SPECIFIC FEATURES OF PROPERTY INTERESTS PROTECTION OF THE PENAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AS REPRESENTATIVE OF A VICTIM

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Викторович Кияйкин
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment

В статье проведен анализ существующей практики защиты имущественных интересов уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации при участии в уголовном процессе в качестве представителя потерпевшего, изложены рекомендации по улучшению данной работы с учетом особенностей сложившейся практики. Раскрываются особенности уголовно-процессуальной защиты на основе материалов территориальных органов и анализа дел указанной категории схарактеристикой эффективных решений иимеющихся проблем по защите имущественных интересов уголовно-исполнительной системы (далее - УИС), материалов практики защиты поуказанным вопросам, аналитических и статистических данных за 2018-2020 гг. Обращено внимание, чтона практике имеются сложности с определением размера возмещаемого ущерба и сроков исковой давности, а также с фактическим исполнением судебных решений овзыскании ущерба в связи с финансовой несостоятельностью должников. Важной проблемой по защите имущественных интересов остается отсутствие методики определения размера причиненного репутационного вреда органам иучреждениям уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации. Обеспечение своевременного допуска представителя органа илиучреждения УИС имеет существенное значение для защиты имущественных интересов, поскольку юридическое лицо получает фактическую возможность по отстаиванию своих законных интересов лишь смомента допуска представителя - физического лица. Автором определены направления работы должностных и иных заинтересованных лиц по реализации защиты имущественных интересов УИС при участии в уголовном процессе в качестве представителя потерпевшего. The article analyzes the existing practice of protecting the property interests of the Penal system of the Russian Federation when participating in criminal proceedings as a representative of the victim, and provides recommendations for improving this work, taking into account the features of the current practice. The article reveals the features of criminal procedure protection based on the materials of territorial bodies and the analysis of cases of this category with the characteristics of effective solutions and existing problems in protecting the property interests of the Penal system (hereinafter the FPS), materials of defense practice on these issues, analytical and statistical data for the period 2018-2020. Attention is drawn to the fact that in practice there are some peculiarities in determining the amount of damage to be compensated and the limitation period. Due to the financial insolvency of debtors in practice, there is a difficulty with the actual execution of court decisions on recovery of damages. An important problem in protecting property interests remains the lack of a methodology for determining the amount of reputational damage caused to the bodies and institutions of the Russian Federation's penal system. Ensuring the timely admission of a representative of a body or institution of a penal system is essential for the protection of property interests, since a legal entity gets the actual opportunity to defend its legitimate interests only from the moment of admission of a representative - an individual. The author defines the directions of work of officials and other interested persons to protect the property interests of the Penal system of the Russian Federation when participating in criminal proceedings as a representative of the victim.

scholarly journals Initiation of Criminal Proceedings against a Particular Person as the Ground for Recognizing him as a Suspect (para 1, part 1, art. 46 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation)

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
I. V. Smolkova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper is devoted to the analysis of a new ground for recognition of a person as a suspect, introduced under the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, namely, the initiation of a criminal case against the person. The ground under consideration has caused controversial debates among criminal process scholars. The author has carried out a retrospective analysis of the legislative regulation of this ground for giving a person the status of the suspect. The paper evaluates various doctrinal approaches to its merits and disadvantages. The author also demonstartes the need for the new ground for recognition of a person as the suspect in law enforcement on the basis of statistical data, according to which more than half of criminal cases in Russia are initiated against a particular person. The study at question reveals an interconnection between initiation of proceedings upon commission of a crime and a particular person. The conclusion is substantiated that the recognition of a person as a suspect in case of initiation of criminal proceedings against him is aimed at ensuring his right to protection from criminal prosecution. However, the issuance of the order to initiate criminal proceedings against a particular person entails the possibility of implementation of coercive criminal procedural measures against him. It is shown that suspicion forms the substantive basis of recognition of a person as the suspect. The author criticises the approach according to which the issuance of the order to initiate criminal proceedings against a particular person forms an allegation that he has committed an act prohibited under the criminal law. Under this approach the assumption is made that can later be either proven or refuted in the course of further investigation. The author criticises the practice of dividing criminal cases into a judicial perspective and lacking such a perspective, which entails violations of the rights and legitimate interests of individuals suspected in committing crimes.

