Strain differences in the mating behavior of Sprague-Dawley, Long-Evans, and Wistar male rats

The effects of immobilization (IM) stress on plasma leptin levels and bodyweight in adult Sprague-Dawley (19 males, 20 females) and Long-Evans (20 males, 20 females) rats were investigated. Following a 10-day baseline period, half the animals from each experimental group were exposed to immobilization stress or no-stress 20 min/day for 21 days. Plasma leptin and corticosterone levels were measured following stress or no-stress exposure on the last day of the experiment. Corticosterone levels confirmed stress exposure. Important interactive effects of stress, strain, and sex on leptin and corticosterone levels were also observed. Specifically, females displayed higher leptin levels than did males, regardless of stress exposure. Strain interacted with stress such that stressed Long-Evans rats displayed higher leptin levels than did stressed Sprague-Dawley rats; there were no strain differences in leptin levels among nonstressed rats. Also, correlations between leptin and corticosterone were strain-specific. Results are discussed with respect to previously unreported strain differences in the effects of immobilization stress on circulating plasma leptin and the relevance to inconsistent findings in the human literature.

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Strain differences in response of Sprague-Dawley and Long Evans Hooded rats to the teratogen nitrofen

Teratology ◽

10.1002/tera.1420340211 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 213-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Y. J. Kang ◽

L. Zolna ◽

J. M. Manson

Keyword(s):

Strain Differences ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Long Evans

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Pinning in the Play Fighting of Rats: A Comparative Perspective With Methodological Recommendations

International Journal of Comparative Psychology ◽

10.46867/ijcp.2016.29.00.06 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie M. Himmler ◽

Brett T. Himmler ◽

Rafał Stryjek ◽

Klaudia Modlińska ◽

Wojciech Pisula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strain Differences ◽

Competitive Interaction ◽

The Other ◽

Comparative Perspective ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Play Fighting ◽

Sd Rats ◽

Long Evans ◽

Experimental Treatments ◽

Pin Configuration

During play fighting, rats attack and defend the nape and during the course of this competitive interaction, they may adopt a configuration in which one animal stands over its supine partner (i.e., pin). Because the pin configuration is typically frequent and relatively easy to identify, it has been widely used as a marker to detect the effects of experimental treatments. In the present study, the frequency of pinning during standardized, 10min trials in three strains of rats, Long Evans hooded (LE), Sprague-Dawley (SD) and wild (WWCPS), was compared. LE and SD had higher rates than WWCPS rats (#/min: 6.5, 5.5, 1.5, respectively). When adjusted for strain differences in the frequency of attacks, SD as well as WWCPS rats had lower rates of pinning compared to LE rats. Both SD and WWCPS rats were less likely to use tactics of defense that promote pinning. Moreover, while the majority of the pins achieved in LE rats arose from the defender actively rolling over onto its back, the majority of pins in WWCPS rats arose because one partner pushed the other onto its back. SD rats were intermediate in this regard. Finally, once they do adopt the pin configuration, SD rats are less likely to remain supine than LE and WWCPS rats. That is, both SD and WWCPS rats have significantly fewer pins than LE rats, but a different combination of factors account for this. These data highlight the need to use a battery of measures for ascertaining the effects of experimental manipulations on play. Some suggested guidelines are provided.

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Strain Differences in Response to Traumatic Brain Injury in Long-Evans Compared to Sprague-Dawley Rats

Journal of Neurotrauma ◽

10.1089/neu.2008.0611 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 539-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Arlene A. Tan ◽

Andrea Quigley ◽

Douglas C. Smith ◽

Michael R. Hoane

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Strain Differences ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Long Evans

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Strain differences in rat liver (UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity towards androsterone

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1790483 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 179 (3) ◽

pp. 483-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

M Matsui ◽

F Nagai ◽

S Aoyagi

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Microsomal Fraction ◽

Strain Differences ◽

Transferase Activity ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Freezing And Thawing ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Long Evans ◽

Triton X

Male Donryu, Wistar King rats showed discontinuous variations in hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase activities towards androsterone, but not towards testosterone, bilirubin, phenolphthalein and 4-nitrophenol. Fresh microsomal fraction with a low transferase activity towards androsterone formed 0.049–0.080 nmole of glucuronide/min per mg of protein, whereas fresh microsomal fraction with a high transferase activity towards androsterone formed 0.335–0.557 nmol of glucuronide/min per mg of protein. The microsomal fraction with low enzyme activity towards androsterone was not stimulated by treatment with Triton X-100 or freezing and thawing. In contrast, male Long Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats did not exhibit such diversity.

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Dodecafluoropentane Emulsion (DDFPe) Decreases Stroke Size and Improves Neurological Scores in a Permanent Occlusion Rat Stroke Model

The Open Neurology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874205x01408010027 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A.T Brown ◽

M.C Arthur ◽

J.S Nix ◽

J.A Montgomery ◽

R.D Skinner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strain Differences ◽

Male Rats ◽

Saline Control ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Stroke Treatment ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Assessment Scores ◽

