scholarly journals Nighttime sleep benefits the prospective component of prospective memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja F. Böhm ◽  
Ute J. Bayen ◽  
Reinhard Pietrowsky
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree ◽  
Tree Modeling ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
As Effects

AbstractStudies suggest that sleep benefits event-based prospective memory, which involves carrying out intentions when particular events occur. Prospective memory has a prospective component (remembering that one has an intention), and a retrospective component (remembering when to carry it out). As effects of sleep on retrospective memory are well established, the effect of sleep on prospective memory may thus be due exclusively to an effect of sleep on its retrospective component. Therefore, the authors investigated whether nighttime sleep improves the prospective component of prospective memory, or a retrospective component, or both. In a first session, participants performed an event-based prospective-memory task (that was embedded in an ongoing task) 3 minutes after forming an intention and, in a second session, 12 hours after forming an intention. The sessions were separated by either nighttime sleep or daytime wakefulness. The authors disentangled prospective-memory performance into its retrospective and prospective components via multinomial processing tree modeling. There was no effect of sleep on the retrospective component, which may have been due to a time-of-day effect. The prospective component, which is the component unique to prospective memory, declined less strongly after a retention interval filled with sleep as compared with a retention interval filled with wakefulness. A hybrid interaction suggested that refreshed attention after sleep may account for this effect, but did not support the consolidation of the association between the intention and its appropriate context as a mechanism driving the effect.

Preliminary Remarks on Type of Task and Delay in Children's Prospective Memory

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Nigro ◽  
Vincenzo Paolo Senese ◽  
Ornella Natullo ◽  
Ida Sergi
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Prospective Memory Task ◽  
Target Time ◽  
Task Time ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Principal Task ◽  
Prospective Memory Performance

This study investigated the extent to which the type of task influences children's prospective memory performance. 80 subjects, aged 7 to 11 yr. participated in an experiment in which the type of task (time-based vs event-based) and the retention interval (5 min. vs 10 min.) varied. The prospective memory task was embedded in a principal task lasting about 15 min. and required subjects perform an action at a given time or in response to a specific cue. Analysis indicated that the delay was associated with prospective memory performance only on a time-based task in which the intention has to be performed after 10 min. but not age. Analysis indicated also that time monitoring was associated with shorter latency between the target time and the execution of the intention on the time-based task. Implications were discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Sleep and Age on Prospective Memory Consolidation: A Walk in a Virtual Museum

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-351
Author(s):  
Stéphane Rehel ◽  
Nicolas Legrand ◽  
Grégory Lecouvey ◽  
Alice Laniepce ◽  
Françoise Bertran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Retention Interval ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Virtual Museum ◽  
Memory Schema ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Nighttime Sleep

Prospective memory (PM) refers to our ability to perform actions at the appropriate moment, either when a predetermined event occurs (event-based, EB) or after a predetermined amount of time (time-based, TB). Sleep favors the consolidation of both EB and TB intentions, but whether this benefit is preserved during ageing is still subject to debate. PM was assessed in 28 young and 27 older healthy volunteers using a virtual environment. Participants had to learn and execute intentions after intervals filled with either daytime wakefulness or nighttime sleep. Intentions consisted of four TB, four EB with a strong link between the cue triggering retrieval and the action to be performed (EB-link) and four with no link (EB-nolink). PM was not affected by age, whatever the type of intention and the nature of the retention interval. While sleep reinforced all types of intentions in young participants, this benefit was only observed for TB and EB-link intentions in older adults. Sleep also reinforced the intrinsic PM components in both groups. Thus, when assessed using complex realistic situations, PM is not impaired in ageing. Results are discussed in the light of memory schema theory and the possible impact of cognitive reserve on sleep and memory.

Does Delay Affect Prospective Memory Performance?

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Nigro ◽  
Pier Carla Cicogna
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Prospective Memory Task ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Prospective Remembering ◽  
Intention Formation ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Prospective Memory Performance

The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which the retention interval between intention formation and the execution of the action affects the occurrence of remembering and its accuracy. 126 subjects (48 men and 78 women) between 18 and 24 years participated in a two-phase experiment. An event-based prospective memory task was assigned at the end of the first experimental session, which required reporting a message to the second experimenter at the beginning of the second experimental session. The length of the interval of time between the formation of the intention and its execution varied (10 minutes, 2 days, 2 weeks). Participants were randomly assigned to the three conditions (42 each). A post-experimental interview was carried out in order to find out the strategies that subjects employed to retrieve the message and the importance they attributed to the task. Results indicate that the delay affected neither the occurrence of remembering nor its accuracy, and that the importance attributed to the planned action improved the likelihood of prospective remembering. Furthermore, results seem to indicate that external reminders do not improve prospective memory. Further implications of the finding were discussed.

