Elementary Algebra on Vedic Mathematics

The South Asian region has a long history of discovering new ideas, ideologies, and technologies. Since the Vedic period, the land has been known as a fertile place for innovative discoveries. The Vedic technique used by Bharati Krishna Tirthaji is unique among South Asian studies. The focus of this study was mostly on algebraic topics, which are typically taught in our school level. The study also looked at how Vedic Mathematics solves issues of elementary algebra using Vedic techniques such as Paravartya Yojayet, Sunyam Samyasamuccaye, Anurupye Sunyamanyat, Antyayoreva and Lopanasthapanabhyam. The comparison and discussion of the Vedic with the conventional techniques indicate that the Vedic Mathematics and its five unique formulas are more beneficial and realistic to those learners who are experiencing problems with elementary level algebra utilizing conventional methods.

Exploration of Phytochemistry and Ethnobotanical Uses of Cedrus deodara: A Review

Cedrus deodara is one of the most useful tree species. Almost every part of the plant has good properties. Cedrus deodara has been an important tree due to its Ethnobotanical uses, Traditional uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. From last decade, there has been a great progress in the medicinal perspectives of Deodara. Deodara has its utility in folklore medicines. Phytochemistry studies showed the presence of various useful compounds in the Deodara tree. Also, the oil of Cedrus deodara has a characteristic fragrance. C. deodara is also having traditional and ethnobotanical uses. Since Vedic period, various parts of this plant are being used for medicinal purposes.It is also believed that various respiratory diseases can be just cured by just sitting under this tree. In present, Deodara is seen as an important tree in point of view of research. It has its applications in Timber too [1]. This paper is focussed on the traditional and medicinal aspects of Cedrus deodara.

A SCIENTIFIC DRUG REVIEW ON PUNARNAVA MANDUR

Punarnava Mandura a classical Herbo mineral formulation is available on the market either in tablet form or in Churna form and is frequently used for Anemia, Low Platelet count, Low RBC count, swelling around Joints, Generalized Swelling, Gout and other end toxins accumulation. It is also a diuretic and is useful in renal disorders. In renal failure, it is used with Mutrakrichantak Churna for getting good results. Used with it. This medicine is more commonly used in North Indian Ayurvedic practice. Clinical research involves investigating proposed med- ical treatments, assessing the relative benefits of competing therapies, and establishing optimal treatment combi- nations. It is the most fruitful line of approach for methods of diagnosis and treatment as described in Ayurvedic literature. Anaemia is the most common indicator used to screen for iron deficiency, the terms anaemia, iron defi- ciency, Pandu roga is known since Vedic period and Iron preparations for the treatment of Pandu Roga has also been well known since ancient times. Punarnava as name designates regeneration; it may help to decrease, the work of Kidneys as it has Mutral properties. Keywords: Punarnava Mandur, herbomineral, Anemia.

Sangam literature showing about Veera Mangaiyar

Since ancient times, the Tamil community has given great value to women. It is said that in the Vedic period men had equal rights with women and husband and wife had equal rights in religious and social duties. The position of women during the Sangam period, similar to the Vedic period, was highly admirable. Women were considered to be of the highest character to household duties. Chastity is with loving virtues patience, morality, maintaining the heart, hospitality, circumference, etc., are the characteristics of the wife. The women of the sangam age considered Nanam better than the best life of all, that innocent chastity was better than that Nanam, and that their husband was life for wives. Women have maintained a good place of Nanam and chastity. She considered it is duty to give birth to the people and to be heroic. The purpose of this article is to express the heroic feelings of women in sangam literature.

The Food, Water, Air and Fire Doctrines in Ancient Indian and Greek Philosophies from a Comparative Perspective

The main aim of this article lies in the comparison of ancient cosmico-natural elements from the Vedic period with their counterparts in the Presocratics, with a focus on food, air, water and fire. By way of an introduction to the ancient elemental world, we first present the concept of food (anna) as an idiosyncratic Vedic teaching of the ancient elements. This is followed by our first comparison—of Raikva’s natural philosophy of Vāyu/prāṇa with Anaximenes’s pneûma/aér teaching in the broader context of both the Vedic and Presocratic teachings on the role of air/breath. Secondly, water as brought to us in pañcāgnividyā teaching from Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad and Chāndogya Upaniṣad is compared to the teaching of the Greek natural philosopher Thales. Finally, the teaching on fire as heat being present in all beings (agni vaiśvānara) and in relation to cosmic teachings on fire in the ancient Vedic world are compared to Heraclitus’ philosophy of fire as an element. Additionally, this article also presents a survey and analysis of some of the key representatives of comparative and intercultural philosophy dealing with the elemental and natural philosophy of ancient India and Greece.

