scholarly journals Influence of Processing Methods on Proximate Composition and Dieting of TwoAmaranthusSpecies from West Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Landry Suffo Kamela ◽  
Raymond Simplice Mouokeu ◽  
Rawson Ashish ◽  
Ghislain Maffo Tazoho ◽  
Lamye Glory Moh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Reference Protein ◽  
Protein Free Diet

The effects of various processing methods on the proximate composition and dieting ofAmaranthus hybridusandAmaranthus cruentusfrom West Cameroon were investigated in this study. Both amaranths leaves were subjected to same treatments (sun-dried and unsliced, sliced and cooked), milled, and analysed for their mineral and proximate composition. Thirty-SixWistaralbino rats of 21 to 24 days old were distributed in six groups and fed for 14 days with 10% protein based diets named D0 (protein-free diet), DI (egg white as reference protein), DII (sun-dried and unslicedA. hybridus), DIII (cooked and slicedA. hybridus), DIV (sun-dried and unslicedA. cruentus), and DV (cooked and slicedA. cruentus). The protein bioavailability and haematological and biochemical parameters were assessed in rats. The results showed that K, P, Mg, Zn, and Fe had the higher content in both samples regardless of processing method. The sun-dried and unslicedA. cruentuscontained the highest value of crude protein 32.22 g/100 g DM (dry matter) while the highest crude lipid, 3.80 and 2.58%, was observed, respectively, in sun-dried and unslicedA. hybridusand cooked and slicedA. cruentus. Cooked and slicedA. hybridusandA. cruentuscontained high crude fiber of 14 and 12.18%, respectively. Rats fed with diet DIII revealed the best protein bioavailability and haematological parameters whereas 100% mortality rate was recorded with group fed with diet DIV. From this study, it is evident that cooked and slicedA. hybridusandA. cruentuscould play a role in weight reduction regimes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOME PROCESSING METHODS ON NUTRIENT CONTENT AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF A VARIETY OF DOLICHOS LABLAB (LABLAB PURPUREUS L.) BEANS GROWN IN KENYA

10.37512/500 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Dolichos Lablab ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitory Activity

This study aimed to determine the effect of different processing methods on the proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors of Dolichos lablab beans (Lablab purpureus) of Kenya. The seeds of KAT/DL-2 variety,sourced from Kenya Agricultural Livestock and Research Organisation, Katumani Dryland Research Station were sorted, then subjected to different processing methods (soaking, cooking and germination). The samples were analysed for proximate composition, tannins, phytates and trypsin inhibitory activity. The results showed a significant increase (2.0%) in crude protein content for germinated lablab beans while carbohydrates content was high in cooked samples. The variety KAT/DL-2 had high levels of phytates; 723.6 mg/100g and tannins 330.3mg/100g and trypsin inhibitor activity 1.3mg/100g. Cooking achieved the highest reduction of anti-nutrients with 88% reduction in TIU. The results revealed that the anti-nutrients in lablab beans can be reduced using different methods of processing. However, there is need to investigate the effect of combined methods on the nutrients and anti-nutrients.

scholarly journals Effect of processing methods on consumer's acceptability and proximate composition of yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Ahmed Ayeloja ◽  
F. O.A. George ◽  
W. A. Jimoh ◽  
S. A. Abdulsalami
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Larimichthys Polyactis ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fish Product ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hedonic Scale

Effect of processing methods on consumer’s acceptability and proximate composition of yellow croaker was investigated. The experiment was completely randomized design where the treatments were the various processing methods employed. 12kg frozen yellow croaker fish were purchased, cut into chunks, divided into 4 groups of 3kg each, each group was salted and then subjected to different processing methods including: sun drying, deep- frying, solar drying and smoking. After processing, the products were subjected to organoleptic assessment using hedonic scale while the proximate composition was determined using standard experimental procedures.  The result of this study indicates that the odour and flavour of smoked fish product were significantly (p < 0.01) preferred by consumers above other products. Solar dried fish product had highest percentage crude protein followed by smoked fish product while smoked fish product had the highest crude ash. This study suggests that it is better to process yellow croaker by solar drying and smoking so as to get good nutrients.

