scholarly journals Bagaimana Mengembangkan Kemampuan Spasial dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah?: Suatu Tinjauan Literatur

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
S Sudirman ◽  
Fiki Alghadari
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Spatial Language ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Folding Paper

Spatial ability is an important one of the abilities for completing many tasks in everyday life successfully. Spatial ability is considered a type of different ability to others. Therefore, there needs a study on how are the characteristics of spatial abilities and to develop in schools. This paper is to reveal the ways are developing spatial abilities in learning mathematics. Based on literature review from some research, at least that there are six ways to develop spatial abilities in learning mathematics, namely: (1) using spatial language in daily interactions; (2) teaching for sketching and drawing; (3) using a suitable game; (4) using a tangram; (5) using video games; and (6) origami and folding paper. Playing video games like Tetris are exercises for spatial relations, mental rotation, spatial orientation, and spatial visualization.

Sex-Linked Inheritance of Spatial Ability

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 610-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence C. Hartlage
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
Visualization Ability

Studies involving the inheritance of primary mental abilities in twins have generally shown that spatial ability appears to be the ability most influenced by hereditary factors (Thurstone, Thurstone, & Strandskov, 1955; Vandenberg, 1965). Stafford (1961), using the Identical Blocks Test as a measure of spatial visualization, demonstrated that a sex-linked recessive gene may be involved in the transmission of spatial abilities. The present study represented an attempt to replicate Stafford's earlier work, using a test which represented a reasonably pure measure of spatial visualization ability.

Contribution of Sex-Differentiated Experiences to Spatial and Mechanical Reasoning Abilities

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford E. Lunneborg ◽  
Patricia W. Lunneborg
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
First Year College ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Mechanical Reasoning ◽  
First Year College Students

For 137 women and 115 men first-year college students tested spatial visualization and mechanical reasoning were most strongly correlated with four everyday spatial abilities—understanding mathematics/science and graphs/charts, drafting and drawing things, and arranging objects. Despite greater practice on only 2 of 10 activities, men uniformly judged they had significantly better spatial ability compared to their same-gender peers than did the women.

Dynamic Assessment of Spatial Abilities of Young Children: Effects of Gender and Task Characteristics

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tzuriel ◽  
Gila Egozi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Verbal Abilities ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Ground Test ◽  
Gender Groups

The main objectives of this study were to investigate: (a) gender differences in spatial abilities of kindergartners, (b) the effects of a teaching, using dynamic assessment (DA), on cognitive modifiability of spatial abilities, and (c) the effects of task characteristics (rotation, symmetry, complexity) on mental rotation performance. Thirty two boys and 32 kindergarten girls, 5 to 6 years old, were administered the Spatial Relations subtest (PMA), the Mental Rotation subtest (CMB), the Visual Figure Ground test, and the Dynamic Embedded Figures Test. The results revealed a significant pre- to postteaching improvement in mental rotation and spatial visualization in both gender groups. Boys showed higher performance than girls on easy preteaching mental rotation tasks but the girls closed the gap on the postteaching test. On difficult mental rotation tasks (e.g., higher rotation or higher complexity) boys and girls showed similar pre-teaching performance, but boys showed higher performance than girls on the postteaching test. Pearson correlations between spatial and verbal abilities were higher among girls than among boys — a result which was explained by the girls’ tendency to use their verbal abilities for solving spatial problems, especially for the spatial visualization tasks. Boys tended to separate between the two domains and use a holistic spatial strategy.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN SPASIAL MATEMATIS DITINJAU DARI PERBEDAAN GENDER SISWA KELAS VIII

Factor M ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Ismi ◽  
Al Kusaeri ◽  
Kiki Riska Ayu Kurniawati ◽  
Habib Ratu Perwira Negara
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Male Subjects

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan spasial matematis siswa yang ditinjau berdasarkan perbedaan gender pada pelajaran matematika Pokok Bahasan Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar kelas VIII. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Praya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 4 orang siswa dari 27 siswa kelas VIII dengan ketentuan 2 subjek bergender laki-laki dan 2 subjek bergender perempuan yang memiliki kemampuan spasial matematis tertinggi dari semua siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan spasial matematis dan wawancara. Teknis analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mereduksi data, menyajikan data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Pengecekan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kemampuan spasial visualization subjek laki-laki dan subjek perempuan memiliki kemampuan yang sama ditunjukkan dari kemampuan dalam menentukan komposisi suatu objek setelah dimanipulasi posisi dan bentuknya. Sedangkan dalam menyelesakan masalah yang terkait dengan spatial orientation dan spatial relation subjek laki-laki lebih dominan menggunakan kemampuan spasialnya dibandingkan subjek perempuan.Kata Kunci: Gender, Kemampuan Spasial Matematis ABSTRACTThis study aims to describe the students' mathematical spatial abilities based on gender differences in the VIII grade Mathematics subject. The population in this study were eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Praya. The subjects of this study were 4 students from 27 students of class VIII with the provisions of 2 male gender subjects and 2 female gender subjects who had the highest mathematical spatial ability of all students. The instruments used in this study were tests of mathematical spatial abilities and interviews. Technical data analysis is done by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Checking the validity of the data using triangulation techniques. The results showed that the spatial visualization ability of male subjects and female subjects had the same ability as indicated by the ability to determine the composition of an object after being manipulated in its position and shape. Meanwhile, in solving problems related to spatial orientation and spatial relations, male subjects are more dominant in using their spatial abilities than female subjects.KeywordsGender, Mathematical Spatial Ability

