scholarly journals FEATURES OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF URGENT SURGICAL ABDOMINAL PATHOLOGY DURING A PANDEMIC OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
V. V. Lesnoy ◽  
A. S. Lesna ◽  
V. A. Filonenko

Summary. Aim. To analyze the features of differential diagnosis of urgent surgical pathology during a coronavirus infection pandemic. Materials and methods. The work is based on the analysis of the results of additional examination of 28 patients at the admission department, who sought medical help in an urgent manner. Results. The advantages and disadvantages of using instrumental methods for detecting atypical forms of coronavirus infection and acute abdominal pathology are analyzed. Based on this, a diagnostic algorithm was developed using express tests for the determination of COVID-19 and urgent ultrasound protocols, which made it possible to identify lung lesions without clinical symptoms in 8 (28.6 %) patients, and to confirm acute surgical pathology in 5 (17.9 %) patients. Conclusion. Еxamining patients with suspected acute abdominal pathology for the purpose of differential diagnosis with the gastrointestinal form of COVID-19, it is necessary to use rapid tests for detecting antibodies to coronavirus infection and sonographic examination of the abdominal organs (FAST protocol), chest organs (BLUE protocol).

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
V. V. Tsukanov ◽  
Yu. L. Tonkikh ◽  
A. V. Vasyutin

The diagnostic algorithm of IBS includes a careful analysis of symptoms in accordance with the requirements of the Rome IV criteria consensus, the use of laboratory and instrumental methods. The IBS therapy is primarily aimed at arresting the prevailing clinical symptoms and is regulated by the modern clinical guidelines. Trimebutin demonstrates high efficacy in the management of pain syndrome and motor control in patients with IBS in comparison with placebo. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
A. S. Vinokurov ◽  
O. I. Belenkaya ◽  
E. A. Zolotova ◽  
S. V. Michurina ◽  
O. O. Vinokurova ◽  
...  

Due to the current epidemiological situation caused by the spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, in March 2020 several Moscow hospitals were completely or partially redesigned to receive patients with community- acquired pneumonia.Purpose. The aim of the survey is to analyze clinical, laboratory and radiological data in patients with coronavirus infection at the early stages of its spread in Russia, and to clarify diseases for differential diagnosis mainly based on CT evidence.Materials and methods. We studied data from 21 patients with verified coronavirus infection admitted to the hospital for community-acquired pneumonia. Clinical symptoms, laboratory and physical indicators, as well as typical lung changes on the CT were evaluated.Results. Major clinical symptoms in coronavirus patients are fever (100%), cough (90.5%), shortness of breath (76.1%). Laboratory indicators showed increases in CRP (85.7%), leukocytosis (66.6%), and LDG (84.6%). According to CT, 95.2% of lung changes involved both sides, and 66.7% occurred in all lung fields. The sign of “ground glass” was observed in a 100% of the cases, its combination with the “paving stone” – in 61,9%, “ground glass” coupled with small areas of consolidations were detected in 33,3% of the cases. Changes such as nodules, cavities and massive areas of consolidation were not identified.Conclusion. On the basis of our own data we confirmed the main trends of diagnostics and clinical features, which were identified by authors from Asia and Europe, who faced this infection earlier, and also considered important CT characteristics useful for differential diagnosis of coronavirus lung damage and other lung diseases.


Author(s):  
Дмитрий Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Олег Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Артём Николаевич Шевцов ◽  
Евгений Владимирович Белов

