scholarly journals Understanding Hinduism, a Collective Study by Abu Raihan AlBeruini and Others with their Related Important Views

Fahm-i-Islam ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Maryam Noureen ◽  
Dr. Bazahir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
First Person ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Indian People ◽  
Birth Place ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abrahamic Religions ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Hinduism is one of the most ancient religions of the world originated in the Subcontinent. This religion has always been of a significant value in the history of world religions. The subcontinent has been the birth place of many Dharmic Religions like Buddhism and Jainism, as well as it has been a center of many Abrahamic Religions such as Christianity and Islam. The Interaction between the Muslims and the ancient people of subcontinent began right after the migration of Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم in Madinah. Therefore, the Muslim scholars tended to study the religion of Indian people and their life style. Abu Rehan Alberuni was the first person who initiated Indology, the study of indo religions. He wrote an encyclopedic book من ماللہند تحقیق فی کتاب" .مقالہ مقبولہ ومردود" After Al-Beruni, the Hinduism became a subject of research for the muslim scholars. Many Muslim scholars like Maulana Ubaid Ullah, Dr. Meher Abdulhaq, Maulana Shams Naveed, Dr. Zakir Naik and Muhammad Shariq have profound academic works on Hinduism. Therefore, in this article the views of these thinkers and understanding of Hinduism will be reviewed.

scholarly journals Against the Modern World

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Ali Hassan Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
North America ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Perennial Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslims In Europe ◽  
Muslim Scholars

One effect of 9/11 has been that Muslim voices, which until then had beenmostly ignored, are increasingly reaching a wider audience of other Muslimsand non-Muslims. In Europe and North America, this has meant that selfidentified“progressive” Muslim scholars who emphasize social justice, aswell as “traditional” Muslims who emphasize Islam’s spiritual or esotericdimension, have been contributing in a much more vocal manner to the contemporaryinterpretation of what it means to be Muslim. Since most of theleading figures presented herein are Sufi Muslims of a particular strand ofesoteric Islam, this book helps fill an important lacuna concerning the developmentof the traditionalist position – a position that has been voiced bysuch Muslim scholars as Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Martin Lings.Sedgwick promotes the book as a biography of René Guénon (1886-1951) and an intellectual history of the traditionalist movement that heinaugurated in the early twentieth century. Guénon’s movement combineselements of perennial philosophy, which holds that certain perennial problemsrecur in humanity’s philosophical concerns, and that this perennialwisdom is now only found in the traditional forms of the world religions ...

Islamic Theological Views on Darwinian Evolution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhal Guessoum
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Darwinian Evolution ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Human Exceptionalism ◽  
The World ◽  
The Problem Of Evil ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
Muslim Scholars

The various positions that Muslim scholars have adopted vis-à-vis Darwin’s theory of evolution since its inception in 1859 are here reviewed with an eye on the theological arguments that are embraced, whether explicitly or implicitly. A large spectrum of views and arguments are thus found, ranging from total rejection to total acceptance, including “human exceptionalism” (evolution is applicable to all organisms and animals but not to humans). The two main theological arguments that are thus extracted from Muslim scholars’ discussions of evolution are: 1) Is God excluded by the evolutionary paradigm or does the term “Creator” acquire a new definition? 2) Does Adam still exist in the human evolution scenario, and how to include his Qur’anic story in the scientific scenario? Additional, but less crucial issues are sometimes raised in Islamic discussions of evolution: a) Does the extinction of innumerable species during the history of life on earth conflict with the traditional view of God’s creation? b) Is theodicy (“the problem of evil”) exacerbated or explained by evolution? c) Are “species” well-defined and important biological entities in the Islamic worldview? d) Can the randomness that seems inherent in the evolutionary process be reconciled with a divine creation plan? These questions are here reviewed through the writings and arguments of Muslim scholars, and general conclusions are drawn about why rejectionists find it impossible to address those issues in a manner that is consistent with their religious principles and methods, and why more progressive, less literalistic scholars are able to fold those issues within a less rigid conception of God and the world.

scholarly journals Dermal Filler types, Effect on soft tissue and Life Style correlation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dalia A Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Dermal Filler ◽  
Dermal Fillers ◽  
Bovine Collagen ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Facial Contours ◽  
Common Manifestation

One of the most common manifestation in our time, especially among girls, is those procedures on the skin or maintaining or to modify some of the changes in the skin, such as those that come due to aging or any other cosmetic reasons. Fillers and Botox are two of the most popular procedures. Dermal fillers are effective treatments used to soften and reduce wrinkles and deep lines, fill out the cheeks and smooth facial contours. There are four main types of injectable dermal fillers, including fat, collagen, hyaluronic acid, and microsphere-containing carriers of another material such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). So that to understand any type of injection, it is important to look at its history for valuable lessons and for successful progress. Honestly, it is very interesting to see what and where the world gets in the last 40 years of injectable. Today, we will be examining the brief history of dermal fillers from their bovine collagen roots, to the advanced fillers that are available today. In this review, we aimed to show some types of dermal fillers including a variety of its complication in soft tissue. Also, we try to correlate the factor of lifestyle  with its variant effects.