Permanent Occlusion ◽

Stroke Models

Background: Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe), given IV one hour after stroke, has been shown to greatly reduce the percent stroke volume (%SV) in rabbits. With repeated doses its effect continued for 24 hours. Purpose: Test DDFPe as neuroprotective agent in permanent occlusion rat stroke models in Sprague Dawley (SD) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) measuring both %SV and neurological assessment scores (NAS). Methods: The male rats received either saline (control), or one or four doses (1x or 4x) of DDFPe (0.6ml/kg IV) one hour post stroke. Treatment groups were SD (n=26) (control, 1x and 4x; n=12, 7 and 7) and SHR (n=14) (control, 1x and 4x; n=7, 3 and 4). The 4x doses were given at 1.5 hour intervals. At six hours post stroke, the rats received a NAS using standard tests for balance, reflexes, and motor performance. Then rats were euthanized and brains removed for TTC evaluation of %SV. Results: For %SV analysis strain differences were not significant therefore strains were combined. DDFPe significantly decreased %SV in 1x and 4xDDFPe groups compared to control groups (2.59±1.81 and 0.98±0.88 vs. 9.24±6.06, p≤0.001 each; p≤0.0001 for the overall test for treatment effect). The 1x versus 4xDDFPe groups were not significantly different (p=0.40). In NAS analysis both strains showed significant improvement with 4xDDFPe therapy vs. controls, (SD: 5.00+2.45 vs. 9.36+3.56, p=0.01; SHR: 7.75+4.43 vs. 12.14+3.08, p=0.05). Differences between the 1x DDFPe group and controls were not significant (SD: 8.43+3.69; SHR: 9. 33+3.51). Conclusion: DDFPe treatment provides significant neuroprotection when assessed six hours post stroke.

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Nature of Infantile Shock Traumatization, Strain Differences, and Adaptability to Stress

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1964.14.3.775 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 775-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Eugene F. Gauron

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Field Test ◽

Avoidance Conditioning ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Strain Differences ◽

Early Experience ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Infant Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Long Evans

Infant rats of two strains were exposed to two types of shock traumatization in infancy: escapable and inescapable. The strains included Sprague-Dawley rats and Long-Evans hooded rats. Animals were tested in adulthood on open-field test, avoidance conditioning, and water escape maze. Statistical analysis yielded several significant Strain × Treatment interactions which suggest that strain of the animal and type of traumatization are potential influencing variables in the nature and direction of the effect produced by early traumatization. Such genetic and ontogenetic interaction complicates the issue of the nature of the effect produced by early experience.

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Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053747 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 216-217

Author(s):

D. J. McComb ◽

J. Beri ◽

F. Zak ◽

K. Kovacs

Keyword(s):

Microscopic Study ◽

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Microscopic Level ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Prolactin Cells ◽

Light Microscopic Level ◽

Ultrastructural Investigation ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

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The Effect of Single and Triple Testicular Biopsy Using Biopty Gun on Spermatogenesis in Pubertal Rats

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1569

Author(s):

Tomislav Šušnjar ◽

Ivana Kuzmić Prusac ◽

Ivan Švagelj ◽

Anđela Jurišić ◽

Tomislav Šušnjar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sperm Count ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Study Groups ◽

Testicular Biopsy ◽

Male Rats ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Left Testis ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The aim of this study was to compare consequences in single and triple testicular biopsy by biopty gun in pubertal rats using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the experimental model. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. The rats from the first group (n = 12) received a single-biopsy of upper pole of the left testis, while the rats from the second group (n = 10) received triple-biopsy of upper and lower poles and lateral surface of left testis. The third group (n = 10) was a control group. On the eightieth day after the biopsy in all rats bilateral orchiectomy and funiculectomy were performed to obtain testicular tissue and sperm for analysis. The consequences of the puncture were observed by pathohistology, immunohistochemistry and semen analysis. Results: The results of the study showed lower percentage of sperm count (14.5 mill/mL vs. 16 mill/mL, p = 0.130), sperm motility (24.6% vs. 32.7%, p > 0.05), abnormal sperm (30% vs. 27%, p > 0.05), atrophic tubules (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), volume (1.7 mL vs. 2.28 mL, p < 0.01) and apoptotic index (1.56 vs. 1.19, p = 0.650) in the testes with a triple-biopsy compared to the testes with a single-biopsy. Semen analysis showed a borderline significant difference between the group with triple-biopsy where sperm count was lower than it in the control group (14.5 mill/mL vs. 17.5 mill/mL, p = 0.05). A single-biopsy has little effect on the testis, especially on overall fertility. A triple-biopsy showed higher degree of the testicular damage but without a significant impact on overall fertility. Semen analysis showed that single- and triple-biopsies did not have a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Biopty gun procedure is a cheap, simple and reliable method for testicular biopsy in rats without a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology.

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Stamina-Enhancing Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/09636897211035409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 096368972110354

Author(s):

Eun-Jung Yoon ◽

Hye Rim Seong ◽

Jangbeen Kyung ◽

Dajeong Kim ◽

Sangryong Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Locomotor Activity ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Male Rats ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Serum Triglycerides

Stamina-enhancing effects of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) were investigated in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Ten-day-old male rats were transplanted intravenously (IV) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with hADSCs (1 × 106 cells/rat), and physical activity was measured by locomotor activity and rota-rod performance at post-natal day (PND) 14, 20, 30, and 40, as well as a forced swimming test at PND 41. hADSCs injection increased the moving time in locomotor activity, the latency in rota-rod performance, and the maximum swimming time. For the improvement of physical activity, ICV transplantation was superior to IV injection. In biochemical analyses, ICV transplantation of hADSCs markedly reduced serum creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, and muscular lipid peroxidation, the markers for muscular and hepatic injuries, despite the reduction in muscular glycogen and serum triglycerides as energy sources. Notably, hADSCs secreted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor in vitro, and increased the level of BDNF in the brain and muscles in vivo. The results indicate that hADSCs enhance physical activity including stamina not only by attenuating tissue injury, but also by strengthening the muscles via production of BDNF.

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