scholarly journals Assessment of herbicidal potential of Peganum harmala L. for biological control of Cynodon dactylon L

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Plant Parts

This study was conducted to evaluates the allelopathic potential of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) on growth of Cynodon dactylon L. (Poaceae). Seeds, stems and mixture of (seeds and stems) aqueous extracts of P. harmala plants were applied as foliar application to three weeks old seedlings of Cynodon dactylon weeds. The result indicated that the application of aqueous extracts of different plant parts of P. harmala caused significant reduction in growth traits of Cynodon dactylon include plant height, number of branches, number of leave and plant weight. Also, the result revealed that the Inhibitory effect of P. harmala eques extract on Cynodon dactylon L was more pronounced in plant height and number of leave plant-1 traits. Results show that among the different P. harmala plant parts used in this study, seeds extract was the most toxic and caused the greatest negative effect on growth traits of Cynodon dactylon. According to the results, the degree of toxicity of different P. harmala plant parts can be arranged in the following order: seeds > mixture > stems. The results of this study concluded that the use of Peganum harmala L plant have the potential to be developed further as a bio-herbicide system to control weed such as Cynodon dactylon L.

Evaluation of Herbicidal Potential of Eucalyptus spp for Biological Control of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Amal Ehtaiwesh
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Germination Traits

Pots culture experiment was conducted to evaluates the herbicidal potential of Eucalyptus spp. (aceae) on growth of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. (Poaceae). Leaves extract with concentrations of 10, 20 and 40% of Eucalyptus plant were applied as soil and foliar application to seeds and seedlings of D. aegyptium species.  The result indicated that the application of Eucalyptus leaves extracts caused significant reduction in germination traits, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights. Also, the result revealed that the Inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus extract on D. aegyptium L was more noticeable in plant growth traits than on germination traits. Results show that among the different concentration of Eucalyptus leave extracts used in this study, 40% was the most toxic and caused the significant effect on germination and growth traits of Dactyloctenium aegyptium. Application of 40% of Eucalyptus leave extract decreased germination percentage by 30%, mean daily germination by 45%, shoot length by 38%. root length by 54%, number of branches by 61%, number of leavesby59%, seedling fresh weights by 23%, seedling dry weights by 62% and seedling vigor index by 60%. The results of this study concluded that the use of Eucalyptus plants have the potential to be developed further as a bio-herbicide system to control weed such as Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. However, more researches are needed to evaluate the negative impact of Eucalyptus on crop growth.

scholarly journals Comparative allelopathic potential of metabolites of two Alternanthera species against germination and seedling growth of rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mehmood ◽  
A. Tanveer ◽  
M.A. Nadeem ◽  
Z.A. Zahir
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of plant parts of Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis and soil incorporated residues on germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa). Aqueous extracts prepared from different plant parts of Alternanthera species delayed rice germination. Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis inhibited rice germination by 9-100% and 4-49%, respectively. Germination of rice seeds was reduced with increasing concentration of aqueous leaf extracts of both weed species. Early seedling growth (root and shoot lengths) and seedling vigor index were significantly reduced by 5% aqueous leaf extract compared with distilled water treated control. Germination, root and shoot lengths, root and shoot dry weights and seedling vigor index of rice were drastically reduced by 3 and 4% in residue infested soil compared with residue free soil. The inhibitory effect of A. philoxeroides in terms of germination and seedling growth of rice was greater than that of A. sessilis. Five percent aqueous leaf extract and 4% residue infested soil of A. philoxeroides caused complete failure of rice seed germination. Alternanthera philoxeroides contained water soluble phenolics, namely 4 hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid (16.19 mg L-1) and m-coumaric acid (1.48 mg L-1), whereas Alternanthera sessilis was rich in chlorogenic acid (17.85 mg L-1), gallic acid (11.03 mg L-1) and vanillic acid (9.88 mg L-1). The study indicates that the allelopathic potential of Alternanthera species may play an important role in enhancing the invasiveness of these species and may suppress rice plants in the vicinity.

Assessment of Allelopathic Potential of Wedelia trilobata on the Germination, Seedling Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Rape

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 719-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Hua Zhang ◽  
Bao Qing Hu ◽  
Gang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Wedelia Trilobata ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content

Wedelia trilobata(L.) Hitche is a widespread alien invasive weed in south China and has been reported to show allelopathic potential causing biological suppression on some plants. In this study, the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from the leaves ofW. trilobatawere tested on the seed germination, shoot growth and total chlorophyll content of rape (Brassica campestrisL.) using Petri dish bioassay. The results showed that the aqueous extracts at the concentration from 25% to 100% caused a significant reduction in the germination percentage, shoot length and total chlorophyll content of rape. This inhibitory effect was concentration-dependent. These results suggested there was a strong potential phytotoxic effect ofW. trilobataon rape andthis effect might reduce the production of some crop species.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Medicinal Plants: Costus speciosus Koen ex. Retz and Justicia adhatoda Linn

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Devkota ◽  
Swasti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Costus Speciosus ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Justicia Adhatoda ◽  
Germination And Growth

