scholarly journals Inducing illusory control ensures persistence when rewards fade and when others outperform us

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-818
Author(s):  
Bettina Studer ◽  
Shawn N. Geniole ◽  
Maike L. Becker ◽  
Christoph Eisenegger ◽  
Stefan Knecht
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Illusory Control ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Objective Control

Abstract Persisting even when the rewards of continued effort are fading is essential for achieving long-term goals, skills, and good health, alike. Yet, we often quit when things get hard. Here, we tested whether augmenting the feeling of control through external measures increases persistence under such discouraging circumstances. In two laboratory experiments, we first induced illusory control by manipulating the base-rate of positive outcomes and then tested the effect of this elevation of participants’ perceived control upon their persistence under diminishing returns and in a competition against a stronger opponent. Induced illusory control significantly enhanced people’s persistence in both of these motivationally challenging situations. Our findings demonstrate that motivation is dependent upon perceived, rather than objective, control, and reveal that this can be leveraged to counteract quitting behavior when things get hard, for instance in rehabilitation, physical activity interventions, or other training settings.

The long-term efficacy of two computer-tailored physical activity interventions for older adults: Main effects and mediators.

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje M. van Stralen ◽  
Hein de Vries ◽  
Aart N. Mudde ◽  
Catherine Bolman ◽  
Lilian Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Term Efficacy ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Main Effects

Incorporating Exercise Professionals in Mental Health Settings: An Australian Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Fibbins ◽  
Oscar Lederman ◽  
Rachel Morell ◽  
Bonnie Furzer ◽  
Kemi Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Mental Health Settings

ABSTRACT Low rates of physical activity, in addition to other poor physical health behaviors, contribute to lower quality of life and increased rates of premature mortality for people living with mental illness. Physical activity reduces this mortality gap while simultaneously improving mood, cognitive function, and symptomology for a variety of psychiatric disorders. While physical activity programs are feasible and acceptable in this population, significant barriers exist that limit long-term adherence. Accredited exercise physiologists (AEPs) are best-placed in Australia to lead physical activity interventions for people living with mental illness. Additionally, AEPs provide an important role in improving culture change within mental health settings by influencing clinicians' attitudes to physical activity interventions. Leading international mental health organizations should collaborate and promote the role of physical activity to increase the provision of such services to people living with mental illness.

scholarly journals ‘You started something … then I continued by myself’: a qualitative study of physical activity maintenance

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
pp. 574-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Wahlich ◽  
Carole Beighton ◽  
Christina Victor ◽  
Rebecca Normansell ◽  
Derek Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Walking Intervention ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Bad Weather

Background Most mid-life and older adults are not achieving recommended physical activity (PA) targets and effective interventions are needed to increase and maintain PA long-term for health benefits. The Pedometer And Consultation Evaluation (PACE-UP) trial, a three-armed primary care pedometer-based walking intervention in those aged 45–75 years, demonstrated increased PA levels at 12 months. A three-year follow-up was conducted to evaluate long-term PA maintenance, including a qualitative component. Aim To examine facilitators and barriers to PA maintenance in mid-life and older adults previously involved in a PA trial. Method Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 60 PACE-UP participants across all study arms. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded independently by researchers, prior to thematic analysis. Findings Two-thirds of participants felt since the PACE-UP trial they had an awareness of PA, with the pedometer reported as ‘kick-starting’ regular activity, and then helped them to maintain regular activity. PA facilitators included: maintaining good health, self-motivation, social support and good weather. Lack of time was the most frequently cited barrier. Other barriers were often the inverse of the facilitators; for example, poor health and bad weather. Participants described the type of ‘top-up’ intervention they would find beneficial to aid PA maintenance (eg, text messages, online resources and walking groups). Conclusion A challenge for future PA interventions is to transform barriers into facilitators; for example, educating trial participants about the value of PA for many chronic health conditions to change this from inhibiting to promoting PA. Participants provided ideas for encouraging PA maintenance which could be incorporated into future interventions.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions in adolescents: model development and illustration using two exemplar interventions

