scholarly journals Extensively Drug Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi Misdiagnosis In Pakistan: A Matter Of Serious Concern

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (09) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Umar Saeed ◽  
◽  
Sara Rizwan Uppal ◽  
Zahra Zahid Piracha ◽  
Rizwan Uppal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Rural And Urban

There have been several outbreaks of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi that cause extensively drug resistant (XDR) typhoid fever in Pakistan. It has been observed that many clinicians use serological diagnostic tests such as Widal agglutination, and TyphiDOT that detects IgM and IgG antibodies against the outer membrane protein of S. Typhi. However, it has been confirmed by many scientists that these test may lead to misdiagnosis against XDR S. Typhi. Due to lack of implementation strategies health authorities are unable to hamper Widal or TyphiDOT tests which are still practiced in many rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain from a Returned Traveler from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Hao ◽  
Tess Veuthey ◽  
Saharai Caldera ◽  
Paula Hayakawa Serpa ◽  
Barbara Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

ABSTRACT We report a draft genome sequence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolated from a returned traveler from Pakistan who developed sepsis. Whole-genome sequencing revealed relatedness to a previously reported outbreak in Pakistan and identified the blaCTX-M-15 and qnrS resistance genes.

scholarly journals Detection of Drug-resistant S. aureus from Poultry Samples Collected from Different Areas of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Akhter Akhi ◽  
Nantu Chandra Das ◽  
Avijit Banik ◽  
Maruf Abony ◽  
Muniara Juthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Buffer Peptone Water ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Rural And Urban

Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci that can cause foodborne illness which can be transmitted by chicken meat, both raw and undercooked; consumption of which may cause infection and/or toxicity in consumers. This current study was conducted for the detection of the prevalence of S. aureus in three types of poultry samples which included chicken meat, chicken eggs and droppings. Samples were aseptically collected from different rural and urban areas of 8 districts of Bangladesh in triplicate collection method which was conducted in the Centre for Excellence, Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to detect the Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) S. aureus. Isolation was done by using 7.5% Sodium Chloride broth for enrichment and Mannitol salt agar after enriching samples in Buffer Peptone water. Antibiogram was done by using Kirby Bauer Method on Muller Hinton agar. The current study revealed 68% (17/25), 84% (21/25) and 52% (13/25) of S. aureus in chicken meat, eggs and dropping, respectively. Around 75.47% isolates (40/53) showed 100% similarity with S. aureus from the generated Dendrogram based on biochemical data. Cefixime (62.67%) showed the highest sensitivity against all of the isolates while Penicillin (86.62%) exhibited the highest resistance. Moreover, 59.62% of isolates were resistant to 5 or more drugs (Multidrug-Resistant). Poultry products such as meat and eggs were contaminated with drug-resistant S. aureus which can cause serious health effect to the consumer. The drug-resistant pathogen in droppings helps to indicate the spread of drug-resistant isolates in the environment. Therefore, proper sanitation measures should be taken to ensure the quality of the products during slaughtering, collecting eggs or disposing of poultry litter.

scholarly journals Importation of Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Cases in Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Eshaghi ◽  
Sandra Zittermann ◽  
Amrita Bharat ◽  
Michael R. Mulvey ◽  
Vanessa G. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

ABSTRACT A strain of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has caused a large ongoing outbreak in Pakistan since 2016. In Ontario, Canada, 10 cases of mainly bloodstream infections (n = 9) were identified in patients who traveled to Pakistan. Whole-genome sequencing showed that Canadian cases were genetically related to the Pakistan outbreak strain. The appearance of XDR typhoid cases in Ontario prompted a provincial wide alert to physicians to recommend treatment with carbapenems or azithromycin in suspected typhoid cases with travel history to Pakistan.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs from the state of Tocantins: serology and associated factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Macedo Raimundo ◽  
Andresa Guimarães ◽  
Larissa Martins de Brito Moraes ◽  
Lucélia Azevedo Santos ◽  
Leandro Lopes Nepomuceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
The State ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract This study investigated occurrences of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT), along with risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, in 204 dogs from urban and rural areas of the municipality of Araguaína, state of Tocantins, Brazil. One hundred and thirty samples (63.7%) were positive for T. gondii using ELISA: 57.1% and 70.7% in the urban and rural areas, respectively. The seropositivity frequency for T. gondii observed through IFAT was 57.4%, distributed between rural and urban areas as 62.6% and 52.4%, respectively. The factors associated with canine toxoplasmosis were age and breed (p<0.05). In relation to N. caninum, 88 samples (43.1%) were positive, according to ELISA, distributed as 42.9% in urban areas and 43.3% in rural areas. Anti - N. caninum antibodies were detected through IFAT in 62 dogs (30.4%), distributed as 31.3% and 29.5% between rural and urban areas, respectively. Age and breed were associated with neosporosis occurrence (p<0.05) by IFAT. This study provides the first detection of IgG antibodies for canine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in the state of Tocantins and highlights the importance of dogs in the epidemiological chain of these diseases.

scholarly journals First Case of Typhoid Fever due to Extensively Drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Procaccianti ◽  
Alice Motta ◽  
Stefano Giordani ◽  
Sara Riscassi ◽  
Battista Guidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
First Case ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Additional Resistance

Typhoid fever is a potentially severe and occasionally life-threatening bacteraemic illness caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). In Pakistan, an outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhi cases began in November 2016. We report on a five-year-old boy who contracted enteric fever while travelling in Pakistan and was diagnosed after returning to Italy in September 2019. Blood culture isolated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi that was XDR to all first-line antibiotics, including ceftriaxone and fluoroquinolones. Empiric therapy was switched to meropenem, and the patient recovered completely. Whole-genome sequencing showed that this isolate was of haplotype H58. The XDR S. Typhi clone encoded a chromosomally located resistance region and harbored a plasmid encoding additional resistance elements, including the blaCTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase and the qnrS fluoroquinolone resistance gene. This is the first case of typhoid fever due to XDR S. Typhi detected in Italy and one of the first paediatric cases reported outside Pakistan, highlighting the need to be vigilant for future cases. While new vaccines against typhoid are in development, clinicians should consider adapting their empiric approach for patients returning from regions at risk of XDR S. Typhi outbreak with typhoid symptoms.

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