The ILO and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: labour migration, decent work and implementation of the Compact with specific reference to the Arab states region

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-320
Author(s):  
Ryszard Cholewinski
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Arab States

AbstractThis paper explores the role played by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in the consultations and stocktaking during 2017 and the negotiations during 2018 leading up to the adoption of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM). It examines selected parts of the text of the GCM, with particular reference to the ILO's mandate of securing social justice and decent work, as well as the protection of migrant workers and governance of labour migration. The final part of the paper looks ahead to the ILO's role in the implementation of the GCM, with specific reference to the Arab states region, where migration for employment is significant and the governance challenges, particularly in relation to the protection of low-wage and low-skilled workers, are especially acute.

scholarly journals Development Impacts of Irregular Migration: A Study from a Central Province in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hang Thi Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Central Province ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Migration Theory

<p>Migration is often viewed negatively in development policy terms, and much understandings of migration often portray it as a threat to social security in destination countries, however, the sustainable livelihood approach presents migration as a livelihoods strategy, suggesting that policy should, instead, support human mobility. In the current context where regular labour migration offers various consequences resulting in both positive and negative impacts, irregular labour migration, though complex because of its undocumented nature, has become the choice of many unskilled and low-skilled workers from Vietnam. This study employs a case-study qualitative approach to look at the case of irregular migrant workers from a central province of Vietnam migrating overseas for economic purposes. It applies the New Economics of Labour Migration theory and the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and brings together their shared premise of viewing migration as a household calculated strategy to sustain rural livelihoods, to explore whether irregular migration can be a sustainable livelihood strategy for the rural people of Ha Tinh province. The study finds that irregular labour migration is a household calculated strategy and, similar to regular migration, it brings about social and economic benefits that affect the migrants, their families and home communities. Although such migration is complex and vulnerable, it is well thought through by migrants and fits in the context of rural Ha Tinh as a flexible, quick and convenient strategy to gain income for the rural poor. The research also finds that the local people have established their own supporting networks and found their own ways to mitigate the risks and ensure their irregular migration is successful in terms of economic gains. The combination of an economic migration theory and a livelihood approach offers this research an in-depth discussion on the complexity of irregular labour migration and its impacts on various aspects of social and economic development.</p>

scholarly journals The ILO Stumbling towards Its Centenary Anniversary

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul van der Heijden
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Throughout the 20th century, the International Labour Organization (‘ILO’) has played a significant and successful role in the international advancement of social justice. However, in the past 10–15 years the impact of the organization has decreased. Its legislative machinery seems to have come to a standstill. Hardly any influential modern legal instruments have been developed in these years. The ILO’s monitoring system via the Committee of Experts is in danger to be weakened, mainly due to questions from within the organization. The boat that passed by flying the corporate social responsibility (‘CSR’) flag, has been missed. A powerful and unanimous signal, for instance by adopting a Framework Convention on Decent Work, is necessary if the organization is to survive in the 21st century.

Regional arrangements for mode 4 in the services trade: lessons from the ASEAN experience

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRADIP BHATNAGAR ◽  
CHRIS MANNING
Keyword(s):  
Labour Migration ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Services Trade ◽  
Worker Flows ◽  
Temporary Foreign Workers ◽  
Temporary Labour Migration ◽  
Asean Countries

The paper deals with regional policies towards temporary labour migration (or the movement of natural persons) with specific reference to the liberalization of trade in services. The paper deals with policies towards labour migration, and progress in related Mode 4 negotiations within the GATS framework, among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN. It finds that unilateral, national policies rather than regional or multilateral commitments dominate in policies towards temporary foreign workers. Despite advances on administrative issues, little progress has been made towards achieving ‘GATS-Plus’ outcomes, partly because of the lack of a strong political commitment among member countries to liberalizing the entry of foreign workers and partly because of real or imagined shortcomings in the ‘architecture’ for Mode 4 negotiations. Weak political will has led to relatively shallow commitments with a focus on skilled workers over unskilled migrants. With regard to architectural issues, we draw attention to the weaknesses of the ‘positive list’ approach in services trade negotiations, specifically with regard to the case of labour migration. However, the interpretation of the relationship between different modes of supply has also tended to inhibit regional negotiations for Mode 4. In particular, we point to the neglect of the potential importance of independent suppliers of services. It is concluded that the ASEAN countries need to place more emphasis on regional priorities and problems in seeking more open worker flows within the region.

