Role of gene polymorphisms in gastric cancer and its precursor lesions: Current knowledge and perspectives in Latin American countries

Alice Lentz offers a brief view of the role of the Americas Fund for Independent Universities (AFIU) in relation to significant initiatives in various Latin American countries. In a region where the function and development of private higher education institutions is especially important, the focus of the AFIU's activities is on private universities' ability to provide trained business leaders with the skills necessary to meet the challenges of enterprise growth in these developing economies. She mentions in particular the strengthening of financing capabilities within the university, and the evolution of three-way partnerships among business corporations, AFIU, and universities in Latin America.

Download Full-text

Role of Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms and Interactions with Environmental Factors in Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer in Kashmir Valley

Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽

10.1007/s12029-009-9072-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 40 (1-2) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Manzoor A. Malik ◽

Rohit Upadhyay ◽

Rama D. Mittal ◽

Showket A. Zargar ◽

Dinesh R. Modi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Kashmir Valley ◽

Enzyme Gene ◽

Metabolizing Enzyme

Download Full-text

Job flexibility and job satisfaction among Mexican professionals: a socio-cultural explanation

Employee Relations ◽

10.1108/er-12-2016-0236 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 921-942 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Miguel A. Baeza ◽

Jorge A. Gonzalez ◽

Yong Wang

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Latin American ◽

Content Type ◽

Women Employees ◽

Mexican Society ◽

Job Flexibility ◽

Cultural Explanation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Latin American Countries

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study how job flexibility influences job satisfaction among Mexican professionals, and focus on the role of key socio-cultural moderators relevant to Mexican society. Design/methodology/approach The paper explore how this relationship may be more important for women, employees with dependents such as children and elder parents and younger generations of professionals (e.g. Millennials). Findings The authors find that job flexibility is positively related to job satisfaction. This relationship is stronger for employees without dependents, as well as for younger generations of professionals (e.g. Millennials). Surprisingly, the relationship between job flexibility and job satisfaction does not differ by gender. The findings explain why job flexibility is more conductive to job satisfaction for employees without dependents, who tend to belong to younger generations. Originality/value Overall, the findings present important implications for managing job flexibility in Mexico and other Latin American countries, particularly for younger professionals.

Download Full-text

Checklist of the oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of the Republic of Colombia

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5087.1.2 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 5087 (1) ◽

pp. 35-58

Author(s):

ANDRÉS A. SALAZAR-FILLIPPO ◽

LADISLAV MIKO

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Oribatid Mites ◽

The Past ◽

Real Community ◽

The Republic ◽

Latin American Countries

This checklist of oribatid mites of the Republic of Colombia compiles and provides a taxonomic update of all records known up to 2020. It includes 192 entries accounting for 68 named and 47 unnamed species belonging to 73 genera and 58 families of non-astigmatid oribatid mites. Specimens from the brachypyline supercohort were dominant (54.7%), followed by Mixonomata (30.7%). However, current knowledge is far from being complete and distribution patterns show large gaps throughout the country due to this lacking knowledge and most existing investigations only include group specific studies that prevent from any conclusions regarding the real community composition of oribatids in Colombia. From 32 political-administrative departments, oribatids have been reported in 20, but 5 account for 65% of the records. These are: Cundinamarca -including Bogotá D.C.- (24.4%), Magdalena (21.8%), Nariño (6.3%), La Guajira (6.3%), and Quindío (5.9%). Whereas most oribatid reports in the Neotropical region have taken place during the past five decades, a map presented in this document shows that Colombia still lags behind other Latin American countries. Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil, for instance, have reported the highest number of species for the region and are the only nations that possess national oribatid checklists in Latin America. The current work represents a national baseline of oribatids encouraging further study of this clearly underrepresented group.

Download Full-text

The Role of Women in the Development of New Religious Movements in Latin America

Research Anthology on Religious Impacts on Society ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-3435-9.ch016 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 346-364

Author(s):

Angel Belzunegui Eraso ◽

David Dueñas Cid

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Religious Movements ◽

New Religious Movements ◽

Religious Plurality ◽

New Religions ◽

Role Of Women ◽

Latin American Countries

In this chapter we focus on the growth of “new religions” and new religious movements in Latin America and attempt to find explanations for this growth. Although other explanations for the increase in religious plurality exist, we focus on the role of women in this development. The expansion of movements such as Pentecostalism is challenging the centrality of Catholicism in many Latin American countries. Basically, we therefore aim to answer the following question: Why has Pentecostalism grown so much in some Latin American countries while Catholicism has experienced a certain decline? One possible explanation for this is the role of women in this expansion, which has fostered greater social cohesion within families and communities. Pentecostalism has led to a certain empowerment of the women living in precarious conditions, affording them greater visibility and importance within their communities and giving them a role in the re-education of behaviours that are rooted in male domination.