The Muslim Scholars and the History of Economics

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-276
Author(s):  
Abbas Mirakhor
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Economics ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medieval Economics ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
The Way

Introduction. . .The enterpriser addressing a Greek who had been boasting of the scientificachievement of his people, says: You boast most unreasonably of these sciences;for you did not discover them by your own penetration, but attained them fromthe scientific men of Ptolemy's times; and some sciences you took from the Eygptiansin the days of Prammetichus, and then introduced them into your ownland, and now you claim to have discovered them. The King asked the Greekphilosopher: "Can it be as he says?" He replied saying, "It is true; we obtainedmost of the sciences from the preceding philosophers, as others now receivethem from us. Such is the way of the world - for one people to derive benefitfrom another. Rasail of the Ikhwan Al-SafaNever in any age was any science discovered, but from the beginning of theworld wisdom has increased gradually, and it has not yet been completed asregards this life. Roger Bacon. . .there is no longer any excuse for a pmctice which has confounded the studyof medieval economics since its inception more than a century ago, namely,that of basing the most sweeping historical generalizations on a fav familiarnames, with no regard for context and continuity; even the best textbooks inthe field still skip and jump from one century to the next, in and out of differenttraditions. But a scholastic commentator superimposed his own ideas on thoseaccumulated in the particular tmdition in which he wrote, accepted its premisesand adopted its language. He cannot be fully understood until its foundationis also dug out.It is easy now to forget that those who laid the foundation of modemeconomics in the eighteenth century were as familiar with the accumulated ...

Die Paradoxie der Rationalisierung / The paradox of rationalization

1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Schluchter
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
World Religions ◽  
World Views ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

AbstractWEBER’s sociology can be understood as an attempt to spell out the type of rationality which is at the core of modern society and the type of ethical life style which is in line with it. In so far his approach is still an alternative to system theory and to a Marxian perspective. This becomes obvious when his studies on economy and society and his studies on the economic ethics of the world religions are interrelated. This essay tries to establish this relationship on the level of cosmological orders or world views in evolutionary perspective. The key in WEBER’s writings is provided by the „Zwischenbetrachtung“, a piece, which contains a theory of religious rejections of the world and their directions and a theory of conflicts between life spheres as well. There are two dimensions which can be used in order to systematize WEBER’s analysis of world views: monism and dualism on the one hand, theocentrism and anthropocentrism on the other hand. Both dimensions can be applied to distinguish three constellations: Religious-ethical forms of world rejection - the Indian and the Judeo-Christian tradition; religious-ethical forms of world rejection including a potential of world domination - Roman-Catholicism and Protestantism; and the dealectical development of the rationality of world domination - salvation religion and science. In this perspective WEBER’s distinction between an ethic of conviction and an ethic of responsibility gains new importance. This essay attempts to show not only that WEBER himself was in favor of an ethic of responsibility; but also that this ethic, reformulated, can be regarded as the basis of an ethical life style which is capable of coping with the meaning problem of modern society.

scholarly journals CURRENT SOCIAL NEEDS MUSIC THERAPY

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1SE) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sadhana Raj
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
First Person ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Divine Inspiration ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Music ◽  
Vedic Period ◽  
Indian Music

There is also a rich tradition of music in India. Few countries have found such an old and rich tradition of music. Indian music has an inspiring Siva and Saraswati which means that human beings cannot develop such high art without any divine inspiration, only on their own strength. Music existed in India since Vedic period. The Yajurveda mentions several instrumental choirs in the 19th and 20th mantras of the 30th scandal. Which makes the existence of music clear. The history of Indian music is at least 4000 years old. The most ancient music mentioned in the world is found in the Samaveda, the artistic atmosphere of various instruments and vocals developed here. Pythagoras became the first person in Europe to determine the place of vowels by the laws of mathematics. भारत में भी संगीत की समृद्ध परम्परा रही है। कुछ ही देशों में संगीत की इतनी पुरानी एवं समृद्ध परम्परा पायी गई है। भारतीय संगीत के प्रेरक षिव और सरस्वती है इसका तात्पर्य है कि मानव इतनी उच्च कला को बिना किसी दैवी प्रेरणा के, केवल स्वयं के बल पर विकसित नहीं कर सकता। वैदिककाल से ही संगीत भारत में विद्यमान था। यजुर्वेद में 30वें कांड के 19वें और 20वें मंत्र में कई वाद्य बजानेवालों का उल्लेख है। जिससे संगीत का अस्तित्व स्पष्ट होता है। भारतीय संगीत का इतिहास कम से कम 4000 वर्ष पुराना है। संसारभर में सबसे प्राचीन संगीत का उल्लेख सामवेद में मिलता है यहाँ विभिन्न प्रकार के वाद्य यंत्रों और स्वरों के कलात्मक वातावरण का विकास हुआ। यूरोप में पाइथागोरस पहला व्यक्ति हुआ है जिसमें गणित के नियमों द्वारा स्वरों के स्थान को निर्धारित किया।

scholarly journals Max Weber’s Main Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-121
Author(s):  
Friedrich Tenbruck
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
General Context ◽  
Economic Ethics ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Main Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
History Of

