scholarly journals Neoseiulus tunus (De Leon, 1967) (Acari: Phytoseiidae): is this a potential natural enemy of Aculops lycopersici (Massee, 1937) (Acari: Eriophyidae)?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. ec03033
Author(s):  
Felipe S. R. Amaral ◽  
Mizael M. Ferreira ◽  
Antonio C. Lofego
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Typha Domingensis ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Aculops Lycopersici ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

This study aimed to determine the biological parameters of Neoseiulus tunus (De Leon, 1967) feeding on Aculops lycopersici (Massee, 1937). We conducted experiments to assess the predation rate of the former and its biological cycle when consuming A. lycopersici exclusively. Moreover, we assessed the preference of N. tunus for A. lycopersici concerning the pollen of Typha domingensis Pers. (Typhaceae) and Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1835, using free-choice tests. The obtained data indicates A. lycopersici is an appropriate prey to N. tunus, as it allows it to complete its development, reproduce and increase its population. We also noticed that this phytoseiid prefers A. lycopersici to the two other food sources. Though more robust studies will be needed, these preliminary results allow some inferences, such as N. tunus being a potential natural enemy of A. lycopersici.

Development and Fecundity of Orius minutus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and O. laevigatus Reared on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1735-1740
Author(s):  
Md Arefur Rahman ◽  
Souvic Sarker ◽  
Eunhye Ham ◽  
Jun-Seok Lee ◽  
Un Taek Lim
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Polyphagous Predator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Abstract The polyphagous predator Orius species is a dominant predator of thrips, mites, and aphids. Orius laevigatus (Fieber) is a well-known commercialized and effective biological control agent, whereas Orius minutus (L.) distributed widely over the world has not been commercialized. To assess potentials of developing O. minutus as a commercial biological control agent, we compared the biological parameters of O. minutus with O. laevigatus when reared on mixed stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch at 27.5°C. Nymphal development of O. laevigatus was shorter (11.30 d) than that of O. minutus (12.25 d), but there was no significant difference in survivorship between the two species. Also, no significant difference was found in either the preoviposition or oviposition periods, lifetime fecundity, or longevity between the two species. However, O. minutus eggs had a higher hatch rate (0.77) than O. laevigatus (0.71). In life table analysis, no difference was found in any parameters, i.e., R0, rm, λ, T, and DT, between O. laevigatus and O. minutus in two-tailed t-tests. In a predation bioassay, O. minutus consumed 1.39 times more adult T. urticae in 24 h than did O. laevigatus, although the predation rate on T. urticae eggs was similar between the two species. These results suggest that O. minutus native to Korea could be developed as a biological control agent against T. urticae.

scholarly journals POTENCIAL INSETICIDA DO EXTRATO ETANÓLICO DE Anadenanthera macrocarpa (BENTH.) EM LEPIDÓPTEROS-PRAGA

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Glauciany Soares Lopes ◽  
Luciana Barboza Silva ◽  
Eliane Carneiro ◽  
Manoel Lopes da Silva Filho ◽  
João Sammy Nery de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Period Increase ◽  
Lepidopteran Species ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Efficient Alternative

O complexo de lagartas desfolhadoras - Spodoptera cosmioides, Spodoptera frugiperda e Helicoverpa armigera, são responsáveis por uma considerável redução na produção de grãos. A aplicação de extratos botânicos consiste em uma alternativa viável e eficiente de controle, além de ser menos nociva ao meio ambiente e a saúde do homem. O objetivo foi avaliar o potencial inseticida do extrato bruto de folhas e casca de Anadenanthera macrocarpa, sobre as lagartas de S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, H. armigera. Os insetos foram mantidos em dieta artificial em condições controladas. Foi avaliada a ação toxica dos extratos por aplicação tópica. Primeiramente foi estimada a concentração letal e em seguida foram determinados os parâmetros biológicos das três espécies de lepidópteros. Os extratos etanólicos de folhas e casca de A. macrocarpa foram eficientes no controle de H. armigera, S. frugiperda e S. cosmioides reduzindo a sobrevivência em 75, 60 e 50%, respectivamente, além de alterações nos parâmetros biológicos como, aumento do período larval, redução de peso das larvas e pupas. Os compostos químicos presentes nos extratos etanólicos de folhas e casca de A. macrocarpa, além de causar mortalidade direta dos insetos estudados, alteram o ciclo biológico de S. frugiperda, S. cosmoides e H. armigera.Palavras-chave: Angico-preto; Spodoptera cosmioides; Spodoptera frugiperda; Helicoverpa armigera; bioinseticidas. POTENTIAL INSECTICIDE OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Anadenanthera macrocarpa (BENTH.) IN LEPIDOPTERAN-PESTS ABSTRACT: The leafless worm complex - Spodoptera cosmioides, Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa armigera - are responsible for a considerable reduction in grain production. The application of botanical extracts is a viable and efficient alternative of control, besides being less harmful to the environment and human health. The objective was to evaluate the insecticidal potential of the raw extract of leaves and bark of Anadenanthera macrocarpa, on S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, H. armigera. The insects were kept on artificial diet under controlled conditions. The toxic action of the extracts was evaluated by topical application. First the lethal concentration was estimated and then the biological parameters of the three lepidopteran species were determined. The extracts of leaves and bark of A. macrocarpa were efficient in the control of H. armigera, S. frugiperda and S.a cosmioides, reducing survival in 75, 60 and 50%, respectively, as well as changes in biological parameters such as larval period increase, weight reduction of larvae and pupae. The chemical compounds present in the leaves and bark extracts of A. macrocarpa, besides causing direct mortality of the studied insects, alter the biological cycle of S. frugiperda, S. cosmoides and H. armigera.Keywords: Angico-black; Spodoptera cosmioides; Spodoptera frugiperda; Helicoverpa armígera; bioinsecticides.