Damages and Losses in activity institutions of the penal system of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Тамара Викторовна Шепель ◽  
Екатерина Станиславовна Брылякова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Damages And Losses ◽  
Negative Property

В процессе деятельности учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы возникают негативные имущественные последствия, вызванные различными причинами. В законодательстве и литературе происходит смешение видов таких последствий, что приводит к неверному определению их природы, особенно в сфере снабжения потребителей электроэнергией, теплоэнергией и другими ресурсами. В итоге принимаются ошибочные судебные решения, существенно нарушающие права и законные интересы потребителей. В статье предлагаются способы решения проблемы. In the process of activity of the institutions of the penitentiary system, negative property consequences arise due to various reasons. In the legislation and literature, there is a mixture of the types of such consequences, which leads to an incorrect determination of their nature, especially in the field of supplying consumers with electricity, heat, water and other resources. As a result, erroneous court decisions are made that substantially violate the rights and legitimate interests of consumers. The article suggests ways to solve the problem.

Objectives of the penal system and problems of differentiation of convicted persons to deprivation of liberty

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Сергей Михайлович Савушкин
Keyword(s):  
Program Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Target Program ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Development Concept

Важность определения конкретных, измеримых и объективно необходимых целей деятельности исправительных учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы объясняется проблемами, с которыми сталкиваются сотрудники при выполнении функций, отдельные из которых не способствуют достижению целей уголовно-исполнительного законодательства РФ. В статье рассматриваются и подвергаются конструктивной критике цели уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, задачи уголовно-исполнительной системы (которые в 2004 г. были исключены из закона), основные задачи ФСИН России, основные цели Концепции развития уголовно-исполнительной системы РФ до 2020 г., цель Концепции федеральной целевой программы «Развитие уголовно-исполнительной системы (2017-2025 годы)». Приводятся цели классификации осужденных, которые предусмотрены Правилами Нельсона Манделы, как положительный опыт закрепления целей отдельного правового института. Высказывается позиция относительно необходимости закрепления целей отдельных институтов, промежуточных целей и важности определения точных критериев оценки достижимости отмеченных целей. Данная работа проводится для выявления имеющихся проблем, связанных с отсутствием конкретных показателей деятельности исправительных учреждений, выполнение которых должно способствовать достижению целей уголовно-исполнительного законодательства РФ. The importance of determining the specific, measurable and objectively necessary goals of the activities of correctional institutions of the penal system is explained by the problems faced by employees in performing functions, some of which do not contribute to the achievement of the goals of the penal legislation of the Russian Federation. The article discusses and criticizes constructively the goals of the penal legislation, the tasks of the penal system (which were excluded from the Law in 2004), the main tasks of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the main goals of the Development Concept of the Russian penal system until 2020, the goal of the Federal Concept target program "Development of the penal system (2017-2025)". The goals of the classification of convicts, which are provided for by the rules of Nelson Mandela, as a positive experience in fixing goals, a separate legal institution. A position is expressed regarding the need to consolidate the goals of individual institutions, intermediate goals and the importance of determining, exact criteria, assessing the attainability of the stated goals. This work is carried out in order to establish the existing problems associated with the lack of specific indicators of the activity of correctional institutions, the implementation of which should help achieve the goals of the criminal-executive legislation of the Russian Federation.

Characteristics of convicts serving sentences in correctional institutions of russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Любовь Ильинична Разбирина
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

В статье приведены данные уголовно-правовой характеристики осужденных, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы в Российской Федерации. Цель исследования заключается в том, чтобы показать влияние изменений в уголовной политике государства на изменение численности осужденных, распределение их в зависимости от квалификации совершенных преступлений, по количеству судимостей, назначенному сроку наказания в виде лишения свободы и по другим показателям. Установлено, что произошли существенные изменения в распределении осужденных в зависимости от числа судимостей и по срокам назначенного судом наказания, в распределении по видам исправительных учреждений. Анализ статистических данных ФСИН России демонстрирует, что в исследуемый период значительно возросла доля женщин, осужденных к лишению свободы, а численность несовершеннолетних осужденных сократилась в несколько раз, существенно возросли доля осужденных за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков, и численность осужденных на срок наказания свыше 10 лет лишения свободы, а также произошли другие изменения. Знание и учет особенностей уголовно-правовой характеристики осужденных в деятельности научных и практических работников будет способствовать повышению эффективности деятельности уголовно-исполнительной системы в решении задач по исправлению осужденных и предупреждению совершения новых преступлений как осужденными, так и иными лицами, - достижении основных целей уголовно-исполнительного законодательства Российской Федерации. The article presents the data of criminal-legal characteristics of convicts serving a sentence of imprisonment in the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to show the impact of changes in the criminal policy of the state on changes in the number of convicts, their distribution depending on the qualification of the crimes committed, the number of convictions, the appointed term of imprisonment and other criteria. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that there were essential changes in distribution condemned depending on number of criminal records and on terms of the punishment appointed by court, in distribution by types of correctional facilities and other indicators. The analysis of statistical data of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia reflects the fact that during the study period the proportion of women sentenced to imprisonment increased significantly, and the number of juvenile convicts decreased several times, the proportion of those convicted of crimes related to drug trafficking and the number of those sentenced to more than 10 years of imprisonment, as well as other changes. Knowledge and consideration of the features of the social and legal characteristics of convicts in the activities of researchers and practitioners will contribute to improving the efficiency of the penal system in solving problems of correction of convicts and preventing the Commission of new crimes by both convicts and other persons, which is the main objectives of the Penal legislation of the Russian Federation.

