ВОДНЫЙ РЕЖИМ ОРОШАЕМЫХ СОЛОНЦОВЫХ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ ПОЧВ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЕГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Salt Flats

Представлены материалы исследований формирования режима влажности и динамики грунтовых вод орошаемых солонцовых комплексных почв при различных способах полива, проведенные в Волгоградском Заволжье. Установлена значительная неравномерность распределения влажности почвы при поливах дождеванием. Отмечается поверхностный сток по микрорельефу до 30% от поливной нормы, что приводит к недостаточности увлажнения корневой зоны на солонцах и переувлажнению почв в понижениях микрорельефа и потере оросительной воды на инфильтрационное питание грунтовых вод.The article presents the materials of research on the formation of the humidity regime and dynamics of ground water of irrigated saline complex soils under various irrigation methods, conducted in the Volgograd Zavolzhye. A significant unevenness in the distribution of soil moisture during irrigation with sprinkling has been established. There is a surface runoff on the microrelief of up to 30% of the irrigation norm, which leads to insufficient moisture of the root zone on the salt flats and waterlogging of the soil in the microrelief depressions and loss of irrigation water for infiltration feed of ground water.

scholarly journals Water Saving and Yield of Potatoes under Partial Root-Zone Drying Drip Irrigation Technique: Field and Modelling Study Using SALTMED Model in Saudi Arabia

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1997
Author(s):  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
Ibrahim Louki ◽  
Arafat Alkhasha ◽  
Mohamed Hassan Abd El-Wahed ◽  
Abdullah Obadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Irrigation Levels

This study aims to evaluate the Partial Root Zone Drying Irrigation System (PRD) as one of the modern technologies that provide irrigation water and increase the efficiency of its use on potato crop. The effect of applying the PRD conventional deficit irrigation (CDI) on the efficiency and water saving in potato crops using the drip surface (S) and subsurface (SS) irrigation methods were investigated. SALTMED model used to predict soil moisture and salinity distribution, soil nitrogen dynamics, and yield of potato crop using the different irrigation levels (150%, 100%, and 50% of Crop evapotranspiration (ETc)). The study showed that the water use efficiency (WUE) decreases with increasing levels of irrigation water, as it ranged between 2.96 and 8.38 kgm−3, 2.77 and 7.01 kgm−3 for surface irrigation PRD and CDI, respectively, when the amounts of irrigation water varied from 308 mm to 1174 mm, respectively. The study showed that the irrigation efficiencies were the highest when using PRD system in all treatments when irrigating the potato crop during the spring season, and it was more efficient in the case of using subsurface irrigation method. The results show that the soil moisture (SM) was high in 25–45 cm at 150% of ETc was 0.166 and 0.263 m3m−3 for the first and last stages of growth, respectively. 100% of ETc, (SM) was 0.296 m3m−3 at 0–25 cm, 0.195 m3m−3 at 25–45 cm, 0.179 m3m−3 at 45–62 cm, depths, respectively. whereas 50% of ETc, (SM) was 0.162 m3m−3 at 0–25 cm, 0.195 m3m−3 at 25–85 cm, depths. At 100% of ETc, soil salinity was 5.15, 4.37, 3.3, and 4.5 dSm−1, whereas at 50%, ETc, these values were 5.64, 9.6, 3.3, and 4.2 dSm−1. Statistical indicators showed that the model underestimated yield, for 150%, 100%, and 50% of ETc. Therefore, it can be concluded that yield and WUE using PRD systems were the highest in the potato crop compare to CDI surface and sub-surface, and SALTMED model can predict the moisture distribution, salinity, and yield of potatoes after accurate adjustment.

scholarly journals Penerapan Irigasi Tetes Emiter Tali Dengan Bebagai Selang Waktu Irigasi Pada Tanaman Semangka

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Muhammad Idrus Idrus ◽  
Surya Surya
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Irrigation Water Productivity

The objectives of the research were (1) To know watermelon yield and irrigation water productivity of watermelon by used drip irrigation with nylon rope emitter on various time irrigation intervals, (2) To determined the good time irrigation interval for watermelon production by using the drip irrigation with nylon rope emitter. The research was conducted at the research field with four-time irrigation intervals were 1,2,3, and 4 days of time irrigation interval. The research was arranged in Completely Randomized Block Design. The result of the research showed that the time irrigation interval was not significantly affected yield and irrigation water productivity of watermelon. The soil moisture in the root zone at 30 cm depth of 23,23—23,88% before irrigation still in range of the available soil moisture content for plants. The average of watermelon yield and irrigation water productivity of watermelon were 5,07—5,45 kg/plant and 115,15—123,79 kg/m3. The good time interval of irrigation for watermelon production by using drip irrigation with rope emitter was 4 days time interval of irrigation.

scholarly journals Infiltration Characteristics and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Soil Moisture in Layered Soil under Vertical Tube Irrigation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2725
Author(s):  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Dan Bai ◽  
Yibo Li ◽  
Xinduan Wang ◽  
Zhen Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Vertical Tube ◽  
Layered Soil ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration

