Zur Geschichte der finiten Differenzen

2021 ◽  
pp. 292-304
Author(s):  
Rita Meyer-Spasche
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Finite Differences ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Definite Integrals ◽  
Mathematical Sciences

Since the time of the Romans finite differences were used to simplify computations in many ways; after the 17th century for instance for localizing zeroes of functions, approximating definite integrals or producing numerical tables. Up to 1900 they were used very rarely for solving differential equations numerically. After 1900, when the importance of differential equations grew dramatically, finite differences became one of the main tools for solving them. This article focusses on the state of knowledge and skills about the theory of finite differences on the eve of this change. It relies strongly on the article by D. Selivanov in the encyclopaedia because it provides the needed overview. Keywords: calculus of finite differences; state of knowledge around 1900; Demetrius Seliwanoff; encyclopaedia of the mathematical sciences and their applications, vol 1 (1904);

Rekonstruktion des Ursprungs und Neudatierung zweier magischer Gemmen mit Hilfe einer Zauberzeichensequenz

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Kirsten Dzwiza
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
New Findings ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Museum Of Fine Arts ◽  
First Time

SummaryThere are only a few sequences of ancient magic signs known to us today that have been preserved on multiple artefacts. A previously unnoticed sequence of 17 signs on a gem in the Museum of Fine Arts in Vienna occurs with minor but significant variations on two other gems in the State Museum of Egyptian Art in Munich. The Viennese gem is dated to the 16th century and is documented as a drawing in a 17th century publication. The first Munich gem has been assigned to the Graeco-Roman period. The second gem, which, according to the inventory card of the museum, also belongs to the Graeco-Roman period, is published here for the first time. A comparative study of the three gems and the drawing has lead to a number of new findings, including the re-dating of the Munich gems.

scholarly journals Differential Games for an Infinite 2-Systems of Differential Equations

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 1467
Author(s):  
Muminjon Tukhtasinov ◽  
Gafurjan Ibragimov ◽  
Sarvinoz Kuchkarova ◽  
Risman Mat Hasim
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Differential Games ◽  
Differential Game ◽  
Infinite System ◽  
The State ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Systems Of Differential Equations ◽  
Pursuit And Evasion

A pursuit differential game described by an infinite system of 2-systems is studied in Hilbert space l2. Geometric constraints are imposed on control parameters of pursuer and evader. The purpose of pursuer is to bring the state of the system to the origin of the Hilbert space l2 and the evader tries to prevent this. Differential game is completed if the state of the system reaches the origin of l2. The problem is to find a guaranteed pursuit and evasion times. We give an equation for the guaranteed pursuit time and propose an explicit strategy for the pursuer. Additionally, a guaranteed evasion time is found.

Filippov solutions of vector Dirichlet problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-416
Author(s):  
Hana Machů
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
The State ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Dirichlet Problems ◽  
Filippov Solutions ◽  
Natural Notion ◽  
Growth Restrictions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Effective Growth

Abstract If in the right-hand sides of given differential equations occur discontinuities in the state variables, then the natural notion of a solution is the one in the sense of Filippov. In our paper, we will consider this type of solutions for vector Dirichlet problems. The obtained theorems deal with the existence and localization of Filippov solutions, under effective growth restrictions. Two illustrative examples are supplied.

Marine Pipeline Analysis Based on Newton’s Method With an Arctic Application

1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Dareing ◽  
R. F. Neathery
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solution ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Newton’S Method ◽  
Finite Differences ◽  
Newton's Method ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Iterative Solutions ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Pipe Deflection

Newton’s method is used to solve the nonlinear differential equations of bending for marine pipelines suspended between a lay-barge and the ocean floor. Newton’s method leads to linear differential equations, which are expressed in terms of finite differences and solved numerically. The success of Newton’s method depends on initial trial solutions, which in this paper are catenaries. Iterative solutions converge rapidly toward the exact solution (pipe deflection) even though large bending moments exist in the pipe. Example calculations are given for a 48-in. pipeline suspended in 300 ft of water.

Justice without the State within the State

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
North America ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
State Courts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions

History of justice is not only the history of state justice. Rather, we often deal with a coexistence of state, parastatal and non-state courts. Interesting research questions emerge out of this constellation: Where are notions of just conflict resolution most likely to be enforceable? To what extent is non-state jurisdiction a mode of self-regulation of social groups who define themselves by means of ethnic, religious or functional criteria? How do state and non-state ambitions interact? This collective volume contains contributions exploring non-state and parastatal justice between the 17th century and the present in Europe, Asia, North America as well as from a global perspective.

scholarly journals Pendulum with aerodynamic and viscous damping

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Herlin Soraya
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Stable State ◽  
The State ◽  
Linear Differential Equations ◽  
Viscous Damping ◽  
Viscous Damper ◽  
Aerodynamic Damping ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper we discuss about how the relationship between non-linear differential equations on aerodynamic damping with linearly viscous damping equations. And it turns out after analyzing that the changes that occur pendulum that changes from the start of the maximum state to a stable state takes time so that changes that occur until the state is stable, this change can be reduced with the use of viscous damper

scholarly journals A Business Analysis Perspective for Engineering Education in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ashraf Elsafty ◽  
Hanaa El Sayad ◽  
Ibrahim Shaaban
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Business Perspective ◽  
Underlying Causes

This work examines engineering education in Egypt provided by state (government funded) universities. There have been concerns from all stakeholders about the graduates’ knowledge and skills. The chronic problems with higher education in Egypt in general have been previously reported in the Literature, but this paper provides insights form engineering academics with many years of experience in Egyptian engineering education and a fresh look from a business perspective at the phenomenon. In this manuscript, the institutions are analyzed using the integrated business anatomy model, in order to identify the underlying causes of the problems observed. The structural, operational and environmental (both external and internal) challenges that lead to the current status are clearly detected. The analysis highlighted several constraints that hinder radical reforms. Amongst these constraints is the legal and organizational framework in which the state funded universities operate. Other social, technological and economic factors also play important parts. The recipe for improvement provided by the authors has taken all these elements into consideration. This work hopes to provide focus and direction for future reform efforts.

scholarly journals God, volk en imperium in het Zuid-Nederlandse politieke discours van de vroege 17de eeuw

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Lieven Boes
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Knowledge

The ideas of the late humanists of the early 17th century, unlike those of their 15th and16th century predecessors, have received relatively little attention among modern dayscholars. Through Institutionum Politicarum Libri Quatuor (1623), a work by the handof Nicolaus Vernulaeus (1583-1649), humanist and professor of Latin and rhetoric at theuniversity of Leuven, I will demonstrate that this lack of historical knowledge does notreflect a lack of interesting sources for this period. Vernulaeus holds highly originalideas about the state and political power. Using concepts such as people, religion andempire in often rather unconventional ways, his work develops an original conceptionof the respublica.

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