Simulation kurzzeitiger Gefahrstofffreisetzungen aus Industrieanlagen/Simulation of short-term hazmat releases from industrial facilities – Challenges and possible solutions

Bernd Leitl; Frank Harms; Simon Michel; Johann Turnow; Henry Plischka; Bernd Schalau; Sebastian Schalau

doi:10.37544/0949-8036-2021-07-08-23

Simulation kurzzeitiger Gefahrstofffreisetzungen aus Industrieanlagen/Simulation of short-term hazmat releases from industrial facilities – Challenges and possible solutions

Gefahrstoffe ◽

10.37544/0949-8036-2021-07-08-23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 81 (07-08) ◽

pp. 257-270

Author(s):

Bernd Leitl ◽

Frank Harms ◽

Simon Michel ◽

Johann Turnow ◽

Henry Plischka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Short Term ◽

Industrial Facilities

Gefahrstofffreisetzungen aus technischen Anlagen können erhebliche Risiken für Mensch und Umwelt bergen und sind deshalb bei der Planung, der Genehmigung und im Regelbetrieb technischer Anlagen zu berücksichtigen. Zur Identifizierung von Gefahrenbereichen im Zusammenhang mit Gasfreisetzungen und zur Bewertung der Wirksamkeit von Schutzmaßnahmen werden Ausbreitungsrechnungen mithilfe verschiedener Modelle durchgeführt. Es werden zunehmend komplexere Berechnungsmodelle eingesetzt, die verlässlichere Prognosen liefern und helfen sollen, die Risiken durch windgetriebene Ausbreitung von Gasen weiter zu reduzieren. Mit steigender Komplexität der Simulationsverfahren steigen allerdings auch der Aufwand für die Entwicklung und die anwendungsbezogene Evaluierung neuer Modelle. Mit den vorgestellten Arbeiten wollen die Autoren einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung und Bereitstellung frei verfügbarer numerischer Strömungs- und Transportmodelle leisten und speziell die Weiterentwicklung der im Bereich Auswirkungsbetrachtungen verwendeten Werkzeuge unterstützen. Der Artikel beschreibt erste Problemlösungen auf dem Weg zur Entwicklung entsprechender, frei verfügbarer und angemessen validierter Softwaretools.

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Enhancement of a Short-Term Forecasting Method Based on Clustering and kNN: Application to an Industrial Facility Powered by a Cogenerator

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12234407 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 4407 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giulio Vialetto ◽

Marco Noro

Keyword(s):

Data Storage ◽

Energy Demand ◽

The Internet ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Industrial Facility ◽

Short Term ◽

K Nearest Neighbors ◽

Industrial Facilities ◽

Using Data ◽

Short Term Forecasting

In recent years, collecting data is becoming easier and cheaper thanks to many improvements in information technology (IT). The connection of sensors to the internet is becoming cheaper and easier (for example, the internet of things, IOT), the cost of data storage and data processing is decreasing, meanwhile artificial intelligence and machine learning methods are under development and/or being introduced to create values using data. In this paper, a clustering approach for the short-term forecasting of energy demand in industrial facilities is presented. A model based on clustering and k-nearest neighbors (kNN) is proposed to analyze and forecast data, and the novelties on model parameters definition to improve its accuracy are presented. The model is then applied to an industrial facility (wood industry) with contemporaneous demand of electricity and heat. An analysis of the parameters and the results of the model is performed, showing a forecast of electricity demand with an error of 3%.

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CHEMICAL SUPPORT OF TROOPS DURING WORLD WAR II

Bulletin of the Kostroma state University ◽

10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-2-77-82 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 77-82

Author(s):

Aleksey N. Malinka ◽

Aleksey V. Anisimov ◽

Aleksandr K. Kartashov

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Air Force ◽

Chemical Defence ◽

Chemical Weapons ◽

World War ◽

Short Term ◽

Industrial Facilities ◽

Military Equipment ◽

German Air Force

When it attacked the USSR, Nazi Germany possessed signifi cant chemical weapons. Chemical support thus became one of the main kinds of operational (combat) support. Short-term course has been created for chemical service commanders and personnel chemical specialists training. The Red Army’s general attention was paid to the chemical defence measures, to eliminate the enemy manpower, weapons and military equipment by use of the fl amethrower and incendiary means, smoke screens were used to mask. Chemical detection and the prevention of chemical weapons use involved chemical, meteorological monitoring; chemical reconnaissance was provided mostly by chemical troops. It took a lot to provide troops with necessary chemical defence means. The fl amethrowers` mission was to burn the enemy out of long-term fi re facilities and fortifi ed buildings, to block strongholds, and to destroy tanks and armoured personnel carriers. Smoke screens were used to mask rear objects, important industrial facilities in cities, railway junctions, bridges and crossings. Smoke screens masking signifi cantly reduced the effectiveness of German air force bombing.