Assessing the Validity of Multinomial Models Using Extraneous Variables: An Application to Prospective Memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2194-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Rummel ◽  
C. Dennis Boywitt ◽  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Prospective Memory Performance

The class of multinomial processing tree (MPT) models has been used extensively in cognitive psychology to model latent cognitive processes. Critical for the usefulness of a MPT model is its psychological validity. Generally, the validity of a MPT model is demonstrated by showing that its parameters are selectively and predictably affected by theoretically meaningful experimental manipulations. Another approach is to test the convergent validity of the model parameters and other extraneous measures intended to measure the same cognitive processes. Here, we advance the concept of construct validity (Cronbach & Meehl, 1955) as a criterion for model validity in MPT modelling and show how this approach can be fruitfully utilized using the example of a MPT model of event-based prospective memory. For that purpose, we investigated the convergent validity of the model parameters and established extraneous measures of prospective memory processes over a range of experimental settings, and we found a lack of convergent validity between the two indices. On a conceptual level, these results illustrate the importance of testing convergent validity. Additionally, they have implications for prospective memory research, because they demonstrate that the MPT model of event-based prospective memory is not able to differentiate between different processes contributing to prospective memory performance.

Evidence of Impaired Event-Based Prospective Memory in Clinical Obsessive–Compulsive Checking

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne M. Harris ◽  
Lisa Vaccaro ◽  
Mairwen K. Jones ◽  
Georgina M. Boots
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Compulsive Checking ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Subclinical Ocd

AbstractBased on findings from subclinical OCD checking samples (Cuttler & Graf, 2007; 2008), Cuttler and Graf (2009) suggested that checking may develop to compensate for prospective memory failures. The present study provides the first evidence of prospective memory problems in a clinical sample of OCD checkers (n = 26) compared to a group of healthy controls (n = 26). Consistent with earlier work with subclinical samples, the OCD checkers performed more poorly on an event-based, but not a time-based, prospective memory task. However, the OCD checkers did not report more subjective prospective memory failures than controls and their confidence in prospective memory accuracy was higher than that of controls. An explanation of the inconsistent findings with regard to metamemory in clinical and subclinical OCD checking is provided. Further research assessing both subjective memory performance and the strategies understood to support memory is needed to clarify the contribution of prospective memory to OCD checking.

scholarly journals A single dose of cocaine enhances prospective memory performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 883-892
Author(s):  
Nadia RPW Hutten ◽  
Kim PC Kuypers ◽  
Janelle HP van Wel ◽  
Eef L Theunissen ◽  
Stefan W Toennes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
The Right ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Prospective Memory Performance

Background: Prospective memory is the ability to recall intended actions or events at the right time or in the right context. While cannabis is known to impair prospective memory, the acute effect of cocaine is unknown. In addition, it is not clear whether changes in prospective memory represent specific alterations in memory processing or result from more general effects on cognition that spread across multiple domains such as arousal and attention. Aims: The main objective of the study was, therefore, to determine whether drug-induced changes in prospective memory are memory specific or associated with more general drug-induced changes in attention and arousal. Methods: A placebo-controlled, three-way, cross-over study including 15 regular poly-drug users was set up to test the influence of oral cocaine (300 mg) and vaporised cannabis (300+150 ‘booster’ µg/kg bodyweight) on an event-based prospective memory task. Attentional performance was assessed using a divided attention task and subjective arousal was assessed with the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. Results: Results showed that cocaine enhanced prospective memory, attention and arousal. Mean performance of prospective memory and attention, as well as levels of arousal were lowest during treatment with cannabis as compared with placebo and cocaine as evinced by a significantly increased trend across treatment conditions. Prospective memory performance was only weakly positively associated to measures of attention and arousal. Conclusion: Together, these results indicate that cocaine enhancement of prospective memory performance cannot be fully explained by parallel changes in arousal and attention levels, and is likely to represent a direct change in the neural network underlying prospective memory.

Prospective Memory

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prospective Memory Task ◽  
Retrospective Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Intended Action ◽  
Event Based ◽  
New Framework

Prospective memory involves remembering to perform an action when there is a delay between forming the intention to act and the point at which the action can be carried out. The distinction between time- and event-based prospective memory, the typical laboratory paradigm, and the concept of cost as a measure of the extent to which attention is allocated to the prospective memory task at the expense of other activities are described. Two theories of prospective memory are compared. Also noted is that prospective memory involves retrospective memory processes, for remembering what the intended action is and remembering when the action is to be performed, and a prospective component for remembering that something is to be done. The new concept of metaintentions or metaintentional processes is introduced along with a new framework for organizing existing research and motivating future research. The literature is reviewed within the structure of this new framework.

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