scholarly journals Cultural barriers towards women and youth entry to apiculture production in Maara Sub-County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Raphael Mwiti Gikunda ◽  
Dennis Mongáre Ooga ◽  
Irene Nyanchoka Okiamba ◽  
Samantha Anyuor
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Extension Education ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Female Farmers

The study adds to extension education knowledge by revealing cultural barriers inhibiting the uptake of apiculture enterprise among women and youths in Maara Sub-County, Kenya. Data were gathered from twenty-three smallholder farmers selected through purposive sampling based on gender and age from Maara Sub-county, Kenya. Data were collected through the use of structured interview schedule. The study revealed that women and youths’ participation in apicultural activities hindered by cultural restrictions which included taboos, inheritance, traditions, and attitudes. The taboos inhibiting female farmers from engaging in apicultural production were; forbidding women from climbing trees, sitting beehives in apiaries, and honey harvesting. Traditions such as the belief that apiculture is meant for elderly men discouraged youths and women entrant to the industry. Only interested and older sons from the farm families could inherit apiaries in the community. A majority of female and young farmers were blinded by the negative attitude they had towards the enterprise hence they could not participate. Even though apprenticeship was the main channel of equipping farmers with apicultural knowledge and skills, personal experiences and social gathering played a vital role. Few farmers also acquired knowledge through formal schooling. Cultural restrictions need to be eased to attract women and young farmers in apiculture production. Extension education would also enhance the adoption of the farm enterprise through dissemination of modern beekeeping technologies.

scholarly journals Challenges of smallholder farmers in accessing agricultural information in Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
G.R. Megerssa ◽  
B.G. Gemede ◽  
A.W. Jarsa
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Development Agents

Abstract: The study was focused on identifying sources of agricultural information and analyzing challenges faced by smallholder farmers in accessing agricultural information in Southern Ethiopia. To achieve the stated objectives the study district was selected purposively from Wolaita zone by selecting five kebeles randomly. At the end, a total of 150 sample households were randomly selected from these five kebeles. To collect the data both primary and secondary sources were used for the purpose of this study. Primary data were collected directly from sample respondents through structured and semi-structured interview schedules, observation and focus group discussions. Secondary data were collected from Woreda agriculture and rural development office report, and other relevant books, journal articles and the Internet. After the relevant data were collected, the descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency, and percentage, and the inferential statistics such as chi-square tests were also used. The findings indicate that female farmers, illiteracy, location of market center, information seeking behavior of farmers, low rate of extension-farmers linkages, inadequate operational skill of aids, language barriers, lack of training, lack of rural electrification, lack of development agents, absence of rural networks, inadequate reading materials, and inappropriate time of broadcasting are the main challenges smallholder farmers were faced with. Therefore, to overcome the challenges strong commitment and reformation should be done in the study area by the concerned stakeholders.

Real Time Gender and Age Prediction using Deep Learning Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-801
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Detection ◽  
Age Prediction

Face recognition plays a vital role in security purpose. In recent years, the researchers have focused on the pose illumination, face recognition, etc,. The traditional methods of face recognition focus on Open CV’s fisher faces which results in analyzing the face expressions and attributes. Deep learning method used in this proposed system is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Proposed work includes the following modules: [1] Face Detection [2] Gender Recognition [3] Age Prediction. Thus the results obtained from this work prove that real time age and gender detection using CNN provides better accuracy results compared to other existing approaches.

scholarly journals Adoption of Rice Post-Harvest Technologies Among Smallholder Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Banji Olalere Adisa ◽  
Michael Famakinwa ◽  
Kolawole Adelekan Adeloye
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Rice Milling ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

SummaryThe study assessed adoption of rice post-harvest technologies among smallholder farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 120 respondents through a structured interview schedule using a multistage sampling procedure. Percentages, means, Chi-square and correlation were used to analyse the data and draw inferences. The results show that about 52.5% of the respondents had favourable perception, while 47.5% had unfavourable perception towards adoption of the rice post-harvest technologies. Rice milling (mean=4.54) and harvesting matured panicles at the right time (mean=4.47) ranked highest among the adopted post-harvest technologies, while majority (65%) of the respondents adopted the rice post-harvest technologies at moderate level and 35% had high level of adoption. Inadequate capital (mean=1.75) and poor extension contacts (mean=1.67) were the major constraints associated with the adoption. Also, there was significant association between sex (χ2= 38.174), marital status (χ2=32.85) and adoption of the rice post-harvest technologies, while age (r=-0.531), household size (r=0.414) and the quantity of rice produced (r=0.345) had significant relationship with adoption of the post-harvest rice technologies. There was moderate level of adoption among the farmers. Financial institutions, governments and non-governmental organisations should provide functional credit facilities and government should employ more extension agents to promote adoption of high-quality enhancing post-harvest technologies for sustainable rice production in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Peran Guru terhadap Aktivitas Bermain Anak Usia Dini

