scholarly journals Statistical regularities cause attentional suppression with target-matching distractors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Kerzel ◽  
Stanislas Huynh Cong
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Target Display ◽  
Distractor Location ◽  
Target Feature ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Target Matching

AbstractVisual search may be disrupted by the presentation of salient, but irrelevant stimuli. To reduce the impact of salient distractors, attention may suppress their processing below baseline level. While there are many studies on the attentional suppression of distractors with features distinct from the target (e.g., a color distractor with a shape target), there is little and inconsistent evidence for attentional suppression with distractors sharing the target feature. In this study, distractor and target were temporally separated in a cue–target paradigm, where the cue was shown briefly before the target display. With target-matching cues, RTs were shorter when the cue appeared at the target location (valid cues) compared with when it appeared at a nontarget location (invalid cues). To induce attentional suppression, we presented the cue more frequently at one out of four possible target positions. We found that invalid cues appearing at the high-frequency cue position produced less interference than invalid cues appearing at a low-frequency cue position. Crucially, target processing was also impaired at the high-frequency cue position, providing strong evidence for attentional suppression of the cued location. Overall, attentional suppression of the frequent distractor location could be established through feature-based attention, suggesting that feature-based attention may guide attentional suppression just as it guides attentional enhancement.

Spatial suppression due to statistical regularities is driven by distractor suppression not by target activation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Failing ◽  
Benchi Wang ◽  
Jan Theeuwes
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Distractor Location ◽  
Target Presentation ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Presentation Experiment

Where and what we attend to is not only determined by what we are currently looking for but also by what we have encountered in the past. Recent studies suggest that biasing the probability by which distractors appear at locations in visual space may lead to attentional suppression of high probability distractor locations which effectively reduces capture by a distractor but also impairs target selection at this location. However, in many of these studies introducing a high probability distractor location was tantamount to increasing the probability of the target appearing in any of the other locations (i.e. the low probability distractor locations). Here, we investigate an alternative interpretation of previous findings according to which attentional selection at high probability distractor locations is not suppressed. Instead, selection at low probability distractor locations is facilitated. In two visual search tasks, we found no evidence for this hypothesis: neither when there was only a bias in target presentation but no bias in distractor presentation (Experiment 1), nor when there was only a bias in distractor presentation but no bias in target presentation (Experiment 2). We conclude that recurrent presentation of a distractor in a specific location leads to attentional suppression of that location through a mechanism that is unaffected by any regularities regarding the target location.

scholarly journals The Impact of Physical Environment and Regional Image on Tourist’s Experiential Values and Feelings: An Example of Nanzhuang Area in Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Shwu-Ing Wu ◽  
Li Chia Huang
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Frequency Group ◽  
Experiential Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Independent Variables

With the booming global tourism activities, many countries around the world are actively promoting regional tourism. Thus, understanding the tourists’ needs is important in developing tourism promotion strategies. With Nanzhuang Township, Miaoli County as the case study, this paper discusses the influence of the two independent variables, the tangible physical environment and the intangible regional image, tourists’ experiential value and the feelings after tourism. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on tourists who have visited Nanzhuang Township, Miaoli County, by convenience sampling, in order to construct the model of regional experience marketing effect. A total of 743 effective samples were retrieved. After analysis by structural equation modeling (SEM), it is found that: (1) the physical environment has a positive and significant influence on the tourists’ experiential value; (2) regional image has a positive and significant influence on the tourist’s experiential value; (3) the experiential value has a positive and significant influence on satisfaction; (4) satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on trust and commitment; (5) trust has no significant influence on commitment. Regarding the two independent variables, regional image has more influence. In addition, after comparing the group models by clustering with the high and low frequency of the number of visits, it is found that there are some differences between the high frequency group and the low frequency group, where the regional image of the high frequency group has a greater influence on the experiential value and the physical environment of the low frequency group has a greater influence on the experiential value. The findings can serve as reference for the local government and the tourism operators to develop regional marketing strategies.

Feature Analysis of Mechanical Fault Signals Based on the Wavelet Transform Technique

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 2502-2505
Author(s):  
Bing Cheng Wang ◽  
Zhao Hui Ren
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Amplitude Spectrum ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Oil Whip ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Quantitative Manner ◽  
Beat Phenomenon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Simulated four different fault signals in the lab, the authors then used wavelet scalogram and amplitude spectrum to make analysis on the above four fault signals and abstract each spectrum characteristics. Wavelet scalogram was able to extract the characteristic’s frequency, show the impact components caused by rub-impact, show the beat phenomenon caused by oil whip and show the irreducible high frequency components as well as the complex low-frequency components. Amplitude spectrum was able to show the energy size distribution at various frequency bands and able to analyze and calculate the relationship between various frequency components. Thus they express the relationship between various frequency banks from a quantitative manner. Therefore, combining the wavelet scalogram and amplitude spectrum when making analysis, as they complement and verify each other, it will enhance the reliability when extract and analyze the characteristics of fault signal.

