scholarly journals Effects of Preparation and Use of Keyword Lists on a Classroom Story-Retelling Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Saito

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to explore the effects of test practice and keyword use on story-retelling test performance under four conditions. Eighty-two beginning and intermediate Japanese university students enrolled in English courses were required to practice orally summarizing two passages using a keyword list and also instructed to orally summarize one of two previously unseen passages without preparation. In the test session, two groups experienced two conditions that were identical and one that was different. Both groups retold one practiced passage with keywords at hand and a new passage without a keyword list. Group 1 retold another practiced passage with the keyword list withheld, whereas Group 2 read an additional new passage, made a keyword list, and retold it with the keyword list but without practice. Test practice was found to improve performance, but keyword list use induced better performance only when used with practice. テスト準備とキーワードリストは口頭要約テストに役立つか。この研究はテスト準備とキーワードリストの使用が口頭での要約テストに役立つかを調査することを目的とした。日本人大学生(初中級者)2グループ(計82名)が二つの同一条件と一つの異なる条件でそれぞれ英文要約を行った(計三条件づつ)。参加者は予め二種の英文が渡され、キーワードリストを作って練習をするように指示された。また、その場で新しい英文の要約を行うことも指示された。試験当日、両グループともまず練習した英文をリストとともに要約し、その後新しい英文の要約も行った。グループ1はさらに、準備したキーワードリストなしで練習した英文の要約を行った。グループ2はその場で新しい英文を読み、キーワードリストを作って要約を行った。結果として、練習したほうが、練習をしていない場合より良いが、キーワードリストは練習した場合のみに有効であることがわかった。

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Gorman ◽  
Rod Ellis

Abstract There has been little research investigating the effects of form-focused instruction (FFI) on the second language acquisition of children. This article reports a quasi-experimental study of integrated form-focused instruction for 33 children aged 9–12 years. They completed four dictogloss tasks designed to elicit the use of the Present Perfect Tense and received instruction consisting of either explicit metalinguistic explanation (group 1), direct written correction (group 2) or no form-focused instruction (the comparison group) between performing the tasks. Accuracy in the production of the target structure across the four tasks was variable and showed no improvement from the first to the last. Nor were there any statistically significant differences in accuracy among the three groups. The results support some earlier studies of young children (e.g. Fazio, 2001) that have failed to show that FFI benefits young children. This may be because children fail to make use of their metalinguistic knowledge of grammatical features when undertaking meaning-focused writing tasks.


2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Irfan Sugianto ◽  
M. Ilyas

The use of natural mouthwash has been developed; honey is one of them. In the Holy Qur'an has mentioned that honeyis the recommended drug for treating various diseases. Honey has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-oxidant effects.This study aims to determine the effectiveness of wild honey solution 15% to the number of colonies of bacteria insaliva. In the quasi-experimental research design with pre and posttest design with control group, the samples weredivided into two groups. Group 1 is the group that rinsing with a solution of wild honey, and group 2 as the control,gargling with mouthwash containing 1% povidone iodine. The results showed that in group 1, the average number ofbacterial colonies was 233.3 CFU/ml before rinsing to 183.8 CFU/ml after rinsing (p<0.05). It is concluded thatrinsing with a solution of 15% wild honey effectively reduce the number of colonies of bacteria in saliva.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Martina Napratilora

