scholarly journals Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure on Hearing and Auditory Evoked Potentials, ABR and AMLR in Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (08) ◽  
pp. 685-695
Author(s):  
Ishara Ramkissoon ◽  
Mihika Batavia
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Middle Latency Response ◽  
Auditory Middle Latency Response ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
The Right

AbstractPopulation health is impacted by environmental secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Although the negative health effects of SHS exposure include respiratory problems in children (nonsmokers) as seen in cigarette smokers, other health impacts such as sensory function are not assumed to be the same for both passive nonsmokers and smokers. However, hearing loss was recently reported in adolescents and aging adults with SHS exposure, suggesting that SHS might impact auditory function similarly to cigarette smoking. Specific effects of SHS exposure on the central auditory system have not been fully described.To measure auditory function via pure-tone audiometry and evoked potentials in young nonsmoking adults aged 18–23 yr who reported exposure to environmental SHS.Participants were selected for the SHS-exposed (SHS-E) group first, followed by age and gender matched individuals for the SHS-unexposed (SHS-U) group. Self-reported nonsmoker status was confirmed by biochemical analysis of urine for cotinine level.Potential participants (N = 208) completed a questionnaire about health, smoking history, SHS exposure, and hearing ability. Individuals with any neurological conditions, alcohol/drug dependencies, excessive noise exposure, using certain medications, or current smokers were excluded. Twenty-two nonsmokers in excellent health consented to participate. Participants in the SHS-E group reported SHS exposure in home, work, or social settings for an extensive time period. Participants in the SHS-U group did not live with smokers and reported no SHS exposure, medication use, tinnitus, or any chemical exposures. Statistical analysis was conducted on data from 20 participants, 10 per group with a mean age of 20 yr.Participants underwent auditory procedures in one session in an IAC sound-treated room, including otoscopy, tympanometry, pure-tone threshold evaluation, auditory brainstem response per ear, and a three-channel auditory middle latency response in the right ear. The primary study outcomes were hearing thresholds measured (dB HL) at five frequencies, and evoked potential wave latencies (I, III, V, Na, Pa, Nb, Pb) and amplitudes (V–I, Na–Pa, Pa–Nb, Nb–Pb). It was hypothesized that SHS-exposed individuals would have poorer hearing sensitivity (threshold >25 dB HL) and abnormal central auditory function (longer latencies; smaller amplitudes) based on evoked potentials. Statistical analyses focused on identification of group differences in hearing and central auditory function.All participants had normal hearing sensitivity (thresholds ≤25 dB HL) with no significant group differences. The V/I amplitude ratio in the right ear was significantly decreased in SHS-exposed individuals (p < 0.05). Auditory brainstem response latencies were not significantly different between participant groups or ears. Wave Pb latency was significantly increased in SHS-exposed individuals (p < 0.01). Auditory middle latency response relative amplitudes were significantly different from each other at every electrode site (Cz, Fz, C4) but not between groups. Overall, the Na–Pa complex was highest in amplitude at all three electrode sites.This preliminary study indicated toxic effects of SHS exposure by evoked potentials with decreased V/I amplitude ratio and longer (delayed) Pb latency in young adults. Further studies should corroborate these findings to facilitate clinical recommendations.

Hit and False-Alarm Rates of Selected ABR Indices in Differentiating Cochlear Disorders From Acoustic Tumors

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. Musiek ◽  
Cynthia A. McCormick ◽  
Raymond M. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Latency Difference ◽  
Cochlear Pathology ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Absolute Latency ◽  
Two Indices ◽  
Low Sensitivity

We performed a retrospective study of 26 patients with acoustic tumors and 26 patients with otologically diagnosed cochlear pathology to determine the sensitivity (hit rate), specificity (false-alarm rate), and efficiency of six auditory brainstem response indices. In addition, a utility value was determined for each of these six indices. The I–V interwave interval, the interaural latency difference, and the absolute latency of wave V provided the highest hit rates, the best A’ values and good utility. The V/I amplitude ratio index provided high specificity but low sensitivity scores. In regard to sensitivity and specificity, using the combination of two indices provided little overall improvement over the best one-index measures.