संस्कृत साहित्ये नैपालमिथिलाक्षेत्रस्य योगदानम् [Contribution of Nepali Mithila Region in Sanskrit Literature]

सूर्यवंशीयराज्ञो निमेः शरीरमन्थनाज्जातेन मिथिनाम्ना राज्ञा प्रवर्तितत्वात् तदीया राजधानी मिथिलेति प्रसिद्धिमुपगता । मिथिलायाः सीमासङ्कोचविस्तारयोर्जातेऽपि प्रवृmताध्ययने नेपालस्य साम्प्रतिकः द्विसङ्ख्यकः प्रदेशः मिथिलाक्षेत्रत्वेन गृहीतः । मिथिलाराज्यस्य सीमायाः परिवर्तने दृष्टेऽपि मिथिलासंस्वृते राजधानी जनकपुरं वर्तते । मिथिलायां वैदिककाले विश्वामित्रप्रभृतयो ऋषयो दृश्यन्ते । तेषु महर्षिर्याज्ञवल्क्यः सर्वाधिक्येन प्रदीप्तं मिथिलायाः प्रोज्ज्वलं रत्नं वर्तते । अर्वाचीनेषु कविषु वंशमणिशर्मा हरिकेलिमहाकाव्यमाध्यमेन सर्वोत्वृष्टं स्थानं लभते । मिथिलायां स्फुटरूपेण संस्वृmतकवितारचनायाः परम्परा सम्प्रत्यपि जीविता वर्तते । [This research confirms that the naming of the Mithila region was initiated by a king named Mithi, who was born by churning the body of Suryavanshi king Nimi. Although the border of Mithila has been constricting and widening over time, in this study, the current state number two of Nepal has been taken as Mithila region. Janakpur remained the capital of Mithilaculture even when the borders of Mithila state changed. Vishwamitra and other sages have been seen in Mithila during the Vedic period. Among them, MaharshiYajnavalkya is the brightest gem. In the modern age, it has been confirmed that Vanshamani Sharma has reached the best place through the epic Harikeli. This research has confirmed that the tradition of composing Sanskrit poetry in Mithila is still alive today.]

THE GROWING USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS IN AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PRAYAGRAJ DISTRICT

English: Significant changes have taken place in the importance and form of agriculture from the beginning to the present period. In the Vedic period, the use of iron tools and later the discovery of irrigation techniques made people more efficient in agriculture, while in the British era, growing commercial crops like cotton and indigo brought about a big change and earning money became the main objective of agriculture. As a result of this, the food crisis has emerged as a major problem. The Green Revolution of the 1970s heralded a new era of rapid food production. One of the main catalysts for this revolution was the use of chemical fertilizers. Certainly, the Green Revolution solved the immediate food crisis, but heralded a harmful method for the future. We have to be ready to deal with the ill effects of it. Hindi: आदि काल से वर्तमान काल तक कृषि के महत्व तथा रूप में आमूलचूल परिवर्तन हुए हैं। वैदिक काल में लोहे के औजारों का प्रयोग तथा बाद में सिंचाई तकनीक की खोज से लोग कृषि में अधिक सक्षम हुए तो वहीं, ब्रिटिश काल में कपास और नील जैसी वाणिज्यिक फसलें उगाने से बड़ा बदलाव आया और धन कमाना कृषि का प्रमुख उद्देश्य हो गया। इसके दुष्परिणाम स्वरूप खाद्य संकट एक बड़ी समस्या के रूप में सामने आया। 1970 के दशक में आई हरित क्रान्ति ने तीव्र खाद्यान्न उत्पादन के एक नए युग का सूत्रपात किया। इस क्रान्ति का एक प्रमुख उत्प्रेरक रासायनिक उर्वरकों का प्रयोग रहा। निश्चय ही हरित क्रान्ति ने तात्कालिक खाद्यान्न संकट का समाधान किया किन्तु भविष्य के लिए एक हानिकारक पद्धति का सूत्रपात कर दिया। जिसके दुष्परिणामों से निपटने के लिए भी हमें तैयार रहना होगा।

The Exemplifications in Sushrut Samhita – ancient methods of teaching and learning.

Ayurveda is regarded as one of the ancient most science which is having it’s root of origin in vedic literature. In vedic period, the teaching and learning were dependant on Guru Shishya Parampara were-in the knowledge was given by the teachers to the disciples direcly by speech. The literatures were made easy to understand with help of describing and comparing the principles with examples such as exemplifications. Exemplification means giving specific, vivid examples for the purpose of adding more information to explain, define and illustrate a general idea and to elaborate the main idea. Exemplification make the literature easy to understand and it plays a very important role in learning and teaching in Ayurvedic Samhitas. In Ayurved exemplification is called as Drushtanta. Drushtanta is a part of Tantrayukti. Tantrayukti means a logical compilation of a text. Tantrayukti is very essential to understand the science in correct way. Better understanding of Shastra is only possible with the knowledge of Tantrayukti. It provides knowledge of writing techniques, explains hidden meaning. Sushruta-Samhita is not merely a surgical text. It is a comprehensive encyclopedic work on Ayurveda as a whole including its fundamental principles This article will help readers to know more about Drushtanta and it’s application in Sushrut Samhita.