Abstract: The aim of the study wasto find out whether there is any significant difference between students’ reading comprehension using Save the Last Word for Me strategy and students’ reading comprehension using Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) strategy through assessment of their reading comprehension. The study utilized Quasi Experimental Design Non-equivalent Pre-test and Post-test Group Design. The participants of the study comprised 76, year two students of Junior High School 1 Teluk Pinang. Save the Last Word for Me and Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) strategies were used on two experimental groups which experimental group 1 (n= 38) using Save the Last Word for Me strategy and experimental group 2 (n= 38) using Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) strategy. Data were collected using pre-test and posttest of students’ reading comprehension test. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The finding showed significant difference in reading comprehension score between the experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 through Save the Last Word for Me and Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) strategies.   Key Words: Save the Last Word for Me strategy, Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) strategy, Students’ Reading Comprehension,   Abstrak: Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemahaman membaca siswa menggunakan strategi Save the Last Word for Me dan Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kuasi-eksperiment atau perbandingan eksperimen dengan menggunakan pre-test-posttest design. Penelitian ini melibatkan 76 peserta yang terdiri dari kelompok eksperimen 1 dan kelompok eksperimen 2 dari siswa SMPN 1 Teluk Pinang. StrategiSave the Last Word for MedanListen-Read-Discuss (LRD)digunakanpadaduakelasexperimen yang manakelasexperimen 1 dengan sample 38 siswamenggunakan strategy Save the Last Word for Me dankelasexperimen 2 dengan sample 38 siswamenggunakanstrategiListen_Read-Discuss (LRD). Pengumpulan data melalui test pemahamankemampuanmembacasiswamelalui pre-test dan post-test. Data kuantitativedianalisamenggunakan descriptive dan inferential statistic.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari nilaipemahamanmembacasiswaantarakelasexperimen 1 dan experiment 2 melaluistrategi Save the Last Word for Me and Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD).   Kata kunci: starategi Save the Last Word for Me, strategi Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) dan pemahaman membaca siswa.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Anita Asrani ◽  
Achamma Varghese ◽  
Balkishan Sharma ◽  
Anil Kumar Jain

Background: Breast milk is a combination of food and medicine tailor made to meet the requirements of the new born, is extremely easy to digest and is therefore the perfect first food for the new born.Aims and Objectives: Authors evaluated 60 postnatal mothers of new born babies to determine the effectiveness of back massage as compared to cumin seeds laddo techniques on improving lactation. Materials and Methods: A quasi experimental study designed among sixty postnatal mothers to observe the effectiveness of methods of improving lactation randomly dived into two groups. Subjects of group 1 received back massage while cumin seed laddoo provided to subjects of group 2. The ethical clearance was obtaines. Data recorded at baseline (pretest) and for three successive days, 1, 2 and 3 post administration (post-test).Results: 83.3% of the post natal mothers of group 1 (n1=30) and 86.7% of group 2 (n2=30) observed without any previous problem in breast feeding. The appearance of stool found to be associated significantly post administration on day 2 (p<0.003) and day 3 (p<0.006) with used techniques. On day 3, 63.3% noticed with good category received back massage against 40.0% administered cumin seed laddo. Mean birth weight of baby (2681.33±260.89 gram) at post-test of group 1 was higher than group 2 (2607.00±402.19 gram). Differences in mean number of nappies wetted, number of feed and time taken by the baby between groups on days 2 and 3 were highly significant (p<0.001). Average total post-test scoring were statistically significant on day 3 (p<0.05). However, back massage was more effective than cumin seed laddo.Conclusion: This study supports the view of improvement in lactation among post natal mother incorporated to good health of new born by administering back massage. In the Indian context, there are many studies carried out on improvement in lactation among post natal mothers but none of the study demonstrated comparison between two lactation techniques.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(1) 2018 41-49


2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM PERRY ◽  
ERIC G. POTTERAT ◽  
DAVID L. BRAFF

Patients with schizophrenia have Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) deficits, which are commonly interpreted as reflecting frontal cortex-based executive dysfunction. One means of assessing the refractoriness of frontal-executive impairment is to utilize a training or modification strategy to improve WCST performance. In this study, 73 patients with schizophrenia were assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Group 1 received the standard WCST instructions for 64 cards (Condition 1). For the second 64-card deck, the patients were asked to verbalize the reason that they placed the card where they did after each sort (Condition 2). Group 2 received this modified instruction 1st (Condition 1) and then the standard instructions for the second deck (Condition 2). A group of normal comparison participants was also tested using standard instructions alone. Group 2 committed significantly fewer perseverative responses than did Group 1. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between Group 2 (Condition 1) and the normal participants. Group 1's performance improved when patients were exposed to the modified instructions (Condition 2). Additionally, poor premorbid factors and disorganized symptoms were associated with decreased benefit from the modified instructions across both groups. Cumulatively, these data suggest that a simple instruction may enhance executive function and impact WCST performance in patients with schizophrenia. (JINS, 2001, 7, 344–352.)