scholarly journals Auditory evoked potentials and multiple sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Gentile Matas ◽  
Sandro Luiz de Andrade Matas ◽  
Caroline Rondina Salzano de Oliveira ◽  
Isabela Crivellaro Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
And Gender

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease that can affect several areas of the central nervous system. Damage along the auditory pathway can alter its integrity significantly. Therefore, it is important to investigate the auditory pathway, from the brainstem to the cortex, in individuals with MS. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize auditory evoked potentials in adults with MS of the remittent-recurrent type. METHOD: The study comprised 25 individuals with MS, between 25 and 55 years, and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (research and control groups). Subjects underwent audiological and electrophysiological evaluations. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the results of the auditory brainstem response and the latency of the Na and P300 waves. CONCLUSION: Individuals with MS present abnormalities in auditory evoked potentials indicating dysfunction of different regions of the central auditory nervous system.

scholarly journals Auditory brainstem responses in the red-eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans (Testudoformes: Emydidae) reveal sexually dimorphic hearing sensitivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 205 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongliang Wang ◽  
Handong Li ◽  
Jianguo Cui ◽  
Xiaofei Zhai ◽  
Haitao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Trachemys Scripta Elegans ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Auditory Systems

Abstract Hearing sensitivity is of general interest from the perspective of understanding the functionality and evolution of vertebrate auditory systems. Sexual dimorphism of auditory systems has been reported in several species of vertebrates, but little is known about this phenomenon in turtles. Some morphological characteristics, such as middle ear and tympanic membrane that influence the hearing sensitivity of animals can result in hearing sexual dimorphism. To examine whether sexual dimorphism in hearing sensitivity occurs in turtles and to compare hearing characteristics with respect to the shape of the tympanic membrane, we measured the hearing sensitivity and tympanum diameter in both sexes of Trachemys scripta elegans. The results showed that, with the exception of 0.9 kHz, auditory brainstem response thresholds were significantly lower in females than in males for frequencies in the 0.2–1.1 kHz range, indicating that the hearing of females shows greater sensitivity. No significant differences were detected in the tympanum diameter of both sexes. These results showed that sexually dimorphic hearing sensitivity has evolved in turtles; however, this difference does not appear to be related to differences in the size of the tympanic membrane. The possible origin and function of the sexual differences in auditory characteristic are discussed.

Analysis of Click and Swept-Tone Auditory Brainstem Response Results for Moderate and Severe Sensorineural Hearing Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
Jingqian Tan ◽  
Jia Luo ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yanbing Jiang ◽  
Xiangli Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Response ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Frequency Components

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Auditory brainstem response (ABR) is one of the commonly used methods in clinical settings to evaluate the hearing sensitivity and auditory function. The current ABR measurement usually adopts click sound as the stimuli. However, there may be partial ABR amplitude attenuation due to the delay characteristics of the cochlear traveling wave along the basilar membrane. To solve that problem, a swept-tone method was proposed, in which the show-up time of different frequency components was adjusted to compensate the delay characteristics of the cochlear basilar membrane; therefore, different ABR subcomponents of different frequencies were synchronized. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The normal hearing group, moderate sensorineural hearing loss group, and severe sensorineural hearing loss group underwent click ABR and swept-tone ABR with different stimulus intensities. The latencies and amplitudes of waves I, III, and V in 2 detections were recorded. <b><i>Results:</i></b> It was found that the latency of each of the recorded I, III, and V waves detected by swept-tone ABR was shorter than that by click ABR in both the control group and experimental groups. In addition, the amplitude of each of the recorded I, III, and V waves, except V waves under 60 dB nHL in the moderate sensorineural hearing loss group, detected by swept-tone ABR was larger than that by click ABR. The results also showed that the swept-tone ABR could measure the visible V waves at lower stimulus levels in the severe sensorineural hearing loss group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Swept-tone improves the ABR waveforms and helps to obtain more accurate threshold to some extent. Therefore, the proposed swept-tone ABR may provide a new solution for better morphology of ABR waveform, which can help to make more accurate diagnosis about the hearing functionality in the clinic.