Brahma Sutra and Vedadikara Nirupanam (Authoritarian Critique of Vedas)

The Vedas are one of the oldest manuscripts in the world literature. The word Veda is derived from the Sanskrit root ‘vid’ which means knowledge, but it could be attributed as a bundle of knowledge of the Vedic period. All the Indian chronicles and myths extol the Vedas. There is not even a single mantra anywhere in the sacred text repudiating anyone the right to become versed in Vedas but the authority to study and teach the Vedas abounding with knowledge, has been interpreted as the right of a monopolized community gradually. Prominent social reformers like Dayananda Saraswati and Swami Vivekananda who visited India in the late 19th century argued that everyone has the right to study the Vedas. Meanwhile, Chattambi Swami wrote Vedadhikara Nirupanam, proclaiming that the right to study Veda belongs to everyone in Kerala. In this book, Chattambi Swami analyses extensively the question of who is qualified to study the Vedas and has explicitly established that everyone who has the desire to study the Vedas and the customs in rapport with it are eligible for the study. The dissension created by this work was tremendous during the time when the elite castes and scholars of the society strongly believed and argued that only Brahmins had the dominion to study the Vedas. Vyaptheshcha Samajasam is elaborated in the Brahma Sutras as follows. Para brahma swaroopi, Parameswaran (Lord Shiva) is omnipresent, omnipotent, omniscient and absolute. On account of this, it is equitable to say that even if there is a disparity in the name or context of the theosophical form of knowledge, the objective serves as the same. The purpose of all techniques is to illustrate the essence of God in copious ways. They all have similarities in it. Therefore every theosophy is analogous. After reflecting the Vedic forms and significance of the Vedas, Chattambi Swami encompasses the principles of Shruti(what is heard), Yukti(logic) and Anubhavam (experience) and depicts his own perceptions. Similarly, Swami meticulously discusses who is a Brahmin. For instance, Swami examines whether any of these qualities like pure knowledge, birth, noble action and self knowledge make a person a Brahmin or a combination of all these. From this discussion it is implicit that a Brahmin is only one who has wisdom and associated noble deeds. The dogma that the Shudrascannot be educated ‘nasthrishudrau vedamathiyatham’, this verse is neither a Veda nor a Smriti, it is just a sutra (aphorism).It is not accepted or studied anywhere in Shruti (what is heard) Smriti (what is recollected) mythological texts. Therefore, it does not have to be accepted as a doctrine. The verse means that women and Shudras need not have to study but it cannot be interpreted that they are incapable to learn. Even if it is argued that Shudras (lowest ranked of the four varnas of Hindu caste system) have no authority to study the Puranas, many of the authors of the Puranas are Shudras. The veracity of the matter cannot be denied. Most people know that the author of the Suta Samhita is also a Shudra. Ergo, the eminence of that book cannot be deemed as inferior. Parasaran, the son of Odakkari, and Vyasa, the son of Mukuvathi (fisherwoman) compiled the Vedas and were also Brahmins.

A BIRD’S EYE VIEW ON RAKTAMOKSHANA IN LIGHT OF SAMHITA

Ayurveda delineates dosha dushya sammurchana as cause of vyadhi and samyata of dosha provides arogya. Panchakarma is a pentagonal cleansing process of Ayurveda where, it eliminates vitiated dosha. There are different types of shodhana therapies have been described in samhita like vamana, virechana, raktamokshana etc. out of which raktamokshana is considered as best therapy for pitta and rakta pradoshaja vyadhi. So raktamokshana by different modalities is much more effective in resolving pathogenesis in these diseases. The process of raktamokshana can be traced back to the vedic period. Acharya Susruta has mentioned regarding bloodletting in detail in his treatise. To expel out the vitiated blood, seven procedures are advocated; Sira Vedhana (Venesection) Sringa avacharana (Horn application), Alabu aavacharana (Gourd application), Jalouka avacharana (Leech application), Pracchana karma (Scrapping), Ghati Yantra avacharana (Cupping glass application) and Suchi avacharana (Needle application). Raktamokshana can attenuate several conditions foremost related to rakta dushti vikaras. Here an attempt has been made to recollect details regarding raktamokshana prescribed in treatises.