В статье рассматриваются некоторые особенности выявления больных с «кишечной формой» новой коронавирусной инфекцией у пациентов хирургического профиля на уровне приемного отделения многопрофильного стационара. Данная тематика является весьма актуальной, так как после начала пандемии Covid-19 в 2020 году, было выявлено несколько отличающихся течением, форм заболевания, одной из которых и стала, так называемая «кишечная форма». Большой интерес обусловлен тем, что при данном виде течения патологического процесса практически отсутствуют характерные для Covid-19 симптомы - болезнь, зачастую, маскируется под клинику «острого живота», в виду чего в ряде случаев диагностика ложиться на плечи врачей хирургического профиля. Данная работа стала результатом попытки выявить основные закономерности развития и особенности «течения» у пациентов данной патологии, с выявлением основных клинических симптомов, которые могли бы своевременно помочь с адекватной дифференциальной диагностикой. Объектами исследования послужило 150 пациентов, мужчин и женщин, в возрасте от 19 до 79 лет, мужчин (n=91) и женщин (n=59). Все больные были разделены на 3 группы по 50 человек. В первую группу вошли больные, у которых была выявлена одна из существующих острых хирургических патологий. Вторую группу составили пациенты, у которых была диагностирована «кишечная форма» новой коронавирусной инфекции. В третью группу вошли пациенты, которые ранее уже перенесли Covid-19. В основу исследования лег подробное изучение всех жалоб пациентов. Так были установлены определенные различия между рядом жалоб у пациентов различных групп. Однако ведущим симптомом, заставившем всех больных обратиться в стационар, был болевой синдром. В дальнейшем в работе проведен комплексный анализ боли, ее характер и особенности локализации в зависимости от группы. Важной частью исследования стало также изучение общего анализа крови и биохимического анализа крови, с выделением основных показателей, способных оказать помощь в дифференциальной диагностике. В завершении исследования проводилось изучение данных УЗИ и методов специфической диагностики новой коронавирусной инфекции, позволяющих получить первичные данные о процессе формирования иммунитета после перенесенного Covid-19. Статья интересна прежде всего врачам, занимающимся первичным приемом пациентов в стационарах и поликлиниках The article discusses some of the features of identifying patients with "intestinal form" of new coronavirus infection in surgical patients at the level of the admission department of a multidisciplinary hospital. This topic is very relevant, since after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, several different forms of the disease were identified, one of which became the so-called "intestinal form". The great interest is due to the fact that with this type of pathological process, there are practically no symptoms characteristic of Covid-19 - the disease is often disguised as an acute abdomen clinic, which means that in some cases, the diagnosis falls on the shoulders of surgical doctors. This work was the result of an attempt to identify the main patterns of development and features of the "course" in patients with this pathology, with the identification of the main clinical symptoms that could promptly help with adequate differential diagnosis. The objects of the study were 150 patients, men and women, aged 19 to 79, men (n = 91) and women (n = 59). All patients were divided into 3 groups of 50 people each. The first group included patients who had one of the existing acute surgical pathologies. The second group consisted of patients who were diagnosed with the "intestinal form" of a new coronavirus infection. The third group included patients who had previously suffered from Covid-19. The study was based on a detailed study of all patient complaints. Thus, certain differences were established between a number of complaints in patients of different groups. However, the leading symptom that made all patients go to the hospital was pain syndrome. In the future, a comprehensive analysis of pain, its nature and localization characteristics depending on the group was carried out. An important part of the study was also the study of a general blood test and a biochemical blood test, with the identification of the main indicators that can help in differential diagnosis. At the end of the study, the study of ultrasound data and methods of specific diagnostics of a new coronavirus infection was carried out, which make it possible to obtain primary data on the formation of immunity after the transferred Covid-19. The article is of interest primarily to doctors engaged in the primary admission of patients in hospitals and clinics


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
G M Magomedov ◽  
V P Zemlyanoy ◽  
M M Nakhumov ◽  
B B Namazov