International Labour Standards and Islamic Teachings: The Principles of the Basic Entitlement Package for Migrant Workers in Arab Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-223
Author(s):  
Latife Reda
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
International Law ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Creation ◽  
International Labour Standards ◽  
International Conventions

This article discusses the means of protection for migrant workers entrenched in the notions of social justice of both international law and Islam, and how these tools may be implemented in the creation of a solid basic entitlement package for migrant workers in Arab states. The study also shows how international conventions and recommendations on labour and decent work are no different from the Islamic principles and how they constitute a moral obligation on part of the Arab countries to implement such measures.

scholarly journals 50 Years A Slave

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 70-100
Author(s):  
Allain Fonte
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Communication And Coordination ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Philippine Government

Abstract   The Philippines has been deploying migrant workers to more than 192 countries, with a rising number that exceeds up to a million workers every year.   In 2009, the record of migrant workers’ remittances went up to 17.4 billion US dollars from 10.4 billion US dollars in 2005.  Reports showed that remittances comprise a bigger portion of the Philippines’ gross domestic product, as it contributed 10.8% to the GDP in 2005, and 11.1% in 2009.  After more than 50 years of deploying Filipino workers overseas, the Philippines should have improved with its labour policies and implementing them.  Yet, reports on abuses of Filipino workers can still be read and heard.  This paper reviews the two most controversial cases where the Philippine government had failed to protect its migrant workers by analysing its then labour policies; and how they have impacted the labour and migration sectors to ensure the welfare of its migrant workers.  Further, this research discusses reoccurring issues such as delayed services from government agencies, lack of administrative skills to process complaints and cases of Filipino migrant workers, poor communication and coordination among government offices, labour policies that do not abide by the constitution, and the unfair provisions in the treaties between Philippines and destination countries for low-skilled workers.   Keywords labour migration, migration, migrant workers, labour policies

scholarly journals Employment and Social Security Rights of Third-Country Labour Migrants under eu Law: An Incomplete Patchwork of Legal Protection

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herwig Verschueren
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Seasonal Workers ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Migrants Rights

Labour migration within the European Union (eu), as well as from outside the eu, has evolved significantly. There are more temporary forms of labour migration, such as seasonal work, temporary migration of both high- and low-skilled workers and temporary posting by employers. This evolution has led to an increasing vulnerability of labour migrants’ rights. In particular, the employment and social rights of these migrants are subject to legal disputes, as well as to political discussions. The latter resulted in the adoption of legal instruments meant to guarantee some rights to labour migrants, but which in some cases rather increased their vulnerability. This article explores the issues of employment and social protection of third-country migrant workers in legal instruments of the eu. It starts with an examination of a number of eu directives dealing specifically with labour migration from third countries such as the Blue Card Directive 2009/50, the Employers’ Sanctions Directive 2009/52, the Single Permit Directive 2011/98, the Seasonal Workers Directive 2014/36 and the Intra-corporate Transferees Directive 2014/66 (Section 2). This section also explores the interaction between these instruments as well as their shortcomings. Next, this article focuses on international agreements concluded by the eu with third countries. A large number of these agreements contain provisions which, directly or indirectly, regulate the employment and social security rights of nationals of the third States involved (Section 3). Further, it will comment on the issue of (the absence of) social security coordination between the systems of the Member States and those of third countries (Section 4). Finally, it draws some conclusions and pleads for a better enforcement of the rights already guaranteed and for a more prominent role for the protection of human rights (Section 5).

scholarly journals Development Impacts of Irregular Migration: A Study from a Central Province in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hang Thi Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Central Province ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Migration Theory

