scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE DWELLINGS ON CHERNIHIV «TRETYAK» IN 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
V. V. Ryzhiy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
City Development ◽  
The West ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Common Technique

The archaeological research in 2018 on Yeletska St., in Chernihiv made possible to understand in detailes the dynamic of development of Chernihiv region as well as to trace back the step-by-step evolution of dwelling building in conjunction with the general city development. The objects of research are vary: the dwellings, economical buildings and domestic pits, fences, defense towers, up to the burial places. Dwellings, particularly, are in focus. They are represented empirically by the two common types, that is, dugouts and above-ground houses with cellars. They are widespread diachronically — since 10th till the mid-13th centuries. The most interesting dugouts are the ones with adobe stoves of 10th century. These dwellings used to be the urban part of Chernihiv. In buildings ditches personal artifacts accompanied by the whill-made ceramics were found. The group of above-ground buildings with cellars has been built using common technique of building for their time, however, with additional constructional features. The most interesting buildings on the excavation were the buildings of the 10th century, as they belong to the beginning of the urban planning of the Tretyak of Chernihiv. During the excavation of structures the fragments of circular utensils and household items were found that reveal the material culture of the population who lived in the area. With its strategic location and protected by natural obstacles both from the east and from the west, the Tretyaka territory has been attracting people for many centuries. To summarize, the continuation of research of Chernihiv’s «Tretyak» location provided the science with rather fruitful material depicting that mass settlement of this territory (as an urban one) has begun at the late 9th — the early 10th centuries, lasting up to Mongol invasion of Kyiv Rus.

Biriai

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Gary Webster
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Bell Beaker

The materiality of forced migration and resettlement have understandably moved to the forefront of archaeological research recently, although data from prehistoric refugia remain limited. One potentially informative example is the west Mediterranean island of Sardinia, where remains of the later third millennium BC document discontinuities associated with the appearance of Bell Beaker elements in local cultural modalities. Employing an augmented version of Aaron Burke’s ethnographically based approach, this study examines the Sardinian record, first toward identifying the contexts and factors that may have induced forced migration, such as agonistic relations with Beaker-bearing entities, then toward identifying likely refugia. Diagnostic correlates are derived in terms of the material consequences of adaptations to anthropologically documented risks encountered by refugees (e.g. landlessness, homelessness, marginalization). On these criteria, the eastern Sardinian settlement of Sa Sedda de Biriai in Oliena is identified and investigated as a possible refuge settlement of the Monte Claro culture. Evidence is marshalled with the aim of discovering temporal, spatial and material patterns consistent with Burke’s model in an augmented form, emphasizing non-local source venues, homelands or pre-flight affiliations, pre-flight or transitional objects, post-flight/refuge integrative expressions, security-adapted house architecture, residential enclaves or districts and removals of iconic pre-flight cult spaces. The social identity of the bearers of Beaker material culture on Sardinia is discussed briefly.

Social Dynamics in the Northwest Frontiers of the Late Roman Empire

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
The West ◽  
Imperial Authority ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Key Topics

This volume explores the final phase of the West Roman Empire, particularly the changing interactions between the imperial authority and external 'barbarian' groups in the northwest frontiers of the empire during the fourth and fifth centuries. The contributions present valuable overviews of recent archaeological research combined with innovative theoretical discussions. Key topics include the movement of precious metals, trajectories of imperial power, the archaeology of migration, and material culture in relation to debates about ethnicity.

CONTEMPORARY DIRECTIONS OF URBAN PLANNING IN THE REVIEW OF GRADUATION THESIS OF THE NEW GENERATION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.Г. Федченко
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
City Development ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Space Projects ◽  
The City

В статье представлен обзор тематики выпускных квалификационных работ по градостроительству, представленных на Международный смотр-конкурс дипломных проектов архитектурных вузов, проводимый Межрегиональной общественной организацией содействия архитектурному образованию (МООСАО) в 2018 и 2019 годах. Проведенный анализ позволил сформулировать современные направления развития градостроительного знания по смысловым категориям проектов: технологические проекты; стратегические проекты различных уровней; проекты развития урбанизированных территорий; проекты уникальных тематик (освоение космоса, Арктики, концепции города будущего, проекты на территориях зарубежных государств). The article provides an overview of the topics of diploma works on urban planning submitted to the International Review Competition of architectural projects of university graduates held by the Interregional Public Organization for the Promotion of Architectural Education in 2018 and 2019. The analysis made it possible to formulate a generalization of topics into semantic categories: technological projects (technologies for urban planning, environmental-friendly planning, participatory design); strategic projects of various levels (the development of agglomerations and resettlement systems, strategies for the development of cities and historical centers, the modernization of transport systems, as well as projects to form the “nuclei” of economic growth); urban development projects (reconstruction of existing buildings, renovation of communal and warehouse areas of the city, development of disturbed territories, public space projects under the federal program “Formation of a comfortable urban environment”); projects of unique topics (space exploration, the Arctic, the concept of the city of the future, projects in foreign countries).

scholarly journals High-rise construction in the Saint Petersburg agglomeration in 1703–1950s

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Sementsov ◽  
Nadezhda Akulova ◽  
Severina Kurakina
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Altitude Range ◽  
City Development ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Spatial System ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The City

Regularities of high-rise construction (implemented projects and developments) in Saint Petersburg and the Saint Petersburg agglomeration since the foundation of the city in 1703 till the 1950s are considered. Based on these regularities, a single spatially developed system of vertical dominants is formed. High-rise construction in the city and its suburbs started in the 1710s and continues up to the present time. In the considered decades (1703–1950s), high-rise construction mostly performed urban-planning functions (with vertical and symbolic dominants), relying on patterns of the visual perception of man-made landscapes under development. Since the 1710s, the construction of vertical dominants (mainly temples, spires of towers, lighthouses, etc.) of five ranks (depending on the altitude range and in relation to the background development) was conducted in territories of the entire agglomeration. These dominants were arranged in landscapes of the city and suburbs with almost mathematically precise accuracy and according to special regulations. Such dominants obtained particular descriptive and silhouette characteristics in accordance with the conditions of spatial perception. In some periods of city development, attempts were made to create monuments (symbolic dominants) of specific height and include those in the spatial system of high-rise dominants as significant elements of the city silhouette.