The study was carried out to evaluate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of rhizome and leaves of Costus speciosus Koen ex. Retz and Justicia adhatoda Linn. respectively on germination and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) and pea (Pisum sativum Linn.). Effect was assessed by recording their effects on germination and percentage growth of root and hypocotyle of test plants. However, the extent of inhibitory and stimulatory effect of extracts varied with the plant species. The extract reduced the germination of the test seeds. However, root and hypocotyle elongations of wheat and pea seedlings were significantly inhibited by the extract of studied plant parts, with the percentage of inhibition increased as the concentration of the extract increased. The observed allelopathic activity of the extract of both medicinal plants on the seed germination and seedling growth of wheat and pea was attributed to the presence of the allelopathic phytochemicals in medicinal plants. The results showed that Justicia adhatoda Linn. had strong inhibitory effect on germination as well as root and hypocotyls growth of test seeds. Phytochemical screening of both medicinal plants was also carried out by using standard methods. The extract contained alkaloid, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins in different proportions; with more of alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 57-65

scholarly journals EFFECT OF POTASH FERTILIZATION AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF IRON AND ZINC ON GROWTH TRAITS OF TWO GENOTYPES OF MUNG BEAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalgafor & Al-Jumaily
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Branches

A field experiment was conducted in Ehssayvillage-Amria-Fallujah district in Al-Anbar governorate during the spring season of 2012 and 2013 in order to study the effect of potassium fertilizer and foliar nutrition of iron and zinc in growth traits of two mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes. Factorial arrangement was used in RCBD with three replicates.The experiment included three levels of potassium (0, 60 and 120) kg K.ha-1, four treatments of foliar application of zinc and iron  (0, Fe150, Zn100 and Fe150 + Zn100) mg.L-1 and two mung bean genotype (Local and indian VC6089A10) .The local genotype gave the highest rate of number of leaves per plant(38.26 and27.73) leaf.plant-1, leaf area(18.62 and18.57) dm2.plant-1 and biological yield( 2.62 and  2.21) t.ha-1 for the two seasons respectively , while the indian genotype gave the highest rate of plant height (50.34 and 52.20) cm and also gave the lowest number of days from planting to maturity of pods for both seasons respectively. The level 60 kg K.ha-1 record the highest rate of plant height, number of leaves per plant , leaf area(16.57and16.05) dm2.plant-1 and biological yield(2.89and (2.17t.ha-1 for the two seasons respectively, while level 120 kg K.ha-1 gave the highest rate of the number of branches per plants(6.7and 4.86) branches.plant-1 and also gave the lowest number of days from planting to maturity of pods for both seasons respectively . So the concentration (Fe150 + Zn100) mg.L-1 from the foliar nutrition of iron and zinc gave highest rate of plant height(48.38)cm, number of branches per plants (6.47) branches.plant-1  and leaf area(14.91) dm2.plant-1 for the first seasons only . The interaction between local genotype with 60 kg K.ha-1gave the heighest rate of number of leaves per plant and leaf area(22.57  and 21.34) dm2.plant-1  for two seasons respectively .So the interaction between local genotype and concentration (Fe150+Zn100) mg.l-1 gave the highest rate of leaf area for the first seasons only. The interaction between the level 60 kg K.ha-1 of potassium and the concentration  Fe150  mg.l-1 from the foliar nutrition of iron showed significant superiority in leaf area (18.97 and 19.30) dm2.plant-1 for both seasons respectively.So the triple interaction between local genotype with level 60 kg K.ha-1 of potassium and concentration (Fe 150+  Zn 100)mg.l-1 from foliar nutrition of iron and  zinc (V1K1F3) was significant effect in number of leaves per plant and leaf area for both seasons.

scholarly journals Assessment of some medicinal plants for their allelopathic potential against redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Sabagh Nekonam ◽  
Jamshid Razmjoo ◽  
Hasan Kraimmojeni ◽  
Bahram Sharifnabi ◽  
Hajar Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Redroot Pigweed