The limited quantity of irrigation water in Xinjiang has hindered agricultural development in the region and water-saving irrigation technologies are crucial to addressing this water shortage. Vertical tube irrigation, a type of subsurface irrigation, is a new water-efficient technology. In this study, field and laboratory experiments were conducted to analyze (1) the infiltration characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of moisture in layered soil and (2) the water-saving mechanism of vertical tube irrigation. In the field experiments, we analyzed jujube yield, irrigation water productivity (IWP), and soil moisture in the jujube root zone. In the laboratory irrigation experiments, two soil types (silty and sandy loam) were selected to investigate homogeneous and layered soil, respectively. Cumulative infiltration, wetting body, and soil water moisture distribution were also analyzed. Relative to surface drip irrigation, vertical tube irrigation resulted in slightly lower jujube yields but higher savings in water use (47–68%) and improved IWP. The laboratory experiments demonstrated that layered soil had less cumulative infiltration, a larger ellipsoid wetted body, slower vertical wetting front migration (hindered by layer interface), and faster horizontal wetting front migration than homogenous soil had. The irrigation amount for vertical tube irrigation decreased in layered soil, and water content increased at the layer interface. Vertical tube irrigation in layered soil facilitates the retention of water in the root zone, prevents deep leakage, reduces irrigation amount, and improves the IWP of jujube trees. This study aids the popularization and application of vertical tube irrigation technology.

Dynamics of water and ion transport driven by corn canopy in the Yellow River basin

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Kitano ◽  
Daisuke Yasutake ◽  
Tetsuo Kobayashi ◽  
Kota Hidaka ◽  
Takahiro Wajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Ion Balance ◽  
Crop Development

AbstractWater and ion balance in a corn field in the semi-arid region of the upper Yellow River basin (Inner Mongolia, China) was analyzed with special reference to transpiration stream and selective nutrient uptake driven by the crop canopy. During the crop development stage (June 7 to July 17, 2005), crop transpiration and soil evaporation were evaluated separately on a daily basis, and concentrations of NO3−, PO43−, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl− ions in the Yellow River water, irrigation water, ground water, soil of the root zone and xylem sap of the crop were analyzed.The crop transpiration accounted for 83.4% of the evapotranspiration during the crop development stage. All ions except for Na+ were highly concentrated in the xylem sap due to the active and selective uptake of nutrients by roots. In particular, extremely high concentrations of the major essential nutrients were found in the nighttime stem exudate, while these concentrations in the river water, the irrigation water, the ground water and the root-zone soil were lower. On the other hand, Na+, which is not the essential element for crop growth, was scarcely absorbed by roots and was not highly concentrated in the xylem sap. Consequently, Na+ remained in the ground water and the root-zone soil at higher concentrations. These results indicate that during the growing season, crop transpiration but not soil evaporation induces the most significant driving force for mass flow (capillary rise) transporting the ground water toward the rhizosphere, where the dynamics of ion balance largely depends on the active and selective nutrient uptake by roots.

scholarly journals Conservation and consumptive use of water with sugar cane under irrigation in the south coastal area of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
D. K. Fuhriman ◽  
R. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Weather Factor

1. Prevailing methods of irrigation in Puerto Rico can be reasonably efficient in the use of water (about 50% retained) if the systems are carefully laid out and if the irrigators are well trained and conscientious. With the standard, short-run, big-furrow, McLane methods the greatest losses are caused by applying too much water in one irrigation and by applying water at times when the soil has very little available storage capacity. At its best, the short furrow (McLane) method has a high labor requirement and is therefore rather expensive. Properly designed sprinkler irrigation has shown a consistently high efficiency of about 75%. Major changes in irrigation methods, other than by sprinkling, would require alteration of field lay-outs, land preparation, cultural operations, and labor practices. Further study is needed to determine whether some such alterations might be feasible, and compatible with high cane yields. There are too many interdependent factors to permit much change in irrigation methods without upsetting other features of the system of cane culture as a whole. Details of irrigation methods (9) and of their efficiency (8) have already been reported elsewhere. 2. Regardless of the irrigation methods used, the periods of greatest opportunity for saving water with sugar cane are the first few and the last few months of the crop season. The greatest danger of damage to the crop because of lack of water normally comes during the season of peak growth which also corresponds with the highest average temperatures. Consumptive use of water at this time averages about 0.18 inch per day compared to 0.10 or 0.12 during the first and the last part of the season. 3. Soil moisture guides appear to offer the most promising present basis for determining when to irrigate. By depending upon soil moisture rather than upon arbitrary schedules or field men's judgment it appears to be possible to increase cane yields, save water, and save labor, all at the same time. These indications are being given extensive field scale tests by Luce and Co. at Aguirre. Both mercury type, tensiometers (constructed by the BPISAE shop at Beltsville) and Boyoucos type nylon resistance blocks are giving satisfactory results. The blocks are preferred because of simplicity of operations. Normal salt variations in soil have not affected block readings. Inherent block errors and block failures have been satisfactorily overcome by using 4 or more replicates at carefully selected stations representing a unit irrigation area. Any blocks which deviate seriously from the average are removed and replaced. The resistance or tension readings which serve as the basis for irrigation have been established by our tank and field studies and by laboratory soil moisture tension curves. For soil like the Santa Isabel clay in the area from Juana Díaz to Aguirre it is not safe to let the soil moisture tension in the main root zone of cane go much beyond one atmosphere. With any Puerto Rican soil a safe tension for irrigation should probably correspond with a point which is at least 5% above the wilting point on a laboratory pF (moisture retention) curve. 4. Present field results indicate that high sugar cane yields per acre probably mean less water use per unit of crop produced. This is the basis for a field scale experiment by Luce and Co. comparing two, block-controlled soil moisture levels, each with two levels of fertilization. 5. Under Puerto Rican conditions, crop characteristics and soil moisture levels probably overshadow the influence of variations in the weather factor on evapotranspiration much more often than under climates of the temperate zone where the weather factor is highly variable. In any detailed considerations of climatic influences, the weather records from Aguirre, San Juan, and Mayagüez, indicate that differences in wind movement should be given major consideration along with hours of sunshine and seasonal temperatures.