The article of a well-known German social theorist Friedrich Tenbruck, which once provoked a heated debate among Weberian scholars, analyzes the works of Max Weber in terms of their thematic structure and general heuristics. The first section reconstructs the genesis and content of the idea that Economy and Society was the main work of the classic German scholar of sociology, an idea that was initially made popular among scholars by Marianne Weber. The second part is devoted to disenchantment as a fundamental process in the history of religion, the discovery of which is traditionally attributed to Weber’s famous work The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism. The third part analyzes the broad conceptual field used by Max Weber to study Western rationalization. The fourth part critically analyzes the thesis of Western rationalization as Weber’s main, life-long topic, the thesis which was originally introduced by Reinhard Bendix. In the fifth part, an attempt is made to determine the exact place of Economic Ethics of the World Religions in the overall structure of Weber’s work. In the sixth part, the processes of Western rationalization are placed within the general context of Weber’s conception of the universal history understood as a field of tension between ideas and interests. The final section emphasizes the importance of Weber’s writings on the sociology of religion, with Economic Ethics of the World Religions in particular as the core of his entire mature sociology. It also poses the question of the problematic nature of various Weberian notions for contemporary sociology, and points out the persisting validity of Weber’s sociological diagnosis of the time for the analysis of current problems in the perspective of a world-wide historical significance.

First-Person Plural

Theater ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Daniel Sack
Keyword(s):  
Performance Art ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Green Screen ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Self Reference

In Daniel Sack’s discussion of Nicola Gunn’s dramatic oeuvre, he finds a through line running between her works—one of self-reference and autofiction, a kind of playful knowledge of the self. In tracing this affinity between her pieces, in particular In the Sans Hotel, In Spite of Myself, Piece for Person and Ghetto Blaster, and Green Screen, Sack identifies the ways in which Gunn’s work speaks to both a contemporary moment in theater and the history of performance art, acknowledging the different baggage of the forms she references while coyly and fluently crossing between them. Sack sees in Gunn’s work the creation of heterotopias, places that open out onto an elsewhere, toward realities that simultaneously exist outside of the world and connect its disparate cultural manifestations together, from identity to ethics, politics to performance.

scholarly journals E-4 An Analytical Study of the Development of Historiography in the world; A Case of Early Islamic Historiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Sohail Akhtar ◽  
Rafiq Akber ◽  
Muhammad Asim Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
Basic Concept ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
First Person ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Historiography ◽  
Early Islamic

The history of the world began with human creation and consciousness. And with the passage of time came the expansion and innovation in historiography. The Greeks have credited with the formal beginning of historiography. Hycuts was the first person to start writing the events of history in a scattered manner. Herodotus later began the work of historiography on the basis of this effort. Herodotus was called the father of history. Similarly, historiography was transferred from the Greeks to the Romans and then the advent of Islam made historiography not just an art but an industry. Islamic historiography began during the Prophet's time when it was writing with   Quran and Hadeth. Later several people started to write the biography of Prophet and many others. Among them Imam Zahri, Muhammad Bin Ishaq, Ibn-e-Hisham, Waqdi and many others. This paper is an attempt to highlight the basic concept of historiography and Islamic contribution in historiography during the early Muslim era to 350 A.H.

scholarly journals Factors of formation and specific aspects of syncretic processes in Meroe religion

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-937
Author(s):  
E. E. Kormysheva
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
World Religions ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
Ritual Practices

The author explores specific manifestations of the phenomenon of syncretism in theMeroereligion, as well as the factors, which did significantly contribute to it. She traces these factors on a wide time scale starting from the early archaeological cultures of theNileValleyto the Hellenistic time. The main subject of research is the cult of the gods, as well as the myths and rituals, which did accompany worship. The article deals with concepts of ‘unity and multitude’, which were instrumental for creation of local concepts of Egyptian deities. According to the author, this was the beginning of syncretism. Both the subsequent adaptation and acculturation can be seen in rethinking and creating images that retained many primordial Egyptian features. The Meroe ‘friend or foe’ concept could be traced on specific forms of adaptation of ‘enemy’ images to the Meroitic culture and the subsequent perception of them as “own” or “local”. One can identify this process as “inversion”, which run in two directions: the “alien”, i.e. Egyptian gods in fullness of time became “own” gods inMeroe, the gods ofKush, in their turn became part of the Egyptian pantheon. The results of the process, which culminated in creation of a syncretic culture can be seen in emergence of new hitherto unknown deities, which were distinguished by combination of various Greek, Egyptian and Meroitic features. The Hellenistic features ofMeroedeities came to this culture viaEgypt. The formation of the syncreticMeroereligion up to the beginning of the Christian era was marked by the mutual influence and coexistence of “borrowed” deities as well as those, which came into being in course of the process of “borrowing”. The phenomenon of syncretism was spread through many aspects of religious life covering not just individual images of deities or various ritual practices, but also the whole theological system ofEgypt. In the history of the world religions this was the first recorded spread of religious teaching beyond its historical borders and the subsequent adaptation to an “alien”, Sudanese culture.

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