scholarly journals Hormones and Hearing: Central Auditory Processing in Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 493-501
Author(s):  
Skylar Trott ◽  
Trey Cline ◽  
Jeffrey Weihing ◽  
Deidra Beshear ◽  
Matthew Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brainstem Response

AbstractEstrogen has been identified as playing a key role in many organ systems. Recently, estrogen has been found to be produced in the human brain and is believed contribute to central auditory processing. After menopause, a low estrogen state, many women report hearing loss but demonstrate no deficits in peripheral hearing sensitivity, which support the notion that estrogen plays an effect on central auditory processing. Although animal research on estrogen and hearing loss is extensive, there is little in the literature on the human model.The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between hormonal changes and hearing as it relates to higher auditory function in pre- and postmenopausal (Post-M) females.A prospective, group comparison study.Twenty eight women between the ages of 18 and 70 at the University of Kentucky were recruited.Participants were separated into premenopausal and peri-/Post-M groups. Participants had normal peripheral hearing sensitivity and underwent a behavioral auditory processing battery and electrophysiological evaluation. An analysis of variance was performed to address the aims of the study.Results from the study demonstrated statistically significant difference between groups, where Post-M females had difficulties in spatial hearing abilities as reflected on the Listening in Spatialized Noise Test–Sentences test. In addition, measures on the auditory brainstem response and the middle latency response reflected statistically significant differences between groups with Post-M females having longer latencies.Results from the present study demonstrated significant differences between groups, particularly listening in noise. Females who present with auditory complaints in spite of normal hearing thresholds should have a more extensive audiological evaluation to further evaluate possible central deficits.

scholarly journals The Auditory Brainstem Response: Latencies Obtained in Children While under General Anesthesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 057-063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda W. Norrix ◽  
Stacey Trepanier ◽  
Matthew Atlas ◽  
Darlyne Kim
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Response ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Group Delays

Background: The auditory brainstem response (ABR) test is frequently employed to estimate hearing sensitivity and assess the integrity of the ascending auditory system. In persons who cannot participate in conventional tests of hearing, a short-acting general anesthetic is used, recordings are obtained, and the results are compared with normative data. However, several factors (e.g., anesthesia, temperature changes) can contribute to delayed absolute and interpeak latencies, making it difficult to evaluate the integrity of the person's auditory brainstem function. Purpose: In this study, we investigated the latencies of ABR responses in children who received general anesthesia. Research Design: Between subject. Study Sample: Twelve children between the ages of 29 and 52 mo, most of whom exhibited a developmental delay but normal peripheral auditory function, comprised the anesthesia group. Twelve participants between the ages of 13 and 26 yr with normal hearing thresholds comprised the control group. Data Collection and Analysis: ABRs from a single ear from children, recorded under general anesthesia, were retrospectively analyzed and compared to those obtained from a control group with no anesthesia. ABRs were generated using 80 dB nHL rarefaction click stimuli. T-tests, corrected for alpha slippage, were employed to examine latency differences between groups. Results: There were significant delays in latencies for children evaluated under general anesthesia compared to the control group. Delays were observed for wave V and the interpeak intervals I–III, III–V, and I–V. Conclusions: Our data suggest that caution is needed in interpreting neural function from ABR data recorded while a child is under general anesthesia.

Positional Nystagmus of Central Origin

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 085-092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick E. Cobb ◽  
Lauren B. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Positional Nystagmus ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Central Origin ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
The Right

Audiometric, electrophysiologic, and radiographic findings for a 68-year-old male with an "imbalance" concern are presented. This paper has a two-fold purpose: (1) to present an unusual electronystagmography case study and (2) to highlight the importance of test conditions in lesion localization. The specific disease pathophysiology remains obscure. Repeated hearing tests documented a known hearing impairment with worsening word-recognition ability of the right ear. An initial electronystagmographic exam was normal except for a mild ageotropic direction-changing positional nystagmus with eyes open and fixed. No repeatable click-evoked auditory brainstem response waveforms could be collected. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain documents diffuse ischemic white matter disease. A repeated vestibular examination some months later supports the initial findings. The case illustrates the importance of following diagnostic protocol, of repeated measures, and of using both a visual fixation and a nonfixation condition for select electronystagmographic subtests.

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