The results of treatment of 97 patients with perforations of the hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract were analyzed, 31 acute intestinal infections of which were verified. Clinical features of perforation of hollow organs on the background of acute intestinal infection have been revealed. A comparative analysis of clinical and instrumental methods for diagnosing perforations in patients with intestinal infections and without them was carried out. The most sensitive in identifying perforations of hollow organs in patients with acute intestinal infections instrumental methods of investigation were diagnostic laparoscopy (100%) and radiography of abdominal organs (80%). It was established that the combination of the two diseases contributes to the growth of diagnostic errors, increase in the number of common forms of peritonitis and development of the syndrome of mutual aggravation. Analysis of surgical interventions showed that in patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute intestinal infection the primary surgical interventions in most patients resulted in the formation of laparostoma with programmed relaparotomy, in connection with the presence of contraindications for the formation of a primary interintestinal anastomosis. Postoperative complications in the study groups developed in 61,3; 41.7 and 23,8% of cases, respectively. In patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute intestinal infection, lethality was 32,3%, in patients with atypical flow of perforations of hollow organs, simulating the symptoms of acute intestinal infection - 16,7 and 14,3% - in patients with perforations of hollow organs without concomitant acute intestinal infection. The results of the research testify to the relevance of the problem under study and the need to optimize therapeutic-diagnostic algorithm for this category of patients.


Author(s):  
I. M. Barsukova ◽  
M. V. Gavshchuk ◽  
A. P. Krivov

Introduction. The problem of diagnostics and treatment of an acute appendicitis, despite of comprehensive study of this issue, remains extremely actual that is caused by a high incidence of appendicitis, considerable number of various complications of this disease in the pre - and postoperative period. The objective of this study is to assess the current state and dynamics of indicators on acute surgical pathology of abdominal organs in St. Petersburg, scientific justification of the main trends in the development of surgical science and practice. Material and methods.Materials on monitoring of acute surgical pathology of abdominal organs in St. Petersburg are presented to one of 7 nosological forms in the article, – an acute appendicitis. Historical-analytical, standard- legal and statistical methods were used.    Results. A decrease in the proportion of patients with acute appendicitis in the structure of 7 nosological forms of acute surgical pathology of the abdominal organs, united in the concept of «acute abdomen» (by 64.18 %: from 91.93 % in 1953 to 27.75 % in 2016); a decrease in the number of operated patients by 67.9 %; an increase in operational activity to 98.28 % in 2016; an increase in the proportion of patients with hospitalization for less than 24 hours from 58.13 % (1932-1946) to 66.74 % (1953-2016); the rate of late hospitalization (later than 24 hours) remains almost stable for the entire period of observation (more than 60 years), and in recent years has even a slight increase (+8.21%). There is a decrease in postoperative mortality in acute appendicitis in 350 times (from 21.00% in 1910 to 0.06% in 2016).Conclusion. The work demonstrates the success of healthcare in the field of emergency surgery, which are due to many factors to improve organizational approaches related to the development of diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis, including – description of characteristic symptoms, introduction of laboratory diagnostics, study of atypical and complicated clinical forms, peculiarities of the disease course in children and elderly people, definition of the terms of surgical intervention, introduction into clinical practice and improvement of instrumental methods of diagnostics and endosurgical methods of appendectomy, etc. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
L. V. Adamyan ◽  
Elena V. Sibirskaya ◽  
S. M. Sharkov ◽  
A. O. Medvedeva

The prevalence of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in girls and girls is extremely high. Their clinical picture can imitate any disease, but most often the differential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs has to be carried out with acute surgical pathology. The most common clinical diagnosis at the admission is suspicion of acute appendicitis. The leading symptoms manifested by patients seeking for medical help are abdominal pains of various nature and localization, as a result of which an incorrect diagnostic algorithm is used and, as a result, the wrong choice of treatment tactics. This article presents an analysis of data that reveal the relevance of the problem of differential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, the clinical picture of which can mimic acute surgical pathology.


2020 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
A. V. Mamoshin ◽  
A. V. Borsukov ◽  
Y. V. Ivanov

The article demonstrates the diagnostic effectiveness of clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods for the differentiation of clinical and morphological forms of acute destructive pancreatitis. The importance of such promising methods as minimally invasive multi-frequency bioimpedancemetry of the pathological focus, the crystallographic study of aspirate performed during fine-needle diagnostic puncture and differential diagnosis of exudative complications of acute destructive pancreatitis is shown. The results obtained determine the necessity of a comprehensive approach with the expansion of the diagnostic algorithm by using fine-needle diagnostic puncture. A comprehensive assessment of diagnostic methods significance can increase the effectiveness of differential diagnosis of clinical and morphological forms of destructive pancreatitis, thereby allowing to timely determinate the tactical position in the treatment of this category of patients.