<p>Migration is often viewed negatively in development policy terms, and much understandings of migration often portray it as a threat to social security in destination countries, however, the sustainable livelihood approach presents migration as a livelihoods strategy, suggesting that policy should, instead, support human mobility. In the current context where regular labour migration offers various consequences resulting in both positive and negative impacts, irregular labour migration, though complex because of its undocumented nature, has become the choice of many unskilled and low-skilled workers from Vietnam. This study employs a case-study qualitative approach to look at the case of irregular migrant workers from a central province of Vietnam migrating overseas for economic purposes. It applies the New Economics of Labour Migration theory and the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and brings together their shared premise of viewing migration as a household calculated strategy to sustain rural livelihoods, to explore whether irregular migration can be a sustainable livelihood strategy for the rural people of Ha Tinh province. The study finds that irregular labour migration is a household calculated strategy and, similar to regular migration, it brings about social and economic benefits that affect the migrants, their families and home communities. Although such migration is complex and vulnerable, it is well thought through by migrants and fits in the context of rural Ha Tinh as a flexible, quick and convenient strategy to gain income for the rural poor. The research also finds that the local people have established their own supporting networks and found their own ways to mitigate the risks and ensure their irregular migration is successful in terms of economic gains. The combination of an economic migration theory and a livelihood approach offers this research an in-depth discussion on the complexity of irregular labour migration and its impacts on various aspects of social and economic development.</p>

scholarly journals Global partnerships in governing labour migration: the uneasy relationship between the ILO and IOM in the promotion of decent work for migrants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Piper ◽  
Laura Foley
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Global Partnership ◽  
Global Partnerships

AbstractThis paper examines the multi-actor and multi-sited character of global labour migration governance as a sphere in which various organisations seek influence on the direction of global policy via various methods. We focus on the relational dynamics between the two key organisations which engage in the governance of labour migration, yet which have fundamentally different mandates and modes for governing: the ILO and the IOM. This paper contributes to the existing literature on global migration governance and the role of international organisations by applying the concept of ‘global partnerships’ to our examination of the relationship between those two key international organisations in the field of migration. We characterise the evolving ILO–IOM global partnership as an uneasy alliance along a “competition/clash-cooperation spectrum” and argue that, in order to manage the competing-cooperating dynamics, a type of strategic ILO–IOM partnership has emerged, an alliance which has also been driven by the blurring of public and private realms in new global migration governing forms and formats. The ultimate question raised by these developments is whether this global partnership will promote or obstruct the advancement of the decent work policy agenda for migrant workers.

Labour migration and the Gulf Arab states: Some observations on the potential of the GCR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinan Bastaki
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Labour Mobility ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Arab States

Abstract Recently, there has been some exploration of labour mobility policies in the context of refugees as a way of local country integration that can help with refugee self-reliance, with some examples from Africa and Latin America. Building on these examples, this paper explores the opportunities the Global Compact for Refugees presents in the countries making up the Gulf Cooperation Council, specifically the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as related to expanding access to third-country solutions, refugee self-reliance, and responsibility-sharing. Many of the countries making up the Gulf Cooperation Council rely in large part on expatriate labour and are indeed made up of majority non-citizens. Many Syrians who have been able to obtain work visas have preferred to go to the UAE rather than seek refuge in other neighbouring countries. Some positive initiatives, such as a 2018 Amnesty Law in the UAE, which created a specific category of residency permits for those from countries suffering war and natural disasters, have ensured that de facto refugees are protected against refoulement in the event that they lose their residency. However, in order for labour migration in this context to work, there need to be better guarantees and minimum protections, such as schooling for children and healthcare.

Labour migration and its impact on employment in the Republic of Bashkortostan

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
G. V. Yakshibaeva
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
The State ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Rational Selection ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
External Migration

The problem of providing the most efficient and rational selection, distribution, use of migrant workers, with regard to both internal and external migration in close relation to socio-economic and demographic interests of the state are currently of particular relevance. Scientific novelty of work consists in the identification of factors and directions of flows as departing and arriving labor migrants in the Republic of Bashkortostan, the characteristics of the development of labour migration and its impact on employment, which allowed to identify problems and negative trends.

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