scholarly journals Tracking the impact of COVID-19 on economic inequality at high frequency

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249121
Author(s):  
Oriol Aspachs ◽  
Ruben Durante ◽  
Alberto Graziano ◽  
Josep Mestres ◽  
Marta Reynal-Querol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wage Cuts ◽  
Fine Tune

Pandemics have historically had a significant impact on economic inequality. However, official inequality statistics are only available at low frequency and with considerable delay, which challenges policymakers in their objective to mitigate inequality and fine-tune public policies. We show that using data from bank records it is possible to measure economic inequality at high frequency. The approach proposed in this paper allows measuring, timely and accurately, the impact on inequality of fast-unfolding crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying this approach to data from a representative sample of over three million residents of Spain we find that, absent government intervention, inequality would have increased by almost 30% in just one month. The granularity of the data allows analyzing with great detail the sources of the increases in inequality. In the Spanish case we find that it is primarily driven by job losses and wage cuts experienced by low-wage earners. Government support, in particular extended unemployment insurance and benefits for furloughed workers, were generally effective at mitigating the increase in inequality, though less so among young people and foreign-born workers. Therefore, our approach provides knowledge on the evolution of inequality at high frequency, the effectiveness of public policies in mitigating the increase of inequality and the subgroups of the population most affected by the changes in inequality. This information is fundamental to fine-tune public policies on the wake of a fast-moving pandemic like the COVID-19.

Layout Effects on High Frequency and Noise Parameters in MOSFETs

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Asmaa Nur Aqilah Zainal Badri ◽  
Norlaili Mohd Noh ◽  
Shukri Bin Korakkottil Kunhi Mohd ◽  
Asrulnizam Abd Manaf ◽  
Arjuna Marzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Noise Figure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Noise Parameters ◽  
Trench Isolation ◽  
Gate Resistance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rf Noise ◽  
Better Than

<p>This study reviews related studies on the impact of the layout dependent effects on high frequency and RF noise parameter performances, carried out over the past decade. It specifically focuses on the doughnut and multi- finger layouts. The doughnut style involves the polygonal and the 4- sided techniques, while the multi-finger involving the narrow-oxide diffusion (OD) and multi-OD. The polygonal versus 4-sided doughnut, and the narrow-OD with multi-fingers versus multi-OD with multi- fingers are reviewed in this study. The high frequency parameters, which are of concern in this study, are the cut- off frequency (f<sub>T</sub>) and the maximum frequency (f<sub>MAX</sub>), whereas the noise parameters involved are noise resistance (R<sub>N</sub>) and the minimum noise figure (NF<sub>min</sub>). In addition, MOSFET parameters, which are affected by the layout style that in turn may contribute to the changes in these high frequency, and noise parameters are also detailed. Such parameters include transconductance (G<sub>m</sub>); gate resistance (R<sub>g</sub>); effective mobility (μ<sub>eff</sub>); and parasitic capacitances (c<sub>gg</sub> and c<sub>gd</sub>). Investigation by others has revealed that the polygonal doughnut may have a larger total area in comparison with the 4- sided doughnut. It is also found by means of this review that the multi-finger layout style with narrow-OD and high number of fingers may have the best performance in f<sub>T</sub> and f<sub>MAX</sub>, owing partly to the improvement in G<sub>m</sub>, μ<sub>eff</sub>, c<sub>gg</sub>, c<sub>gd</sub> and low frequency noise (LFN). A multi-OD with a lower number of fingers may lead to a lower performance in f<sub>T</sub> due to a lower G<sub>m</sub>. Upon comparing the doughnut and the multi-finger layout styles, the doughnuts appeared to perform better than a standard multi-finger layout for f<sub>T</sub>, f<sub>MAX</sub>, G<sub>m</sub> and μ<sub>eff</sub> but are poorer in terms of LFN. It can then be concluded that the narrow-OD multi-finger may cause the increase of c<sub>gg</sub> as the transistor becomes narrower, whereas a multi-OD multi-finger may have high R<sub>g</sub> and therefore may lead to the increase of f<sub>T</sub> and f<sub>MAX</sub> as the transistor becomes narrower. Besides, the doughnut layout style has a higher G<sub>m</sub> and f<sub>T</sub>, leading to larger μ<sub>eff</sub> from the elimination of shallow trench isolation (STI) stress.</p>

scholarly journals High-G Calibration Denoising Method for High-G MEMS Accelerometer Based on EMD and Wavelet Threshold

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Lu ◽  
Lixin Pang ◽  
Haoqian Huang ◽  
Chong Shen ◽  
Huiliang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Original Signal ◽  
Denoising Method ◽  
Mems Accelerometer ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Impact Peak ◽  
Reconstructed Signal ◽  
Mems Accelerometers ◽  
The Impact