2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
M. A. Sayfullin ◽  
V. F. Larichev ◽  
Yu. A Akinshina ◽  
N. V Khutoretskaya ◽  
A. M Butenko ◽  
...  

The dynamics of verified cases of dengue fever in Russian tourists for the period 2009-2011 is presented in the paper. A detailed description of the clinical symptoms, common clinical and biochemical indices is given. Two cases of disease in pregnant women are considered. The possibility of mixtinfection of dengue fever with other diseases, as well as difficulties in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of dengue fever have been shown. However, the authors present the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory criteria and proposed diagnostic algorithm based on mentioned indices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
N. V. Petrova ◽  
K. K. Ganina ◽  
S. A. Tarasov

Due to the new coronavirus infection pandemic, the global scientific community has been forced to change the direction of the most research, focusing on vaccine development as well as the search for new antiviral drugs to treat COVID-19. The choice of experimental models, timeframe and approaches for evaluating drugs and vaccines under development is crucial for the development of effective measures to prevent and control this disease.The purpose of this review was to summarize the relevant data concerning the susceptibility of laboratory animals to SARS-CoV-2. This paper describes the most virus-susceptible animal species that can be used to reproduce coronavirus infection, stressing the main advantages and disadvantages of each of them.According to the latest data, small rodents (Rodentia) and non-human primates (Strepsirrhini) are commonly used in the scientific community to model coronavirus infection. The viral load in the upper and lower parts of the respiratory system, clinical symptoms of infection (weight loss, body temperature and general health status), pathomorphological picture in target organs and the production of antibodies after infection are considered to the main markers of pathology. Despite the vast amount of data, none of the described models of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be considered a gold standard, since they do not reproduce all spectrum of morphological and pathogenetic mechanisms of infection, and do not fully reflect the clinical picture observed in patients in human population.Based on the analyzed literature data, we suppose that Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and mice (Muridae) expressing the angiotensin converting enzyme receptor 2 (ACE2) are the most suitable animal species for their use in experiments with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The development of neutralizing antibodies makes it possible to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines, while the course and severity of symptoms infection makes the use of mice and hamsters especially popular for screening pharmacological substances with antiviral mechanism of action, when their administration can prevent or slow the disease progression.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
D. A. Valishin ◽  
A. P. Mamon ◽  
R. T. Murzabaeva ◽  
M. A. Mamon

Introduction. The polyetiology and diversity of clinical manifestations of acute intestinal infections determine the difficulties of the differential diagnosis with acute surgical pathology of the abdominal organs.This study aims to elucidate the causes of the erroneous diagnosis of surgical pathology of the abdominal organs which have symptoms similar to acute intestinal infections.Materials and methods. The paper presents an analysis of 2940 medical records of patients hospitalised in the intestinal infections department of the Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 4 of Ufa with suspected acute intestinal infections. Among these in 42 patients following the clinical and laboratory examinations, the nature of the disease was established as a disorder requiring surgical treatment, and they were transferred  — urgently, more often than not  — to appropriate hospitals.Results and discussion. The authors identified the earliest and most informative clinical, anamnestic and laboratory parameters aimed at making a timely differential diagnosis of acute intestinal infections with a variety of surgical pathology of the abdominal organs, primarily with acute appendicitis, intestinal tumours, somatic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and myocardial infarction.Conclusion. When a non-infectious disease was diagnosed the authors carefully examined the results of general clinical tests, fecal panel, results of bacteriological and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of feces and vomit for pathogenic and opportunistic enterobacteria, rotaviruses, ultrasound and X-ray images of the abdominal organs.


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