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e027566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay S Gc ◽  
Marc Suhrcke ◽  
Andrew J Atkin ◽  
Esther van Sluijs ◽  
David Turner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
School Intervention ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Lifetime Horizon ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions

ObjectiveTo develop a model to assess the long-term costs and health outcomes of physical activity interventions targeting adolescents.DesignA Markov cohort simulation model was constructed with the intention of being capable of estimating long-term costs and health impacts of changes in activity levels during adolescence. The model parameters were informed by published literature and the analysis took a National Health Service perspective over a lifetime horizon. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were undertaken.SettingSchool and community.ParticipantsA hypothetical cohort of adolescents aged 16 years at baseline.InterventionsTwo exemplar school-based: a comparatively simple, after-school intervention and a more complex multicomponent intervention compared with usual care.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIncremental cost-effectiveness ratio as measured by cost per quality-adjusted life year gained.ResultsThe model gave plausible estimates of the long-term effect of changes in physical activity. The use of two exemplar interventions suggests that the model could potentially be used to evaluate a number of different physical activity interventions in adolescents. The key model driver was the degree to which intervention effects were maintained over time.ConclusionsThe model developed here has the potential to assess long-term value for money of physical activity interventions in adolescents. The two applications of the model indicate that complex interventions may not necessarily be the ones considered the most cost-effective when longer-term costs and consequences are taken into account.

Why do they do it? Assessing self-report physical activity behavior and quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 964-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly S Fasczewski ◽  
Sara M Rothberger ◽  
Diane L Gill
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Activity Behavior

Physical activity has been shown to effectively aid multiple sclerosis symptom management; however, individuals with multiple sclerosis tend to be inactive physically. Developing effective, sustainable, physical activity interventions involves first understanding motivators for physical activity. Open-ended surveys exploring physical activity motivators were collected from 215 individuals with multiple sclerosis. Responses indicate that self-efficacy and internalized motivation derived from physical activity outcomes were motivators for physical activity, and physical activity was cited as increasing overall quality of life. Future physical activity interventions should incorporate methods for building self-efficacy for physical activity and focus on increasing awareness of the long-term physical benefits derived from physical activity.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Interventions Among Older Adults: A Literature Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-Ana D. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Research Findings

Physical activity (PA) is important in the management of chronic illness among older adults worldwide. Researchers have conducted several intervention studies to increase PA behavior in this population. This review of the past 12 years of relevant PA intervention research among adults aged 60 years and older systematically summarized research findings, identified characteristics of successful interventions, and proposed areas of future research. There were 20 studies reviewed for this article, most employing a combination of cognitive-behavioral intervention design. Cognitive-based only and combination interventions were more successful in changing PA behavior; however, behavioral-based interventions demonstrated more long-term changes in PA behavior. Among theory-based interventions, self-efficacy was the most commonly operationalized construct. Findings from this review may inform future primary research to promote PA behavior among older adults, as well as gerontological clinical practice.

Barriers to Physical Activity and Restorative Care for Residents in Long-Term Care: A Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Benjamin ◽  
Nancy Edwards ◽  
Jenny Ploeg ◽  
Frances Legault
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Implementation Barriers ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Multiple Levels

Despite the benefits of physical activity, residents living in long-term care (LTC) are relatively sedentary. Designing successful physical activity and restorative care programs requires a good understanding of implementation barriers. A database search (2002–2013) yielded seven studies (nine articles) that met our inclusion criteria. We also reviewed 31 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine if the authors explicitly discussed the barriers encountered while implementing their interventions. Eleven RCTs (13 articles) included a discussion of the barriers. Hence, a total of 18 studies (22 articles) were included in this review. Barriers occurred at resident (e.g., health status), environmental (e.g., lack of space for physical activity), and organizational (e.g., staffing and funding constraints) levels. These barriers intersect to adversely affect the physical activity of older people living in LTC. Future studies targeting physical activity interventions for residents living in LTC are needed to address these multiple levels of influence.

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