Research on the Urban Ecological Landscape Based on the Theory of Chinese Garden City

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1236-1239
Author(s):  
Dong Chu
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Garden City ◽  
City Development ◽  
The West ◽  
Ecological Concept ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Testing Field ◽  
Ecological Landscape ◽  
The City

China has been westernized in the process of the urbanization. Because of the rapid removal and reconstruction, many strange buildings are being built and our cities are becoming the testing field, which bring a permanent scar for the context of the city. Western forms are introduced and buildings are copying blindly. The westernized Chinese landscape has no cultural foundation as it is in the west. Chinese Garden City is a kind of Chinese ecological concept expression. It is not an attempt to searching for a universal design mode or a superficial copy of nature. This is a profound consideration about the urbanization of China. It is not a reflection of the traditional style, but an inevitable result of the city development. The concept of the Chinese Garden City establishes a new humanistic platform conforming to the Chinese cultural context and promotes design to return to the roots of the national culture.

scholarly journals Kreatywność za drutem kolczastym: archeologia i sztuka okopowa z pierwszowojennego obozu jenieckiego w Czersku (woj. pomorskie)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 105-136
Author(s):  
Dawid Kobiałka
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Special Category

This article discusses the results of archaeological and anthropological research concerning material remains of a prisoner of war camp in Czersk (Pomeranian province, Poland) (Kriegsgefangenenlager Czersk). In the first part, I sketch a broader historical context related to building and functioning of the camp in forests around Czersk between 1914–1919. After that, the role and meaning of  archaeological research on such type of archaeological sites are presented. In the third part, I focus on a very special category of the camp heritage which is called trench art. The last part of this paper is a case study where an assemblage of objects classified as trench art that was found at the camp is described and interpreted. This text aims at highlighting the value of such prisoners and camp’s heritage. Such material culture is a material memory of extraordinary prisoners’ creativity behind barbed wire. It makes one aware of how every piece of trash, rubbish was re-cycled during day-to-day life behind barbed wire.

Savoring Polishness: History and Tradition in Contemporary Polish Food Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 088832542110634
Author(s):  
Agata Bachórz ◽  
Fabio Parasecoli
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
The West ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Food Media

This article examines the future-oriented use of the culinary past in Poland’s food discourse through a qualitative analysis of popular food media (printed magazines and TV). We analyze how interpretations of food and culinary practices from the past are connected to contemporary debates. We contend that media representations of the culinary past co-create projects of Polish modernization in which diverse voices vie for hegemony by embracing different forms of engagement with the West and by imagining the future shape of the community. We distinguish between a pragmatic and a foodie type of culinary capital and focus on how they differently and at times paradoxically frame cultural memory and tradition. We observe the dynamics of collective memory and oblivion, and assess how interpretations of specific periods in Poland’s past are negotiated in the present through representations of material culture and practices revolving around food, generating not only contrasting evaluations of the past but also diverging economies of the future. Finally, we explore tradition as a set of present-day values, attitudes, and practices that are connected with the past, but respond to current concerns and visions of the future.

Pre-Colombian Mesoamerica Childhoods

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Realm

Research on pre-Columbian childhood refers to all those studies that consider the different evidence and expressions of children in Mesoamerica, prior to the Spanish invasion in the 16th century. Archaeology, understandably by its very focus, has been one of the most prolific disciplines that has approached this subject of study. Currently, archaeological research focuses on highlighting the different social experiences of the past (or multi-vocality) of social identities, such as gender and childhood, and its relationship with material culture. In addition, archaeologists recognize a modern stereotype that considers children as passive or dependent beings and therefore biases childhood research in the past. Consequently, it is necessary to critically evaluate the cultural specificity of past childhood since each culture has its own way of considering that stage of the life cycle. Another problem, in the archaeological study of childhood, is to consider that children are not socially important individuals. It has been said that their activities are not significant for the economy or the social realm of communities and societies of the past. From archaeology, there exists a general perception that children are virtually unrecognizable from the archaeological record because their behavior leaves few material traces, apart from child burials. It has been since feminist critiques within the discipline that the study of childhood became of vital importance in archaeology to understand the process of gender acquisition through enculturation. This process refers to the way children learn about their gender identity through the material world that surrounds them and the various rituals that prepare them to become persons. Thus, the intent of recent studies on childhood has been to call upon archaeologists to consider children as social actors capable of making meaningful decisions on their own behalf and that they make substantial contributions to their families and their communities. In this sense, studies on pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican cultures have focused at the most basic sense on identifying the presence of children in the archaeological record or ethnohistoric sources. Its aim has been to document the different social ages that make up childhood, the ritual importance of Mesoamerican children, funerary practices, and health conditions marked in children’s bones as well as the different material and identity expressions of childhood through art and its associated material culture.

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