Unpacking The Relation Between Spatial Abilities and Creativity in Geometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-328
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Gridos ◽  
◽  
Evgenios Avgerinos ◽  
Eleni Deliyianni ◽  
Iliada Elia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Multiple Solution ◽  
Ninth Graders ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Solution Problem

This study aims to examine the relation between spatial ability and creativity in Geometry. Data was collected from 94 ninth graders. Three spatial abilities were investigated: spatial visualization, spatial relations and closure flexibility. As for students' creativity, it was examined through a multiple solution problem in Geometry focusing on three components of creativity: fluency, flexibility, and originality. The results revealed that spatial visualization predicted flexibility and originality while closure flexibility predicted all creativity components. Additionally, it was deduced that auxiliary constructions played an essential role in the problem-solution process. Finally, further study opportunities for the teaching and learning of Geometry are discussed.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF INTERTEXTUAL BASED LEARNING STRATEGY USING VISUALIZATION MODEL TO IMPROVE SPATIAL ABILITY ON MOLECULAR GEOMETRY CONCEPT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfahmi Zulfahmi ◽  
Wiji Wiji ◽  
Sri Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Valence Bond ◽  
Molecular Geometry ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Research Subjects

This study aims to develop intertextual-based learning strategies using visualization models to improve students' spatial abilities on molecular geometry concepts. In this study using the method of Research and Development (RD). The research subjects used were 20 high school 10th grade students. In this study the instrument used was in the form of an intertextual-based learning strategy validation sheet with visualization models, 3D visualization software, and spatial ability tests. Spatial ability consists of three indicators to be evaluated, namely spatial relations, spatial orientation, and spatial visualization. The results of intertextual-based learning strategy research with developed visualization models can improve spatial ability. Students can understand molecular geometry from the concept of VSEPR theory and valence bond theory. Results pre-test student on the spatial relations (26.67%), spatial orientation (10.10%), and spatial visualization (7.41%). After being tested intertextual-based learning strategies with visualization models of students' post-test results on the spatial relations (58.33%), spatial orientation (50.00%), and spatial visualization (27.78%).

scholarly journals Profil Kemampuan Spasial dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Materi Balok dan Kubus Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 1 Genteng

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Silvia Vera Lestari ◽  
Sunardi Sunardi ◽  
Titik Sugiarti ◽  
Silaturohman Silaturohman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Class Viii

Mathematics is one part of the science in education that we learn. In studying mathematics, especially geometry, spatial abilities play an important role in it. The purpose of this study was to describe the spatial ability profile of class VIII SMPN 1 Genteng  in solving cuboid and cube theory problems for male and female students. Indicators of spatial ability are developed based on elements of spatial ability, namely spatial perception, mental rotation, and spatial visualization. The results of this study are male students with high spatial ability can master all elements of spatial ability, male students with moderate spatial ability are able to fulfill several elements of spatial ability. Female students with high spatial ability can fulfill all elements of spatial ability, female students with moderate spatial ability are able to fulfill several elements of spatial ability, female students with low spatial ability have difficulty fulfilling elements of spatial ability.

scholarly journals INTERVENSI ORIGAMI BERBASIS EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN SPASIAL ANAK USIA DINI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Agnes Victoria Lukman ◽  
Riana Sahrani ◽  
Riana Sahrani ◽  
Soemiarti Patmonodewo ◽  
Soemiarti Patmonodewo
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
School Year ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Learning Through Experience