Author(s):  
Fernando Calatayud-Sáez ◽  
BLANCA CALATAYUD ◽  
Ana Calatayud-Moscoso del Prado ◽  
Mónica Luque-Navas ◽  
JOSE G FERNANDEZ-PACHECO ◽  
...  

Introduction: There is an increasing amount of data relating the dietetic pattern to health variables, although data concerning the child population are scarce. The aim of the study is to assess the effects of affinity to the Traditional Mediterranean Diet (TMD) pattern, together with breastfeeding, on the incidence of childhood asthma and inflammatory and recurrent diseases in children under two years of age. Methods: Quasi-experimental intervention study, where breastfeeding was promoted and following the TMD pattern was offered. The incidence of morbidity was evaluated and correlated with the dietary patterns which were followed. According to their adhesion to the TMD-Breastfed Test patients were classified into two groups: Group-1 (greater affinity) and Group-2 (lower affinity). Results: The score of the TMD-Breastfed Test was optimal in group-1 and good in group-2. It shows a marked reduction in both consultation groups “on request” compared with “planned”, with low morbidity and low use of antibiotics. The incidence of infectious diseases and bacterial complications shows a clinically relevant difference between both groups. The incidence of childhood asthma was greater in group-2, with less adherence to breastfeeding. Conclusions: In these cohorts of breastfed patients with good adherence to TMD patterns, there was evidence of a low incidence of infectious diseases and childhood asthma, more pronounced in the breastfed group. Adapted milk and other foodstuffs of animal origin have been linked to being able to cause inflammatory and recurrent diseases, as their dietary limitations have contributed to decreasing morbidity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1001
Author(s):  
Abid Mushtaq ◽  
Saba Zartash ◽  
Muhammad Javed ◽  
M Asim Rana ◽  
M A Qayyum ◽  
...  

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Ivermectin in COVID 19 infection in terms of virus clearance and symptomatic improvement. Study design: Prospective Quasi experimental study Place and duration of study: Study was carried out in COVID treatment units of Services Institute of Medical Sciences and Bahria International Hospital COVID treatment centre from April 15, 2020 to November 30, 2020 Methodology: One hundred COVID19 confirmed patients for this study and divided into 2 groups. Both groups were given standard treatment including Oxygen, therapeutic anticoagulation and hydroxychloroquine therapies. Group-1 was given Ivermectin for 6 days and group 2 didn’t receive Ivermectin. Results: The significance value represented as p value (p=.825) was greater than the table value at 0.05 in all aspects, which shows that Ivermectin has no effect in improving PF ratio in COVID19 patients. Out of 50 only 4 patients who received Ivermectin got COVID19 PCR negative after 6 days but on the other hand 3 patients who did not receive Ivermectin also got their PCR negative after 6 days of treatment. Conclusion: Ivermectin does not seem to be effective in improvement of PF ratio and virus clearance in COVID19 patients. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, PF ratio, Ivermectin, Virus clearance, Anti-viral treatment, Viral clearance


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suaebah Suaebah ◽  
Ayu Rafiony