Download Full-text

Higher Education in Latin America: Trends and Explanations

Journal of Studies in Education ◽

10.5296/jse.v7i3.11361 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miguel Székely

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Latin American ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Completion Rates ◽

Upper Secondary ◽

Context Variables ◽

Working Age ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Latin American Countries

This paper documents the recent trends in access and completion of higher education (HE) in 18 Latin American countries, and explores the relation with a series of context variables in order to verify different hypothesis about the changes observed. We find that access to HE among individuals in the working age population has risen in the region, while completion rates have fallen. Our cohort-level analysis shows that the recent expansion in HE enrollment has been mostly associated with the increase in Upper Secondary completion rates as opposed to an increase in the fraction of USE graduates who enroll in HE. Other factors associated with this expansion include economic growth and favorable labor market conditions. Nonetheless, the dominant role of “the pipeline” underscores the need to continue increasing USE completion in order to expand HE access. Since “the pipeline” effect will at some point exhaust its role driving HE expansion, our findings also underscore the need for policies that raise the enrollment of USE graduates.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Latin American Fertility in Terms of Probable Social Classes

European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie ◽

10.1007/s10680-020-09569-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrés Felipe Castro Torres

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Social Stratification ◽

Fertility Decline ◽

Social Classes ◽

Fertility Differentials ◽

Lower Fertility ◽

Ideational Change ◽

Definition Of ◽

Latin American Countries

Abstract Theories of demographic change have not paid enough attention to how factors associated with fertility decline play different roles across social classes that are defined multidimensionally. I use a multidimensional definition of social class along with information on the reproductive histories of women born between 1920 and 1965 in six Latin American countries to show the following: the enduring connection between social stratification and fertility differentials, the concomitance of diverse fertility decline trajectories by class, and the role of within- and between-class social distances in promoting/preventing ideational change towards the acceptance of lower fertility. These results enable me to revisit the scope of theories of fertility change and to provide an explanatory narrative centred on empirically constructed social classes (probable social classes) and the macro- and micro-level conditions that influenced their life courses. I use 21 census samples collected between 1970 and 2005 in Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Paraguay.

Download Full-text

The Role of PPARγinHelicobacter pyloriInfection and Gastric Carcinogenesis

PPAR Research ◽

10.1155/2012/687570 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jong-Min Lee ◽

Sung Soo Kim ◽

Young-Seok Cho

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Mucosal Injury ◽

Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽

Etiologic Factor ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

H Pylori

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that is important in many physiological and pathological processes, such as lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. Several studies have shown that PPARγplays an important role in gastric mucosal injury due toHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori). AsH. pyloriinfection is the main etiologic factor in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, understanding of the potential roles of PPARγinH. pyloriinfection may lead to the development of a therapeutic target. In this paper, the authors discuss the current knowledge on the role of PPARγinH. pyloriinfection and its related gastric carcinogenesis.

Download Full-text

Politics, Power, and the Role of the Village Priest in Paraguay

Journal of Inter-American Studies ◽

10.2307/165098 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 273-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Frederic Hicks

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Rural People ◽

The People ◽

Church Hierarchy ◽

Personal Qualities ◽

The Individual ◽

The Village ◽

Latin American Countries ◽

The Church

The parochial priests in small Paraguayan towns are generally reputed, in Paraguay, to exercise an extraordinary amount of power and influence over the people of their parishes—to a greater extent, it would seem, than in most other Latin American countries. This is, moreover, despite the fact that the church, as an institution, is considerably weaker, economically and politically, than in all but a handful of such countries. Therefore, what power the individual priest may have can not be viewed as simply an extension of the power of the church. Most urban Paraguayans, including at least some members of the church hierarchy, are inclined to attribute this situation to the alleged superstitious or credulous nature of the Paraguayan peasants. The rural people themselves, on the other hand, are apt to explain the influence of their own local priest, at least, as due to his personal qualities or strength of character, as did the Services when referring to the prestige of the local priest of Tobati.

Download Full-text

Society, Environment, Vulnerability, and Climate Change in Latin America

Latin American Perspectives ◽

10.1177/0094582x16641264 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 29-42

Author(s):

Jorge Rojas Hernández

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Political Parties ◽

Latin American ◽

Added Value ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Environmental Deterioration ◽

America Latina ◽

Latin American Countries

Historically, Latin American social development has been diverse and heterogeneous. It depends on the use of natural resources (with greater or less added value and productive diversity), the influence of social movements, the role of political parties, the level of education, and the prevailing culture. Inequality and social exclusion are still prevalent in most Latin American countries. Poverty and environmental deterioration tend to be correlated. Therefore strategies for mitigation of and adaptation to climate change must consider measures for overcoming poverty and reducing inequality. El desarrollo social en América Latina es históricamente muy diverso y heterogéneo. Depende del uso de los recursos naturales — con mayor o menor valor agregado y diversidad productiva —, de la influencia de los movimientos sociales, del papel de los partidos políticos, del nivel educacional alcanzado y del tipo de cultura imperante en las diferentes sociedades. Aún persiste la desigualdad y altos índices de exclusión social en la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos. Pobreza y deterioro del medio ambiente suelen correlacionarse. Los pobres por lo general viven en territorios degradados y vulnerables. Las estrategias de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático deben, en consecuencia, contemplar medidas de superación de la pobreza y disminución de los niveles de desigualdad social y ambiental.

Download Full-text