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ASSESSMENT OF RISKS TO THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION FROM AIR BORNE CONTAMINANTS IN CERTAIN AREAS OF MOSCOW (BASED ON THE FINDINGS OF ON-GOING SOCIO-HYGIENIC MONITORING)

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-3-206-211 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 206-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. V. Ivanenko ◽

Ekaterina V. Sudakova ◽

S. A. Skvortsov ◽

E. V. Bestuzheva

Keyword(s):

Total Mortality ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Short Term ◽

Industrial Facilities ◽

South Eastern ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

External Causes ◽

High Level ◽

Combined Impact

There was executed the assessment of carcinogen and non-carcinogen risks for population health in some areas of the western, south-western and south-eastern administrative districts of Moscow under the exposure to air borne contaminants whose levels are kept track by various government agencies as part of the socio-hygienic monitoring. The value of chronic non-carcinogenic risks to the health of the population as measured according to the danger index for the combined impact of average annual concentrations of leading air borne contaminants with unidirectional impacts are at near alarming or high level depending on the location of monitoring outposts while for on-off short term exposure to maximum concentrations the impacts are at alarming or acceptable level. The highest danger indices were detected at outposts located near major motorways and industrial facilities. According to monitoring data collected by all agencies the air borne contaminants pose the highest risk to the respiratory organs due to exposure to formaldehyde, air-borne particles and nitrogen dioxide. The extra deaths resulting from chronic exposure to РМ10, estimated by the Moscow Environmental Monitoring make up about 1% of the total mortality rate without bearing in mind of external causes for the population residing in the western, south western and south eastern administrative districts. The total individual carcinogenic risks resulting from the exposure to average annual concentration of a number of carcinogens was found to be between the acceptable and alarming levels. The leading compound contributing to the increased carcinogenic risk is formaldehyde.

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Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x15000928 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

Author(s):

Mary C. Potter

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽

Language Comprehension ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Visual Presentation ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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Ultrastructural Changes of Canine Kidneys During 24-Hour Perfusion on a LI-400 Preservation System

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065626 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 316-317

Author(s):

M. O. Magnusson ◽

D. G. Osborne ◽

T. Shimoji ◽

W. S. Kiser ◽

W. A. Hawk

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electrolyte Solution ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Midline Incision ◽

Short Term ◽

Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽

Pulsatile Perfusion

Short term experimental and clinical preservation of kidneys is presently best accomplished by hypothermic continuous pulsatile perfusion with cryoprecipitated and millipore filtered plasma. This study was undertaken to observe ultrastructural changes occurring during 24-hour preservation using the above mentioned method.A kidney was removed through a midline incision from healthy mongrel dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. The kidneys were flushed immediately after removal with chilled electrolyte solution and placed on a LI-400 preservation system and perfused at 8-10°C. Serial kidney biopsies were obtained at 0-½-1-2-4-8-16 and 24 hours of preservation. All biopsies were prepared for electron microscopy. At the end of the preservation period the kidneys were autografted.

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Polychlorinated biphenyl induced hepatocyte alterations

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010012789x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 716-717

Author(s):

D.N. Collins ◽

J.N. Turner ◽

K.O. Brosch ◽

R.F. Seegal

Keyword(s):

Lipid Droplets ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Homovanillic Acid ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Short Term ◽

Pcb Congeners ◽

Urinary Levels ◽

The Brain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).

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Acetaminophen: Macula densa hypersecretory activity by induced hepatotoxicity

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010012895x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 934-935

Author(s):

S.S. Poolsawat ◽

C.A. Huerta ◽

S.TY. Lae ◽

G.A. Miranda

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Liver Function ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Foam Cell ◽

Term Effect ◽

Short Term ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Experimental Induction ◽

Tissue Alterations ◽

Toxic Responses

Introduction. Experimental induction of altered histology by chemical toxins is of particular importance if its outcome resembles histopathological phenomena. Hepatotoxic drugs and chemicals are agents that can be converted by the liver into various metabolites which consequently evoke toxic responses. Very often, these drugs are intentionally administered to resolve an illness unrelated to liver function. Because of hepatic detoxification, the resulting metabolites are suggested to be integrated into the macromolecular processes of liver function and cause an array of cellular and tissue alterations, such as increased cytoplasmic lysis, centrilobular and localized necroses, chronic inflammation and “foam cell” proliferation of the hepatic sinusoids (1-4).Most experimentally drug-induced toxicity studies have concentrated primarily on the hepatic response, frequently overlooking other physiological phenomena which are directly related to liver function. Categorically, many studies have been short-term effect investigations which seldom have followed up the complications to other tissues and organs when the liver has failed to function normally.

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Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159412 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 374-375

Author(s):

D.E. Loudy ◽

J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽

J.T. Yarrington ◽

F.Y. Thompson ◽

J.P. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Induced Aggregation ◽

Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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Short-term volume and turgor regulation in yeast

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0450147 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 147-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jörg Schaber ◽

Edda Klipp

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Model ◽

Volume Change ◽

Volume Regulation ◽

Time Course ◽

Osmotic Shock ◽

Intracellular Concentration ◽

Short Term ◽

Hydrodynamic Property ◽

Turgor Regulation ◽

Thermodynamic Framework

Volume is a highly regulated property of cells, because it critically affects intracellular concentration. In the present chapter, we focus on the short-term volume regulation in yeast as a consequence of a shift in extracellular osmotic conditions. We review a basic thermodynamic framework to model volume and solute flows. In addition, we try to select a model for turgor, which is an important hydrodynamic property, especially in walled cells. Finally, we demonstrate the validity of the presented approach by fitting the dynamic model to a time course of volume change upon osmotic shock in yeast.

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