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas intervensi origami berbasis experiential learning dalam meningkatkan kemampuan spasial anak usia dini. Kemampuan spasial merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang diperlukan manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kemampuan spasial merupakan aspek dari kognisi yang berkembang sejalan dengan perkembangan kognitif. Kemampuan spasial pada anak berhubungan dengan relasi topologi atau spasial dua arah, seperti atas-bawah, kanan-kiri, depan-belakang. Banyak media yang terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan spasial pada anak, salah satunya adalah origami. Dalam kegiatan origami, anak diajak untuk berpartisipasi aktif agar dapat membuat figur origami. Hal ini juga dibutuhkan dalam metode experiential learning. Experiential learning merupakan proses belajar melalui pengalaman (learning by doing). Dalam metode ini, siswa berpartisipasi aktif dalam sebuah kegiatan, sehingga menghasilkan pengetahuan atau kemampuan yang baru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 3 orang yang merupakan siswa/i kelas K2 TK X dengan karakteristik: (a) usia partiipan antara 5-6 tahun; (b) partisipan sedang menjalani pendidikan di kelas K2 TK X tahun ajaran 2017-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain dalam-kelompok, one-group pretest posttest. Peneliti memberikan intervensi origami berbasis experiential learning kepada partisipan penelitian setelah melakukan pre-test dan melakukan post-test terhadap partisipan setelah 8 sesi intervensi diberikan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan kemampuan spasial partisipan mengalami peningkatan meskipun pada dimensi yang berbeda. Hasil post-test pada partisipan penelitian menunjukkan intervensi origami berbasis experiential learning meningkatkan kemampuan spasial anak anak usia dini. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of experiential learning-based origami intervention in improving young children’s spatial ability. Spatial ability is a fundamental aspect of cognition that develops in line with cognitive development. Spatial ability in children is associated with topological or two-way spatial relations, such as top-bottom, right-left, front-back. Many media are proven to improve spatial abilities in children, one of which is origami. In origami, children are invited to actively participate in order to make origami figures. This is also needed in experiential learning methods. Experiential learning is a process of learning through experience (learning by doing). In this method, students actively participate in an activity, so as to produce new knowledge or abilities. This research is a quasi-experimental research. There were 3 participants who were students of K2 Grade of Kindergarten X with the following characteristics: (a) the age of participants between 5-6 years; (b) participants are undergoing education in K2 grade kindergarten X during 2017-2018 school year. This study uses within-group design, one-group pretest posttest. The researcher gave origami intervention based on experiential learning to the study participants after pre-test, and administered post-test on the participants after 8 sessions of intervention were conducted. The result of this study indicates that the spatial ability of participants had increased, although in different dimensions. The results of post-test on participants showed that origami interventions based on experiential learning improve the spatial abilities of young children.

scholarly journals Spatial ability differences between students with a math learning disability and their other normal colleagues

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Shawky ◽  
Ehab Elbiblawy ◽  
Guenter Maresch
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Disability Evaluation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Math Learning ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Mathematics

Purpose This study aims to investigate the differences in spatial ability between students with a math learning disability and their normal peers. Design/methodology/approach To investigate these differences two groups, (60 students with a math learning disability) and (60 normal students) from fifth grade with a mean age (10.6 years) were administered with spatial ability test along with an IQ test. Students with a math learning disability were chosen using measures of the following: math learning disability questionnaire developed from learning disability evaluation scale – renormed second edition (LDES-R2) (McCarney and Arthaud, 2007) and the Quick Neurological Screening Test (Mutti et al., 2012), in addition to their marks in formal math tests in school. Findings Comparison between the two groups in four aspects of spatial ability resulted in obvious differences in each aspect of spatial ability (spatial relations, mental rotation, spatial visualization and spatial orientation); these differences were clear, especially in mental rotation and spatial visualization. Originality/value This paper contributes to gain more insights into the characteristics of pupils with a math learning disability, the nature of spatial abilities and its effect on a math learning disability. Moreover, the results suggest spatial ability to be an important diagnose factor to distinguish and identify students with a math learning disability, and that spatial ability is strongly relevant to math achievement. The results have significant implications for success in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics domain.

Predicting Memory for Words and Symbols from Spatial Abilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (18) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175
Author(s):  
Sally A. Stader ◽  
Grant S. Taylor ◽  
JoAnn Harvan-Chin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Phonological Loop ◽  
Spatial Processing ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Location Memory ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
With Memory

This study seeks to better understand the aspects of working memory, particularly spatial processing, involved in memory for visually presented verbal and non-verbal stimuli. Prior research has suggested that there are separate memory stores for words and symbols. It is proposed that memory for the location of words is assisted by the phonological loop, which provides comprehension, and a contextual basis to use logical reasoning to determine the location of words. Participants in this study were tested on measures of object and location memory, spatial relations, spatial visualization, as well as their memory for the location of words or symbols, and reading comprehension. Results suggest different processes are involved when remembering the location of words when compared to remembering the location of symbols. The measure for location memory was found to have a significant negative relationship with memory for the location of words, suggesting that subjects with better location memory (who, presumably, rely on it more), end up suffering on the memory for the location of words measure by not relying on the more effective method of using context to deduce the locations. With all measures contributing to a regression equation, roughly 50% of the variance of both memory for the location of words and symbols was accounted for.

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