scholarly journals Dynamical Hybrid System for Optimizing and Controlling Efficacy of Plant-Based Protein in Aquafeeds

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Serge Dossou ◽  
Mahmoud A. O. Dawood ◽  
Amr I. Zaineldin ◽  
Ibrahim A. Abouelsaad ◽  
Kumbukani Mzengereza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Paralichthys Olivaceus ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Olive Flounder ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Gross Energy

In this paper, a mathematical model was used to evaluate a dynamical hybrid system for optimizing and controlling the efficacy of plant-based protein in aquafeeds. Fishmeal (FM), raw rapeseed meal (RM), and a fermented meal with yeast (RM-Yeast) and fungi (Aspergillus oryzae RM-Koji) were used as test ingredients for the determination of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, energy, and essential amino acids (EAA) for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, 7 ± 0.02 g) using diets containing 0.5% Cr2O3 as an inert indicator. Among all ingredients tested, FM had the maximum ADC of dry matter ( P < 0.05 ), protein ( P < 0.05 ), lipid ( P > 0.05 ), and energy ( P > 0.05 ). Fermented meals (RM-Yeast and RM-Koji) showed higher ADC ( P < 0.05 ) of crude protein compared with RM, while there was no significance in ADCs of crude lipid and energy among different forms of rapeseed meal. Besides, ADC of crude lipid for RM-Yeast and RM-Koji, on the one hand, and ADC of gross energy for RM-Yeast, on the other hand, were not varied from that for FM ( P > 0.05 ). Amino acid digestibility reflects protein digestibility in most cases. Interestingly, protease, lipase, and amylase activities were better expressed in RM-Koji, RM-Yeast, and FM over RM, respectively. The current results deliver important information on nutrients and energy bioavailability in raw and fermented RM, which can be implemented to accurately formulate applied feeds for olive flounder. Compared with other applicable systems, the complexity of the approach implemented has been considerably reduced.

scholarly journals Processing methods of malted sorghum sprout impacts on the nutritive values

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
A. A. Saka ◽  
O. S. Sowande ◽  
R. K. Adekunjo ◽  
R. A. Salako ◽  
O. O. Lawrence- Azua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Fibre Fraction

The separated roots and shoots left after malt extraction from the young sorghum seedlings are collectively called Sorghum sprout and being regarded a waste. The study was designed to investigate the effect of different processing methods on the nutritive value of malted sorghum sprout (MSP). TheMSP was divided into three parts: raw (RMSP), alkaline (wood ash) treated (AMSP) and fermented (FMSP). The proximate composition, fibre fraction and the mineral contents were determined and all data obtained were subjected to one way analysis of variance. Results revealed that the proximate and fibre fraction values of MSP were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the processing methods. The highest dry matter (82.34%), ether extract (1.76%), ash (15.52%), neutral detergent fibre (63.00%) and hemicellulose (39.00%) values were recorded in FMSP. Fermentation and alkaline treatments reduced the crude protein while it increased the ether extract and nitrogen free extract of theMSP.Ash had the highest percentage value in fermentedmalted sorghum sprout (FMSP) and the lowest in raw malted sorghum sprout (RMSP). The concentration (g/kg) of calcium (14.45), phosphorus (67.92) and potassium (6.59) were significantly (p<0.05) highest in FMSP. The concentration (mg/kg) of iron (947.50) and copper (21.50) observed in AMSP were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the values obtained in FMSP followed by RMSP. It was observed that fermentation and alkaline treatment employed reduced zinc concentration values of the MSP. It can be concluded that fermentation processing method used in this study presented the best results in terms of the chemical andmineral composition values.

scholarly journals Assessment of Proximate Composition of Wild Forages Under the Influence of Seasonal and Spatial Variations in Semi-arid Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Humayun Bashir ◽  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Sonaina Nazar ◽  
Shehzadi Mahpara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Seasonal And Spatial Variations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Semi Arid Region