Abstract The study was conducted to determine the allelopathic effects of Crocus sativus L., Ricinus communis L., Nicotiana tabacum L., Datura inoxia Mill., Nerium oleander L., and Sorghum vulgare L. on the germination and growth of Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed). Powder and aqueous extracts of these plants were used to run the experiment under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In the laboratory, all aqueous extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect on the germination, seedling length and weight of redroot pigweed plants. The most allelopathic against the redroot pigweed were R. communis, N. tabacum, and D. inoxia. In the greenhouse experiment, extracts and the powder of these plants also showed significant inhibitory effects on pigweed dry weight, height, leaf area, number of survivor plants, and amount of chlorophyll. In the germination bioassay and application of powder, the inhibitory effect was dosage dependent - the higher the concentration, the strongest the inhibitory effect. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the powder and extracts of the tested species have an herbicidal potential against redroot pigweed and could be used as natural herbicides and mulches.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Plant Growth and Seed Germination of Four Okra Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Ghadir MOHAMMADI ◽  
Ebrahim M. KHAH ◽  
Spyridon Alexandros PETROPOULOS ◽  
Dimosthenis B. CHACHALIS
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Hard Seeds ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In the present study, the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers on okra plants was examined. Four okra cultivars (‘Boyiatiou’, ‘Veloudo’, ‘Clemson’ and ‘Pylaias’) were sprayed weekly throughout the duration of the cultivation with two commercial micronutrient fertilizers (F1 and F2) [e.g. M1= control (0 ml); M2= 40 ml (20 ml of each fertilizer); M3 = 80 ml (40 ml of each fertilizer). From the results of the present study, it was observed that plant height of ‘Boyiatiou’ and ‘Pylaias’ was increased by application of M2 whereas plant height of ‘Clemson’ and ‘Veloudo’ was either unaffected or reduced. Flower induction increased at both micronutrient levels (M2 and M3) only in ‘Pylaias’. Pod set was higher in treatment M3 in ‘Veloudo’ and ‘Pylaias’ and resulted in higher seed yield.  Pod length and diameter were not affected by micronutrient application, as well as 100-seed mean weight and moisture content; however the number of seeds per pod in ‘Pylaias’ was significantly lower in M2 and M3 than in M1, whereas the percent seed germination of all cultivars was higher following micronutrient application. Germination differed between the control and the micronutrient treatments at all times of harvest and plant parts. In conclusion, the main value of foliar application of micronutrients was to increase germination percentage and reduce hardseedness, especially for cv. ‘Veloudo’, since the occurrence of hard seeds in susceptible cultivars reduces germination, and therefore seed quality. In some cultivars (‘Pylaias’ and ‘Veloudo’ here) micronutrients may also increase seed yield by increasing pod set.

scholarly journals Investigation of the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Primula veris L. extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Varga Erzsébet ◽  
Lieb Dorottya ◽  
Maráz Anna
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Primula Veris ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Abstract Methanol, ethanol (50%) and aqueous extracts were prepared from the roots, leaves and flowers of Primula veris collected and dried under natural conditions in meadows near Marosludas in April 2018. The polyphenol contents of the plant parts, as well as the antioxidant capacity were measured by ABTS spectrophotometric methods. For the microbiology section, aqueous and ethanolic extracts (100 mg/ml) were prepared from the roots, leaves and flowers of Primula veris followed by testing of their antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata) and bacteria (Gram negatives:, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae; Gram-positive: Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus) by agar well diffusion method. Ethanol proved to be the most effective solvent for all three drugs to determine the polyphenol content. The flower drug contains the highest amounts of polyphenols. With the ABTS method of antioxidant measurement, ethanolic extracts are more effective than aqueous extracts. Agar well diffusion studies showed that all extracts caused complete inhibition within the inhibition zone in the yeasts tested. The inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts was stronger than that of ethanolic extracts in the case of all three plant parts. The greatest inhibition was caused by extracts of the roots with ethanol. The three yeasts tested showed similarly high sensitivity to roots extracts, while the inhibitory effect was weaker for leaf extracts. Candida parapsilosis was resistant to leaf and flower extracts. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, like fungi, showed good sensitivity to extracts, while other bacteria showed little or no inhibitory effect.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

Effect of Urea and Nano-Nitrogen Fertigation and Foliar Application of Nano-Boron and Molybdenum on some Growth and Yield Parameters of Potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-263
Author(s):  
Hayyawi W.A. Al-juthery ◽  
Estabraq Hilal Obaid Al-Maamouri
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Starch Yield ◽  
Private Farm

Investigating the effect of urea and nano-nitrogen fertigation and foliar application of nano B and Mo on growth and yield of potato Solanum tuberosum L. [Rivera-A]. The study was conducted in a private farm located in the Al-Taleah area - Babylon governorate. The experiment consisted of (12) treatments consisting of separated fertigation of nano nitrogen (25% N) and urea (46% N), single treatments of leaf spraying of nano Mo (5%), Nano B (9%), nano-binary combinations (Mo+B) and (U+ Nano Mo), (U+Nano B), Nano (N+Mo), Nano (N+B), and tricombination treatments of (U+Mo+B), Nano (N+Mo+B) additional to the control treatment. Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) and one way simple experiment with three replicates. Fertilizers were applied at levels of 40 liters h-1 of Nano-N fertilizer (25% N) and 300 kg h-1 urea fertilizer (46% N). They were sprayed early in the morning after (40) days after planting four times. Two weeks is the period between an application and another according to the recommendation of (1) kg  h-1 nano-fertilizer of (B) and (500) g h-1 of  Mo. Fertilizers were injected and sprayed at (10, 20, 30 and 40)% of the total amount of the fertilizer were applied as the first, second, third and fourth applications, respectively. Some growth traits were tested including the chlorophyll content in the leaves, the total dry vegetative yild, the soft tubers yield, and the biological yield, proteins and ascorbic acid yield compared to the control (spray water only). The results of the Duncan test showed a significant increase in most of the studied traits of nano-tricombination (N+Mo+B) in the fresh tubers yield,  dry vegetative yield  , the biological yield, starch yield ,the total protein and ascorbic yield (37.53, 1.799, 8.138,4.152 , 481.3and 653.8 meg ha-1) respectively .compare to control (21.58 , 0.890, 4.463  ,2.323 , 366.1 and 215.5 meg ha-1) respectively.

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