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Witri Intan Ardi ◽  
Rika Devianti
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Interview Techniques ◽  
Do So ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Education is a means for teachers to provide knowledge and experience as well as values ​​in life. For this reason, teachers are to provide a comfortable and joyful learning atmosphere for students, one of which is playing activities. In playing activities, students often behave badly, such as scuffle, and being selfish. This requires a teacher to be able to educate and facilitate them not to do so. This research was to recognize the teachers’ role in early childhood playing activities, especially at As-Salam Kindergarten, Pekan Arba, Tembilahan. This research is descriptive qualitative. The data were collected using structured interview techniques, observation, and documentation. The informants of the research were 3 teachers, a headmaster, head of foundations, and 38 students. The data were analyzed using the data triangulation technique by the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that the teachers play a vital role as designers, observers, models, facilitators, elaborators, and evaluators.

scholarly journals Smallholder Farmers’ Challenges of Coping with COVID-19 Containments: Insights from two food regions in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 18223-18244
Author(s):  
Silke Stöber ◽  
◽  
K Adinata ◽  
T Ramba ◽  
N Paganini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Price Spikes

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments around the world to impose containment measures to prevent the rapid spread of the corona virus. The Indonesian government implemented “large-scale social restrictions,” which have impacted farming and farmers’ food security. Farmers are both producers and consumers of food and, therefore, have been facing new challenges due to transport restrictions, price spikes for inputs, price drops for their produce, or conditions which aggravated cooperation, such as social distancing. This study aims at analysing the challenges of the containments from a smallholder farmer perspective and examining farmers’ coping potential. A digital survey with 323 farmers has been designed as comparative observational research in Toraja, South Sulawesi, and selected regions of Java. The Bonferroni Multiple Comparison Test was used to test for significance regarding socio-economic factors and space. A logistic regression model extracted determinants for crisis coping. Results reveal, that female farmers worry more about COVID-19 outbreak compared to men at a significant level. In contrast, male farmers, particularly in Java, are more concerned about social restrictions due to limited mobility. Food price spikes were reported in both regions, with sharp increases for fish, fruits, and vegetables in Java, for staples in Toraja, and for meat and sugar in both regions. Food groups, that trade through agents and brokers or are transported longer distances were affected most due to their complex and long supply chains that were disrupted during the restrictions. In Java, farmers face multiple shocks, of which climate change was reported even more often than the pandemic related shocks. Not being able to help each other on the farm due to social distancing is a significant concern of farmers in Toraja. As a result of food market disturbances, farmers began to grow and eat more vegetables and fruits. In conclusion, food security for farmers slightly decreased due to affordability, and market disruptions already point to long-term income losses. The study team recommends to promote smallholders’ healthy food production, value addition and direct end-consumer linkages to build back better their livelihoods post-COVID-19.

Intersemiotic Translation of Subliminal Messages in Brand Logos

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
George Damaskinidis ◽  
Loukia Kostopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Subliminal Messages ◽  
The World ◽  
Conscious Level ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Control ◽  
Brand Logos ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Subliminal messages play a vital role in attracting the consumer's attention in the world of brands. Visual subliminal messages are designed to be unnoticeable at a conscious level, bypassing the conscious mind and submitting messages directly to the subconscious mind. Although consumers may not actually attempt to decode the semiotic elements of a logo, its interpretation is an intersemiotic act. In this interplay between a logo's visual and verbal aspects, intersemiotic translation provides a useful theoretical framework to investigate subliminal advertising messages. The ability to persuade consumers is a powerful tool in marketing, and subliminal persuasion can affect markets and control consumer behavior. The authors explore consumers' awareness of subliminal messages by focusing on semiotics, symbolism, and persuasion as key issues in the translation of advertisements. Participants were exposed to logos of international brands, and through a structured questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, they were asked to identify their form, color, logo, brand name, or slogan.

Awareness and the Use of Mobile Phones for Market Linkage by Smallholder Farmers in Kenya

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Juma Okello ◽  
Ruth M. Okello ◽  
Edith Ofwona-Adera
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Market Information ◽  
Farmers Market ◽  
Ict Adoption ◽  
Market Linkage ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Agricultural Input