SHORTENED TIMELINE OF APPEAL AGAINST INTERIM COURT DECISIONS MADE AT A PRE-TRIAL STAGE OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Polina O. Gertsen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article deals with the problem of classifying interim decisions among those that are appealed in a shortened timeline, and determining the list of such decisions, as well as the closely related problem of determining the rules for calculating such a shortened timeline. Currently, the Criminal Procedure law provides for the possibility of appealing a number of interim decisions made at a pre-trial stage of criminal proceedings before the final decision Moreover, for appealing some interim decisions at a pre-trial stage of criminal proceedings, a general period of appeal is provided - 10 days from the date of the court decision, or the same period from the date of serving with a copy of the decision the person who is in custody, while for others a shortened timeline is 3 days from the date of the decision. Meanwhile, it follows from the literal interpretation of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation that within a shortened three-day period, court decisions on the election of preventive measures in the form of a ban on certain actions, bail, house arrest, detention, the refusal to apply them or extend their application can be appealed. At the same time, such a conclusion is not confirmed either in the positions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation or in judicial practice. Based on the analysis of the criminal procedure law, the position of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts of the Russian Federation, scientific literature and practice, several problems are highlighted. Thus, the author states the discrepancy between the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation and the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation when it comes to establishing the terms for appealing the court decision on a preventive measure in the form of bail. In addition, there is no single criterion for establishing shortened deadlines for appealing interim decisions, and there-fore, the list of such decisions requires analysis. In addition, the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation does not contain a norm that determines the rules for calculating daily terms. The author formulates several proposals for amendments. It is proposed to determine the criteria for a shortened appeal timeline as the restriction of the constitutional right to liberty and immunity of a person that requires the immediate judicial review of the lawfulness of such a decision. It is also necessary to correct the phrasing of Article 106 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, which defines the procedure for applying a preventive measure in the form of bail, and establish the rule that appeal against such an interim court decision is filed according to the rules of Chapter 45.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code within ten days. The list of court decisions which must be appealed in a shortened timeline must be expanded by a court decision on putting a suspect or an accused into a medical organization providing medical or psychiatric care in hospital settings for forensic examination, as well as the extension of a person’s stay in a medical organization. In addition, the author has analyzed the approaches to the calculation of daily terms and proposes to amend Part 1 of Article 128 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation by establishing a single procedure for calculating daily terms, which does not take into account the day that served as a starting point of the term.

scholarly journals Prohibition of Certain Acts and Stipulated Prohibitions in Combination with Bail and House Arrest: First Six Months of Instrumentation

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Larkina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
House Arrest ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
The Russian Federation

Based on the study of court decisions, the article analyzes the first judicial-investigative practice of applying innovations in the system of procedural coercive measures — preventive measures in the form of a ban on certain actions, as well as bail and house arrest in combination with the prohibitions provided for in part 6 of article 105.1 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study were 40 court decisions made by district and higher courts of 17 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The author analyzes these decisions on preventive measures, the initiators of their election, the crimes charged with the accused, the stages of criminal proceedings at which they were taken. Decisions on the election of a ban on certain actions are analyzed according to the criteria: the number of simultaneous prohibitions; the time allowed to leave the premises; the places that the accused is forbidden to visit; the persons with whom they are forbidden to communicate. The analysis of the resolutions on the election of bail and house arrest with simultaneous establishment of certain prohibitions showed that the courts do not always properly motivate their decisions, subjected to defendants not covered by section 6 of article 105.1 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation prohibitions, permitted the defendants to take actions that do not provide their isolation from society. The data given in the article are accompanied by the author’s comments and references to the decisions set in the State automated system of the Russian Federation “Justice”. At the end of the study, the author provides conclusions and proposes to adjust in the near future the judicial practice of application of preventive measures following appropriate explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, taking into account the changes made to the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation by the Federal law of 18.04.2018 No. 72-FZ.

scholarly journals Problematic Issues of Protection of Rights and Legitimate Interests of Victims of Crime

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
M. A. Zheludkov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The Status ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
The Right