The effect of spatio-temporal variations in proximate composition of the forages and fodder species grazed by the ruminants in different sites of district Bhakkar, Pakistan was evaluated. Samples were collected from different sites of the selected region during four seasons. There was significant effect of site on all proximate parameters except ether extract. Season of collection significantly affected moisture content, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, NFES and net energy while ash content was non-significantly affected. Site x season also has significant effect on all proximate parameters. The study unveils the composition of diet of ruminants, providing information about the need of supplementation for these animals to increase their productivity.

scholarly journals Effect of different processing methods on the biochemical composition of water hyacinth and acceptability by WAD goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
A. A. Mako ◽  
V. O. Akinwande
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre

The limiting factor in the use of water hyacinth (WH) as a fodder is the high moisture content. Subjecting this water weed to various processing methods might reduce the moisture content to an appreciable level that will be tolerated by animals. Fresh samples of water hyacinth harvested from lagoon water body in Ogun State were processed into wilted, ensiled, sun-cured. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 involved the determination of nutrient composition (Dry matter, Crude protein, Crude fibre Ash, Neutral detergent fibre and Acid detergent fibre), mineral content(macro and micro minerals) and secondary metabolites (spot test analysis of (saponin, phenol and steroid) of fresh and processed WH. In experiment II, the fresh and processed WH were fed to eight WAD goats in a cefetaria feeding trial to determine the Coefficient of Preference (COP) ofall forms of water hyacinth. Results revealed that, the nutrient composition was influenced by processing methods except for the ash content. The sun-cured WH contained more dry matter (89.30 g/100g DM), while the lowest dry matter (8.22 g/100g DM) was recorded for fresh WH. However, ensiled WH contained more crude protein (16.23 g/100g DM) than other forms of WH, the lowest CP (10.42 g/100gDM) was recorded for fresh WH (DBG has some protein in it and it added to the water hyacinth, hence the raised CP content of ensiled WH). However, the neutral detergent fibre ranged from 55.20 to66.25 g/100g DM in ensiled and sun-cured respectively.The mineral content of all forms of WH were similar. Qualitative evaluation of saponin, phenol and steroid showed that all forms of WH contained tannins and steroids; saponin was found but declared negative due to height of the form. The result of COP,showed thatthefresh WH (0.74) was rejected, while all processed WH were acceptable to the animals.However,the ensiled WH (1.40) was most preferred. It is concluded that processing methods can improve the nutrient composition of WH and also the preference by animals.

scholarly journals Digestibility Coefficients of Cattle Hoof Meal Diet by African Catfish Clarias gariepinus Juvenile

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
A. E. Falaye ◽  
S. O. Sule
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soda Ash

Digestibility trial of Cattle hoof waste subjected to five processing methods was conducted on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. A reference diet 70 % and test diet 30 % was formulated with chromic oxide biomarker. Feed and feacal samples collected at 8h interval after feeding were analysed for proximate parameters and digestibility coefficient calculated. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments crude protein digestibility was highest in Reference diet (88.26 ± 0.04) < soda ash diet (87.49 ± 0.04) < fermented diet (82.15 ± 0.10) < wood ash diet (81.26 ± 0.03) < raw hoof diet (79.57 ± 0.05) and lowest in Autoclaved diet (77.69 ± 0.02). Nutrient digestibility also showed significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments with highest values for soda ash diets parameters and least protein nutrient in autoclaved diet (58.99±0.08 ); fat, dry matter and energy nutrient in raw hoof diet (56.41 ± 3.49; 23.39 ± 0.16; 25.71 ± 0.75). This study concludes that Clarias gariepinus juveniles can be fed soda ash treated cattle hoof waste.

scholarly journals Komposisi Nutrien dan Mineral Silase Sabut Kelapa Muda pada Berbagai Level Penambahan Dedak Padi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Emilia Martha Narek ◽  
Floriana Petrosa Un ◽  
Bernadete Barek Koten ◽  
Redempta Wea ◽  
Aholiab Aoetpah
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Multiple Test ◽  
Coconut Husk