In many developing countries smallholder farmer participation in agricultural input and output markets continues to be constrained by lack of market information. Actors in most developing country markets operate under conditions of information asymmetry which increases the costs of doing business and locks out smallholder farmers. Attempts to address this problem are currently focusing on the use of ICT technologies to provide market information and link farmers to markets. This study examines the awareness and use of one such technology – mobile phones. It finds for male and female smallholder farmers in Kenya a high level of awareness and widespread use of mobile phones, mainly for social purposes. This study further finds that a low level of education, the cost of mobile phone airtime recharge vouchers and the lack of electricity for recharging phone batteries are the major impediments to the ownership and use of mobile phones, with female farmers more constrained than males. A high awareness of mobile phones among smallholder farmers presents an opportunity to strengthen smallholder farmers’ market linkage. However constraints to the usage of mobile phones will need to be addressed. The study findings indicate priorities for policymakers dealing with the specifics of ICT adoption as a tool to promote rural viability via rationalization of Kenyan agricultural markets.

scholarly journals Investigation of Intercultural Competence: CDA of EFL Students’ Baseline Portfolios

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Abduljalil Hazaea
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Qualitative Empirical Research ◽  
Intercultural Skills ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Preparatory Year

In monocultural classes, Saudi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students have to acquire not only linguistic competence but also to develop Intercultural Competence (IC) when they read and write in English. This article investigates IC scattered in EFL students’ baseline portfolios collected in an enrichment critical reading class at the Preparatory Year of Najran University. IC is operationalised as intercultural attitude, intercultural knowledge and intercultural skills evident as discourses in intercultural texts. The data comprises semi-structured interview and intercultural assignment, which is an encounter discourse to intercultural text. A qualitative empirical research design was used to analyze the data through Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) techniques. The findings indicate that IC is underdeveloped. Most of the participants represent negative attitude towards intercultural communication. They also lack appropriate intercultural knowledge and effective intercultural skills. The findings suggest that EFL teaching and learning practices need to shift towards a more intercultural perspective.

Access and Adoption of Hybrid Seeds: Evidence from Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-235
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Axmann ◽  
Torben Fischer ◽  
Kevin Keller ◽  
Kevin Leiby ◽  
Daniel Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Plant Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Abstract Adoption of hybrid seeds remains low in many low-income countries. We conduct a field-experiment designed to measure the effect of offering hybrid maize seeds for purchase during a time when potential customers have high liquidity. Working with a large buyer of agricultural commodities in Northern Uganda, we randomly offer smallholder farmers the opportunity to purchase certified hybrid maize seeds at the same time as they visit the buyers’ stores to sell crops from a previous harvest. 16% of those offered purchase hybrid seeds, and average adoption of hybrid maize among those offered increases by 8 percentage points compared to a control group who does not receive the offer. Among those who accept the offer, we see an increase in the propensity to plant hybrid maize of 50 percentage points. This effect is more pronounced for female farmers than for their male counterparts. Our findings suggest that providing access to certified agricultural inputs at the place and time of post-harvest sales is a promising strategy to increase input usage.

A qualitative study on perspective of parents of children with autism on the nature of parent–professional relationship in Kerala, India

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1521-1530
Author(s):  
Rajani Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Professional Relationship ◽  
Collectivist Culture ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Information Providers

This study explored the nature of relationship between parents of children with autism and professionals who provide therapy-based service for autism in Kerala, India. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interview with 21 parents of children with autism whose age ranged between 5.8 and 17.3 years helped identify three themes related to the nature of parent–professional relationship—information, responsibility, and personal growth. There was a dearth of scheduled, in-depth, and personalized one-on-one interaction between the parent and the professional. Though parents were involved hands on in their child’s training under professional direction, they remained mere information providers in decision making. The parent–professional relationship did not nurture parent’s self efficacy. This led to parents feeling inadequate to provide for their child’s developmental needs and being apprehensive about adulthood. The customary nature of parent–professional relationship observed may be a reflection of the collectivist culture in India. The need for parent-mediated interventions and for it to focus on enabling parents to break cultural barriers that might be holding them back from partnering with professionals on equal terms is discussed. Lay Abstract This study explored the nature of relationship between parents of children with autism and professionals who provide therapy-based services for autism in Kerala, India. Given the shortage of professionally qualified therapists and educators (particularly in the case of autism) in low- and medium-income countries, parent-mediated interventions where professionals and parents work as partners are recommended as an effective means to meet the demand. However, for parent-mediated interventions to be effective, we first need to understand the customary nature of parent–professional relationship and develop the intervention accordingly. It is within this context that parents of 21 children with autism whose age ranged between 5.8 and 17.3 years were interviewed in order to understand the customary nature of parent–professional relationship. There was a dearth of scheduled, in-depth, and personalized one-on-one interaction between the parent and the professional. Though parents were involved hands on in their child’s training under professional direction, they remained mere information providers in decision making. The parent–professional relationship did not nurture parent’s self efficacy. This led to parents feeling inadequate to provide for their child’s developmental needs and being apprehensive about adulthood. The customary nature of parent–professional relationship observed may be a reflection of the collectivist culture in India. The findings suggest that parent-mediated interventions will need to focus on enabling parents to break cultural barriers that might be holding them back from partnering with professionals as equals.

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