The relevance of the article is that in modern society, ensuring a full fight against crime involves including a solution to various problems in the implementation of the rights and legitimate interests of persons against whom the crime has been committed. For example, in the criminal procedure the rights and obligations of “persons involved in the proceedings when checking reports of a crime are explained under the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. Alongside it provides the possibility of exercising these rights to the extent that the procedural actions and procedural decisions affect their interests, including the right not to testify against themselves, their spouses and other close relatives, the range of whom is defined in para. 4 of art. 5 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. Such persons are provided with the right to use the services of a lawyer, as well as to bring complaints about actions (inaction) and decisions of the investigating officer, the head of division of inquiry, the chief of body of inquiry, the investigator, the head of investigative body in the order established by Chapter 16 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation”. Still this sound rule lacks referencing to certain subjects defined in the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. This leads to the fact that legal guarantees for persons who have not received the status of a participant in criminal proceedings remain declarative. The analysis of criminal cases revealed many inaccuracies, legislative gaps and contradictions, which play an important role in the fact that individuals or legal entities in respect of whom the crime has been committed do not have procedural rights to protect their interests within the period up to 30 days. The article aims to develop a mechanism for their protection from the moment of registration of a crime report by law enforcement agencies, taking into account a certain amount of knowledge on the activities of persons who were involved in the criminal process.

On the application of state protection measures in accordance with Federal law no 119-FZ of 31 July 2004 “On state protection of victims, witnesses and other participants in criminal proceedings” to persons serving sentences in correctional centres

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Александр Михайлович Киселев
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Protection

Уголовно-исполнительные правоотношения представляют собой комплекс отношений различной направленности с существенными особенностями, которые обосновываются условиями изоляции. При отсутствии эффективного механизма обеспечения безопасности осужденных все остальные отношения существенно нарушаются. В данной статье рассмотрены вопросы реализации Федерального закона от 31.07.2004 № 119-ФЗ «О государственной защите потерпевших, свидетелей и иных участников уголовного судопроизводства» в отношении осужденных лиц, отбывающих наказание в исправительных центрах уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации. Criminal-executive legal relations are a complex of relations of various kinds with significant features, which are justified by the conditions of isolation. In the absence of an effective mechanism to ensure the safety of prisoners, all other relations are substantially violated. This article discusses the implementation of Federal Law of July 31, 2004 No. 119-ФЗ “On State Protection of Victims, Witnesses and Other Participants in Criminal Proceedings” in relation to convicted persons serving sentences in correctional centers of the penal system of the Russian Federation.

THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE INTERROGATION OF WITNESSES IN THE PRE-TRIAL STAGES OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS (COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION LEGISLATION AND LAWS OF SOME FOREIGN COUNTRIES)

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
E. K. Antonovich
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Witness Testimony ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation

The testimony of witnesses represents the type of evidence, without which practically no criminal case can do. It is the significance of this type of evidence that determines the legislative requirements for the regulation of preparation and the procedure for the interrogation of a witness, as well as for the recording of evidence. This is of particular importance both from the standpoint of ensuring the admissibility and reliability of evidence, as well as from the point of view of ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of persons involved in criminal proceedings. The national legislation of modern states creates its own standards for the use of witness testimony in proving criminal cases. With all the variety of approaches, the importance of information technology in the collection, testing and evaluation of witness testimony can be viewed in the following main areas: as a means of fixing an investigative action, as a way of establishing the actual circumstances relevant to the case, as a means of ensuring the production of an investigative action, and as a means of transmitting information. Based on the analysis of the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation and some foreign countries, the paper examines the problems of legislative regulation of the use of digital technologies during the interrogation of witnesses, including remote interrogation and deposition of witness testimony. Special attention is given to distant interrogation at the request of foreign countries.

scholarly journals On the Question of the Investigator’s Algorithm of Actions During the Interrogation of Foreign Nationals Involved in Criminal Proceedings as Victims

Legal Concept ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Anna Zemskova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction: the paper discusses some features of the techniques of interrogating foreign nationals participating in criminal proceedings as victims. The goal is to analyze the problems that arise in connection with the participation of foreigners in the investigation, and develop tactical and psychological and organizational and legal measures to minimize the negative impact on the investigation of problematic circumstances. Using the method of system analysis, various investigative situations were considered and the suggestions were made for organizing an investigation based on the example of questioning foreign nationals involved in criminal proceedings as victims. Conclusions: in practice, for the investigator and inquiry officer, the participation of a foreigner in the criminal process creates the need for additional organizational measures, the list of which, on the example of conducting an interrogation of the victim, is given in the paper. The effectiveness of the investigation of crimes involving foreign citizens will largely depend on the competence of the investigator in applying the provisions of the migration legislation of the Russian Federation. The conflict – free situation of interrogation of the injured foreign citizen and other investigative actions with his participation-more favorable for the investigator, as a rule, occurs only in the case of the legal status of a foreign citizen in the Russian Federation. The use of this algorithm of actions by the investigative bodies can guarantee the rights of foreign nationals involved in criminal proceedings as victims, protect their legitimate interests and conduct an effective investigation.

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