analysed for their mineral and proximate composition. Thirty-SixWistaralbino rats of 21 to 24 days old were distributed in six groups and fed for 14 days with 10% protein based diets named D0 (protein-free diet), DI (egg white as reference protein), DII (sun-dried and unslicedA. hybridus), DIII (cooked and slicedA. hybridus), DIV (sun-dried and unslicedA. cruentus), and DV (cooked and slicedA. cruentus). The protein bioavailability and haematological and biochemical parameters were assessed in rats. The results showed that K, P, Mg, Zn, and Fe had the higher content in both samples regardless of processing method. The sun-dried and unslicedA. cruentuscontained the highest value of crude protein 32.22 g/100 g DM (dry matter) while the highest crude lipid, 3.80 and 2.58%, was observed, respectively, in sun-dried and unslicedA. hybridusand cooked and slicedA. cruentus. Cooked and slicedA. hybridusandA. cruentuscontained high crude fiber of 14 and 12.18%, respectively. Rats fed with diet DIII revealed the best protein bioavailability and haematological parameters whereas 100% mortality rate was recorded with group fed with diet DIV. From this study, it is evident that cooked and slicedA. hybridusandA. cruentuscould play a role in weight reduction regimes.

scholarly journals Intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga grassland receiving feed supplementation during dry season

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cézar da SILVA ◽  
Adriana GUIM ◽  
Gladston Rafael de Arruda SANTOS ◽  
Evaristo Jorge de Oliveira SOUZA ◽  
Stela Antas URBANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

SUMMARY It was evaluated the effect of feed supplementation at 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2% of body weight (BW) on intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga, in relation to crossbred goats not supplemented (0.0% of BW). Thirty-two crossbred, Anglo-Nubian goats were used, eight months old and with body weight of 18 ± 2.5 kg, organised into randomised blocks, which were kept on 37 hectares of caatinga from 7 h to 16 h. Intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fibre, total carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients was influenced (P<0.05) by the levels of feed supplementation, with linear increases of 202.31; 179.42; 25.05; 11.83; 35.79; 12.27; 142.63 and 166.79 g animal-1 day-1 respectively. There was a substitution effect (P<0.05) on dry matter intake when using feed supplementation at 0.7% BW. Feed supplementation resulted in positive linear effect (P<0.05) for digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, total digestible-nutrient content and digestible energy, with an increase of 17.15; 16.64; 19.07; 44.74; 15.15 and 17.56% for dry matter, and 0.69 Mcal kg-1 of dry matter respectively. Final body weight, total gain and average daily gain, showed a linear increase (P<.005) of 2.60, 3.09 and 0.036 kg per percentage point of each additional level of supplement. Feed supplementation increases the intake and digestibility of total dry matter and nutrients, a fact that makes greater performance possible, and recommends use up to a level of 0.7% BW to avoid any substitution effect.

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of phytochemical and nutritional potential of Talinum triangulare (Jacq) leaf, stem and root on human health

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere Ilodibia ◽  
Ngozi Igboabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycoside ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Talinum Triangulare ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Nutritional Potential ◽  
Nutrient Compositions

Phytochemical and nutritional potentials of various parts (leaf, stem and root) of Talinum triangulare were evaluated using standard techniques. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed in data analysis. All the parts of the species were found to contain nutrient compositions in varying levels. Dry matter and carbohydrate were highest in the stem (91.69±0.12 and 68.66±0.01) respectively. Moisture, ash content and crude fibre were highest in the root (9.78±0.04, 17.53±0.11and 15.32±0.03) respectively while ether extract and crude protein were highest in the leaf (1.09±0.01 and 17.72±0.17) respectively. The results showed also varying quantities of the phytochemicals in the leaf, stem and root with some parts lacking some of the phytochemicals. The leaf contained the highest percentage of all the phytochemical investigated alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, sterol, Terpenoid, phenol and saponin (0.47±0.01, 0.26±0.00, 0.36±0.07, 0.03±0.01, 0.42±0.02, 0.02±0.01and 0.68±0.05 respectively. The root lacked sterol and phenol while stem lacked only phenol. The leaf, stem and root lacked cyanogenic glycoside. The results have indicated that these parts of the Talinum triangulare investigated are very nutritious and possessed bioactive compounds that could be extracted for the manufacture of new drug, food supplements and also be used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of diseases.

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