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate minerals and nutrient composition of young coconut husk silage fermented with rice bran at different concentrations. The study was conducted for seven months in the Laboratory of Feed Technology of State Agricultural Polytechnic of Kupang. A completely randomised design was employed with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments were young coconut husk without rice bran (P0) or the husk plus 4% (P1), 8% (P2) or 12% (P3) of rice bran out of the silage total weight. Variables measured were dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fibre, Calcium, Potassium and Phosphorus. Analysis of variance showed that rice bran significantly (P<0.01) affects all variables measured. The Duncan’s range multiple test showed that 12% and 4% were the best rice bran concentrations to increase nutrient content and minerals of the silage, respectively. It can be concluded that adding 12% of rice bran to young coconut husk silage increased dry matter, ash, crude protein and crude lipid but reduced Calcium and Potassium. Crude fibre and Phosphorus increased at the inclusion of 8% rice bran.  Key words: Nutrient; Minerals; Rice bran; Silage; Young coconut husk.   Abstrak Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi komposisi nutrien dan mineral silase sabut kelapa muda pada berbagai level penambahan dedak padi, telah dilaksanakan selama 7 bulan di Laboratorium Teknologi Pakan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang, dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan yang terdiri dari P0 : sabut kelapa muda tanpa dedak padi, P1 : sabut kelapa muda + 4% dedak padi, P2 : sabut kelapa muda + 8% dedak padi, P3 : sabut kelapa muda + 12% dedak padi dengan 5 kali ulangan. Variabel yang diukur adalah kadar bahan kering (BK), kadar abu, kadar protein kasar (PK), kadar lemak kasar (LK), kadar serat kasar (SK), kadar kalsium (Ca), kadar kalium, dan kadar fosfor. Analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa level dedak padi yang berbeda berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kadar BK, kadar abu, kadar PK, kadar LK, kadar SK, kadar Ca, kadar K, dan kadar P. Uji Duncan memperlihatkan level dedak 12% menghasilkan nutrien terbaik dan level 4% menghasilkan kadar mineral terbaik. Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan level dedak padi hingga 12% dapat meningkatkan kadar BK, kadar abu, kadar PK, dan kadar LK. tetapi menurunkan kadar Ca dan kadar K. Kadar SK  dan P meningkat hingga penambahan level dedak padi 8%. Kata kunci : Dedak padi; Kadar nutrient; Kadar mineral; Silase; Sabut kelapa muda.  

scholarly journals The content of insoluble fibre and crude protein value of the aboveground biomass of Amaranthus cruentus and A. hypochondriacus

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
B. Písaříková ◽  
J. Peterka ◽  
M. Trčková ◽  
J. Moudrý ◽  
Z. Zralý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Twenty samples of the aboveground biomass of <i>Amaranthus cruentus</i> (varieties Olpir, Amar 2 RR-R 150, and A 200 D) and <i>A. hypochondriacus</i> (variety No. 1008) were analysed to determine their nutritional value during the experimental period covering five growth stages from inflorescence emergence till full ripening of grain. During plant growth, from day 80 to day 120 of cultivation, the nutritional value decreased. This was demonstrated by an increase in insoluble fibre and a reduction in crude protein content. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in the dry matter increased from 356 to 420 g/kg (<i>P</i> < 0.01); acid detergent fibre (ADF) from 238 to 286 g/kg (<i>P</i> < 0.01); acid detergent lignin (ADL) from 22.9 to 53.4 g/kg (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The content of crude protein in the dry matter of the investigated amaranth varieties decreased from 174 to 109 g/kg (<i>P</i> < 0.01). In the Czech Republic the aboveground biomass of the cultivated <i>A. cruentus</i> and <i>A. hypochondriacus</i> could be used as a good source of fibre and protein in animal diets when harvested in the period from day 80 to 90 of cultivation.

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