High-G MEMS accelerometers have been widely used in monitoring natural disasters and other fields. In order to improve the performance of High-G MEMS accelerometers, a denoising method based on the combination of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and wavelet threshold is proposed. Firstly, EMD decomposition is performed on the output of the main accelerometer to obtain the intrinsic mode function (IMF). Then, the continuous mean square error rule is used to find energy cut-off point, and then the corresponding high frequency IMF component is denoised by wavelet threshold. Finally, the processed high-frequency IMF component is superposed with the low-frequency IMF component, and the reconstructed signal is denoised signal. Experimental results show that this method integrates the advantages of EMD and wavelet threshold and can retain useful signals to the maximum extent. The impact peak and vibration characteristics are 0.003% and 0.135% of the original signal, respectively, and it reduces the noise of the original signal by 96%.

The Impact of Lexical Characteristics and Noise on Intelligibility of Parkinsonian Speech

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Fang Chiu ◽  
Karen Forrest
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Noise Condition ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Listening In Noise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Purpose This study investigated the impact of lexical characteristics on the intelligibility of speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD). Intelligibility was compared for listening in a quiet versus a noisy environment. Method A total of 192 young listeners participated in the study, with 96 listeners listening in quiet and 96 listening in noise in which the spoken sentences were mixed with 10-talker babble. The listeners transcribed spoken sentences with target words controlled for word frequency and neighborhood density. The sentences were produced by 12 speakers with PD and 12 healthy control (HC) speakers. Transcription accuracy was compared across lexical categories between PD and HC and between the two listening conditions. Results Transcription accuracy was higher for high-frequency words than low-frequency words for both speaker groups in quiet and in noise. The neighborhood density effect was evident only in the noise condition with better intelligibility for words from sparse neighborhoods than from dense neighborhoods. Regardless of listening condition, the PD group was less intelligible with a significant decrease in intelligibility in noise relative to quiet. Conclusions The lexical properties of the words affected listeners' understanding of Parkinsonian speech. Frequent words in sparse neighborhood enhanced intelligibility, especially under adverse listening conditions. Babble noise had a detrimental impact on the intelligibility of Parkinsonian speech. The extent of the lexical effect on intelligibility increased in noise.

scholarly journals Vibroacoustic Monitoring Features of Radiation-Beam Technologies by the Case Study of Laser, Electrical Discharge, and Electron-Beam Machining

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Grigoriev ◽  
Mikhail P. Kozochkin ◽  
Marina A. Volosova ◽  
Anna A. Okunkova ◽  
Sergey V. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Beam ◽  
Vibroacoustic Signal ◽  
The Impact

A feature of radiation-beam technologies is similar processes associated with phase transformations and chemical reactions that cause changes in the volume of matter, accompanied by the vibroacoustic energy release distributed through the equipment flexible system in a wide frequency range (up to 40 kHz and high for 150 ms). The vibroacoustic signal amplitude accompanying radiation-beam technologies depends on the power density and process performance. The accelerated growth of the high-frequency components of the vibroacoustic signal is associated with the activation of the processes of volumetric boiling and evaporation/sublimation of the material. The Kf parameter, introduced as the ratio of the effective amplitudes of the low-frequency and high-frequency ranges of the vibroacoustic signal, monitors the results of high-energy flows’ impact on the material in the direction of vaporization/sublimation. The Kf parameter decrease tendency shows an increase in the proportion of the substance evaporated during laser treatment. The Kf parameter control allows the indication of the short-circuit approach in electric discharge machining, which allows increased productivity and reliability of processing. The monitoring of the Kf parameter helps to select rational processing modes, preventing excessive evaporation, providing the necessary intensity of the impact power to trigger the necessary chemical reactions in surface electron-beam alloying.

Problematic plant monitoring in Hopewell Culture National Historical Park: 2008–2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Young
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Medium Frequency ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Priority Species ◽  
Plant Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

Managers are challenged with the impact of problematic plants, including exotic, invasive, and pest plant species. Information on the cover and frequency of these plants is essential for developing risk-based approaches to managing these species. Based on surveys conducted in 2008, 2011, 2015, and 2019, Heartland Network staff and contractors identified a cumulative total of 51 potentially problematic plant species in Hopewell Culture National Historical Park. Of the 37 species found in 2019, we characterized 7 as very low frequency, 9 as low frequency, 17 as medium frequency, and 4 as high frequency. Of these, midpoint cover estimates of 2 medium frequency and 2 high frequency species exceeded the 10-acre threshold. Because of the number, extent, and cover of problematic plants in the park and the small park size, control efforts should focus on treating high priority species across the entire park. High priority species may include plant species capable of rapid spread, species at low population levels, and species which can effectively be controlled.

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