scholarly journals Assessment of ground water quality of lahar block, Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Kant ◽  
Y.V. Singh ◽  
Lokesh Kumar Jat ◽  
R. Meena ◽  
S.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality Index

<p>In sustainable groundwater study, it is necessary to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of irrigation purposes. The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality through Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) in hard-rock aquifer system and sustainable water use in Lahar block, Bhind of district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The quality of ground water in major part of the study area is generally good. In order to understand the shallow groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 tube wells irrigation water. The primary physical and chemical parameters like potential Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>), potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), carbonate (CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>), chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>), and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) were analyzed for (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI. The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and Kellies Ratio (KR) were also derived from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (82.5%+15.0%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. Due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.</p>

scholarly journals Estimating surface runoff and groundwater recharge in an urban catchment using a water balance approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 2411-2428
Author(s):  
Robin K. Weatherl ◽  
Maria J. Henao Salgado ◽  
Maximilian Ramgraber ◽  
Christian Moeck ◽  
Mario Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Balance Approach

AbstractLand-use changes often have significant impact on the water cycle, including changing groundwater/surface-water interactions, modifying groundwater recharge zones, and increasing risk of contamination. Surface runoff in particular is significantly impacted by land cover. As surface runoff can act as a carrier for contaminants found at the surface, it is important to characterize runoff dynamics in anthropogenic environments. In this study, the relationship between surface runoff and groundwater recharge in urban areas is explored using a top-down water balance approach. Two empirical models were used to estimate runoff: (1) an updated, advanced method based on curve number, followed by (2) bivariate hydrograph separation. Modifications were added to each method in an attempt to better capture continuous soil-moisture processes and explicitly account for runoff from impervious surfaces. Differences between the resulting runoff estimates shed light on the complexity of the rainfall–runoff relationship, and highlight the importance of understanding soil-moisture dynamics and their control on hydro(geo)logical responses. These results were then used as input in a water balance to calculate groundwater recharge. Two approaches were used to assess the accuracy of these groundwater balance estimates: (1) comparison to calculations of groundwater recharge using the calibrated conceptual HBV Light model, and (2) comparison to groundwater recharge estimates from physically similar catchments in Switzerland that are found in the literature. In all cases, recharge is estimated at approximately 40–45% of annual precipitation. These conditions were found to closely echo those results from Swiss catchments of similar characteristics.

scholarly journals Insulative effect of plastic mulch systems and comparison between the effects of different plant types

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-324
Author(s):  
Kayla Snyder ◽  
Christopher Murray ◽  
Bryon Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Black Film ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Mulch Film ◽  
Mulch Films ◽  
Zone Temperature

AbstractTo address agricultural needs of the future, a better understanding of plastic mulch film effects on soil temperature and moisture is required. The effects of different plant type and mulch combinations were studied over a 3.5-month period to better grasp the consequence of mulch on root zone temperature (RZT) and moisture. Measurements of (RZT) and soil moisture for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and carrot (Daucus carota) grown using polyolefin mulch films (black and white-on-black) were conducted in Ontario using a plot without mulch as a control. Black mulch films used in combination with pepper and carrot plants caused similar RZTs relative to uncovered soil, but black mulch film in combination with tomato plants caused a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that increased as plants grew and provided more shade. White-on-black mulch film used in combination with tomatoes, peppers or carrots led to a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that became greater than the temperature of soil without mulch. This insulative capability was similarly observed for black mulch films used with tomato plants. Apart from white-on-black film used in combination with tomatoes, all mulch film and plant combinations demonstrated an ability to stabilize soil moisture relative to soil without mulch. RZT and soil moisture were generally stabilized with mulch film, but some differences were seen among different plant types.

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