                                                  ABSTRACTThis research aims to determine the effect of nutritional counseling in the form of booklets towards knowledge, consumption of energy and protein of children in elementary school. This research is a quasi-experimental design with a controlled group pre-post test. This research was conducted in August-September, 2017. The study population was students of 5A and 5B grades of SDN 16 East Pontianak. The samples are 24 children, each group consist of 8 children by randomly sampling. Group 1 was given nutrition counseling with booklet media once a month, group 2 was given twice a month and group 3 was given 3 times a month. Data analysis used paired t-test and independent test. The results showed that knowledge of group 1 increased by 11.0%, group 2 increased by 11.0% and group 3 increased by 10.5%. Energy consumption in group 1 increased to 1270.6 calories, group 2 decreased to 1310.7 calories, and group 3 increased to 1204.2 calories. Protein consumption in group 1 increased to 43.9 gr/day, group 2 increased to 48.5 gr/day, group 3 increased to 39.4 gr/day. In conclusion, the mean score of knowledge in each group significantly increased before and after the intervention as well as energy and protein intake. However, there was no difference before and after the intervention. Counseling about healthy breakfast is needed so that student nutrition can be fulfilled.Keywords: Booklet, Nutrition Knowledge, Energy, protein


Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Annweiler ◽  
Mathieu Corvaisier ◽  
Jennifer Gautier ◽  
Vincent Dubée ◽  
Erick Legrand ◽  
...  

Background. The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to determine whether bolus vitamin D supplementation taken either regularly over the preceding year or after the diagnosis of COVID-19 was effective in improving survival among hospitalized frail elderly COVID-19 patients. Methods. Seventy-seven patients consecutively hospitalized for COVID-19 in a geriatric unit were included. Intervention groups were participants regularly supplemented with vitamin D over the preceding year (Group 1), and those supplemented with vitamin D after COVID-19 diagnosis (Group 2). The comparator group involved participants having received no vitamin D supplements (Group 3). Outcomes were 14-day mortality and highest (worst) score on the ordinal scale for clinical improvement (OSCI) measured during COVID-19 acute phase. Potential confounders were age, gender, functional abilities, undernutrition, cancer, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, glycated hemoglobin, number of acute health issues at admission, hospital use of antibiotics, corticosteroids, and pharmacological treatments of respiratory disorders. Results. The three groups (n = 77; mean ± SD, 88 ± 5 years; 49% women) were similar at baseline (except for woman proportion, p = 0.02), as were the treatments used for COVID-19. In Group 1 (n = 29), 93.1% of COVID-19 participants survived at day 14, compared to 81.2% survivors in Group 2 (n = 16) (p = 0.33) and 68.7% survivors in Group 3 (n = 32) (p = 0.02). While considering Group 3 as reference (hazard ratio (HR) = 1), the fully-adjusted HR for 14-day mortality was HR = 0.07 (p = 0.017) for Group 1 and HR = 0.37 (p = 0.28) for Group 2. Group 1 had longer survival time than Group 3 (log-rank p = 0.015), although there was no difference between Groups 2 and 3 (log-rank p = 0.32). Group 1, but not Group 2 (p = 0.40), was associated with lower risk of OSCI score ≥5 compared to Group 3 (odds ratio = 0.08, p = 0.03). Conclusions. Regular bolus vitamin D supplementation was associated with less severe COVID-19 and better survival in frail elderly.


2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1559-1579
Author(s):  
Suzan Verweij ◽  
Bouke S. J. Wartna ◽  
Nikolaj Tollenaar ◽  
Marinus G. C. J. Beerthuizen

This article provides an evaluation of the effectiveness of the “CoVa” cognitive skills training program. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare the known reoffending behavior of 2,229 CoVa participants with that of two control groups of offenders: (1) one formed using the inclusion criteria of the program, and (2) one formed using propensity score matching (PSM). Outcome measures included the prevalence, frequency, and impact of new, adjudicated crimes, with the impact defined as the combined severity of the offenses. Results indicated that the participants in the CoVa group were reconvicted less frequently than those in Control Group 1. Moreover, the impact of their recidivism was lower than the impact of those of Control Group 2. However, the effect sizes were very small, and no significant differences were found regarding reconviction prevalence. Explanations for the absence of (large) effects are discussed.


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