Supplemental food affects thrips predation and movement of Orius laevigatus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Skirvin ◽  
L. Kravar-Garde ◽  
K. Reynolds ◽  
J. Jones ◽  
A. Mead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Orius Laevigatus ◽  
Supplemental Food ◽  
Species Movement ◽  
Predation Rates

AbstractTwo experiments were done to examine the predation of thrips, and the movement of Orius laevigatus Fieber and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) in the presence and absence of two supplemental food sources, pollen and the fungus Trichoderma viride. The presence of pollen led to a 55% reduction in predation of the thrips by N. cucumeris and a 40% reduction in thrips predation by O. laevigatus, in experiments using single predators. The presence of fungus had no significant effect on thrips predation by either of the natural enemy species. Movement of the natural enemies was examined in a multiple predator experiment, and this showed that O. laevigatus was more likely to remain on the plant in the presence of thrips and when supplemental food, either pollen or fungus, was present. For N. cucumeris, there was no association between the presence of thrips and the mite, with the majority of the mites being found on the leaves where pollen was present. Although the single and multiple predator experiments were done at different times, the indications are that the predation rates of the N. cucumeris do not differ greatly between the two experiments, suggesting that there may be a potential interference effect between the mites, which is not present for O. laevigatus. The significance of these results for the use of supplemental food sources in biological control is discussed.

scholarly journals Oviposition preference and larval performance of sugarcane borer in eight sugarcane genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Vieira Pimentel ◽  
Adriano Cirino Tomaz ◽  
Bruno Portela Brasileiro ◽  
Luiz Alexandre Peternelli ◽  
Márcio Henrique Pereira Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Borer ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Late Stages

ABSTRACT The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most important pests of sugarcane in the Americas. The purpose of this study was to assess multiple resistance traits in eight sugarcane genotypes against D. saccharalis, including five commercial cultivars and three exotic germplasm with potential to serve as resistance sources against this pest. The oviposition preference was assessed by using both free-choice and non-choice tests. The performance of both early stage larvae feeding on the leaves and late stages larvae feeding within the stalks were also assessed. There were differences among genotypes for number of both eggs and egg cluster in the free-choice test while no differences in non-choice test were observed. There were also differences in survival of early stage larvae feeding on the leaves, foliar injury rating and stalk damage. The genotype IM76-228 was the least preferred for oviposition and it seems that leaf width had some influence on adults’ preference rather than greening of the leaves. IM76-228 and RB867515 causes higher mortality of early stage larvae feeding in the stalks while IM76-228 and RB985523 had lower damage in both leaves and stalks. The genotype IM76-228 was the most resistant to D. saccharalis and could serve as genes sources for resistance in sugarcane breeding programs.

scholarly journals Development and reproductive performance of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) using preys from wheat crop

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Pitwak ◽  
Ayres Oliveira Menezes Jr. ◽  
Maurício Ursi Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
The Third

Biological parameters of Chrysoperla externa were assessed in laboratory. The effect of the preys on biological parameters and reproductive performance were assessed when the following food treatments were provided: Sitobion avenae in all larval instars; Rhopasosiphum padi in all larval instars; Anagasta kuehniella eggs in the first and second instars and Dichelops melacanthus eggs in the third; R. padi in the first and second instars and D. melacanthus in the third instar. All foods provided satisfactory development and reproductive performance. Changing larvae food from A. kuehniella to D. melacanthus did not affect its survival. However, changing larvae food from R. padi to D. melacanthus reduced survival. When larvae were fed with R. padi (1st and 2nd instars) and D. melacanthus (3rd instar), C. externa laid more eggs than when larvae were fed only with aphids. Other parameters either were not affected, or were little affected by the diet change. Results showed that aphis are important food sources for C. externa, and this predator may also predate and develop on D. melacanthus eggs.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of essential oils for the management of Tetranychus urticae Koch and selectivity on its natural enemy Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor): A promising combination for agroecological systems

Acarologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-576
Author(s):  
Mauricéa Fidelis de Santana ◽  
Cláudio A. G. Câmara ◽  
Vaneska Barbosa Monteiro ◽  
João Paulo Ramos de Melo ◽  
Marcilio Martins de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Predator Mite

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, causes damage to crops grown in northeast Brazil. The adoption of biological control methods and curative methods (plant-based insecticides) is an essential practice for pest management in agroecological systems. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical properties, toxicity, and ovicidal activity of essential oils (EOs) from Lippia sidoides, Croton rhamnifolioides, Croton grewioides, Citrus sinensis, Citrus limon, Citrus aurantiifolia and Piper divaricatum for the control of T. urticae and determine the selectivity of these EOs regarding the predator mite Neoseiulus californicus. The chemical analysis (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) of the EOs enabled the identification of 98 compounds. The major constituents were carvacrol (L. sidoides), β-caryophyllene (C. rhamnifolioides), (E)-anethole (C. grewioides), limonene (Citrus spp.), safrole and methyl eugenol (P. divaricatum). All oils exhibited satisfactory toxicity to the eggs and females of T. urticae and were even more toxic than the commercial product Azamax. The L. sidoides oil exhibited greater toxicity compared to the other oils, with LC50 values of 0.05 and 0.09 µL mL-1 for females and eggs, respectively. All oils tested were selective to N. californicus, with RS values ranging from 3.61 to 23.28 for C. aurantiifolia and C. grewioides, respectively. Therefore, the use of products based on the EOs studied in combination with the natural enemy N. californicus is a viable option in agroecological systems for the management of T. urticae.

Age-specific functional response and predation rate of Amblyseius swirskii (Phytoseiidae) on two-spotted spider mite

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Maryam Karimi ◽  
Azadeh Farazmand ◽  
Ali Asghar Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

The lifetime functional response and predation rate of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot on eggs of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch were determined under laboratory conditions using cucumber leaf discs. Densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 prey were offered to 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 17, 22 and 27-day-old A. swirskii individuals. Based on the logistic regression, the functional response of twelve-day-old A. swirskii was type III, while the other ages showed type II. The Rogers model was used to estimate searching efficiency (a) and handling time (Th). The longest handling time (1.387±0.315 h) was observed in the protonymphal stage, while the shortest handling time and highest maximum attack rate (T/Th) were estimated at the age of seven-days (0.396±0.057 h and 60.67 prey/day, respectively). In the functional response experiments, results of the highest prey density used (128 eggs) showed that the highest number of prey consumed by A. swirskii individuals aged twelve and seventeen-days old (35.6 and 43.1 eggs, respectively). It is concluded that A. swirskii could be an efficient biological control agent of T. urticae at the middle-age of its life and at higher prey densities. 

Some physical, metabolic, and sensory components in the appetite for glucose

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry L. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
General State ◽  
Gastric Distention ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Glucose Intake ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Osmotic Effects ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Osmotic Properties

Glucose appetite in satiated, hungry, or thirsty rats was measured by ingestion of glucose and of saccharin solutions in free-choice tests. Type, concentration, and number of choices were determined with and without intragastric or intraperitoneal loads of metabolizable and nonmetabolizable sugars, urea, or NaCL. Taste and calories were evaluated as rate modulators in ad libitum feeding. Gastric distention, sweetness, and the chemical and osmotic properties of ingested glucose were evaluated as sources of satiety signals. The results indicate that: a) Taste is not a factor in ad libitum glucose intake; the caloric density of the solution is implicated. b) The satiety effect of intragastric glucose loads in independent of gastric distention or its potential osmotic effects. However, glucose intake may be related to the general state of hydration. c) The response to glucose and sucrose loads suggests the operation of a preabsorptive chemoreceptor system. The use of glucose appetite as a tool in the concomitant investigation of hunger and thirst is discussed.

scholarly journals Alternative food sources for the ladybird Brumoides foudrasii (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. de Lima ◽  
J. W. S. Melo ◽  
R. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Alternative Food Sources

Abstract The predator Brumoides foudrasii (Mulsant) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) has been naturally found in plants infested by mealybugs. In this study, the striped mealybug Ferrisia dasylirii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) and Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) eggs were evaluated as diets for the development and reproduction of B. foudrasii. Brumoides foudrasii immatures developed faster when fed with A. kuehniella eggs than when fed with F. dasylirii. However, the survival and longevity of B. foudrasii adults were not affected by the diets. Oviposition was more frequent when B. foudrasii females were fed with F. dasylirii (95%) than those fed with A. kuehniella eggs (65%). Brumoides foudrasii females fed with F. dasylirii were 2.5 times more fecund than those fed with A. kuehniella eggs. Although both diets may be considered proper for B. foudrasii, A. kuehniella eggs were more suitable for immature development, while F. darsyrili provided more nutritious resources for adult biological parameters as oviposition period, egg viability and fecundity. These results suggests that this predator can play an important role in regulating populations of the stripped mealybug F. dasylirii in the field.

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