scholarly journals WATER RELATION, GAS EXCHANGE AND DRY MATTER PRODUCTION OF COCONUT (COCOS NUCIFERA, L.) UNDER UNIRRIGATED AND IRRIGATED CONDITIONS

CORD ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
K.V. Kasturi Bai ◽  
V. Rajagopal ◽  
D. Balasimha ◽  
P. Gopalasudaram
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Water Relation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
Better Than

The response of local West Coast Tall (WCT) and the two hybrids viz., WCT x Chowghat Orange dwarf (COD) and COD x WCT to moisture availability in terms of water relation, gas exchange and dry matter (DM) production was studied. Discernible differences were noticed between the irrigation treatment (viz., irrigated vs unirrigated) with lower stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in the palms with out irrigation. Irrespective of the cultivar of hybrid leaf water potential was also significantly higher in irrigated palms. Net assimilation rate was lower under uniriigated condition. However genotypic or treatment differences were not significant. Annual DM production also vaned markedly between the irrigation treatments. Treatment differences were significant on the reproductive (RDM) rather then vegetative DM (VDM) production. Under the irrigation treatment the hybrids performed better than the local tall However the percentage reduction in the DM production was relatively less in the local WCT cultivar under unirrigated as compared with irrigated condition. The studies clearly highlighted the beneficial effects of irrigation on DM production and yield in coconut and the adaptability of the local WCT variety under limited water supply than the two hybrids.

The growth of the young coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L). II. The influence of nut size on seedling growth in three cultivars

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Foale
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Sustained Effect ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The growth of three coconut cultivars of the tall type from germination up to 17 months of age was compared by growth analysis. These cultivars differ considerably in mean nut size. Within each cultivar a comparison was also made between the growth of seedlings from small, medium, and large nuts. There were considerable differences between cultivars in seedling growth up to 2 months but these differences did not persist. Similarly differences due to nut size within cultivars were recorded at early harvests but had disappeared by 6 months. Thus neither genotype nor nut size had any sustained effect on the plant size. Consumption of endosperm depended on seed size: evidently a lower, compensating net assimilation rate occurred in plants with large nuts to give a similar total supply of assimilate. This suggests that the potential supply of assimilate was not limiting the growth rate. Large nuts transfer dry matter from the endosperm more rapidly than do smaller nuts; hence under unfavourable conditions for photosynthesis, larger nuts may produce larger seedlings. It is suggested that any seedling selection should be done in a favourable nursery environment so that emphasis is placed on differences in seedling vigour due to genetic variation.

Effects of Temperature and CO2Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Maxine T. Highsmith ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

Comparative Water Relations, Photosynthesis, and Growth of Soybean (Glycine max) and Seven Associated Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Growth dynamics, water relations, and photosynthesis of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Ransom’], common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.), prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL.), spurred anoda [Anoda cristata(L.) Schlect.], and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) were compared in a controlled-environment greenhouse programmed for 32C day and 23C night temperatures. Net photosynthetic rates, net assimilation rates, and water-use efficiency on a whole-plant or single-leaf basis were greatest in the C4-plant, smooth pigweed. Total dry-matter production at 29 days after planting was greatest in common cocklebur and least in jimsonweed. Interspecific differences in dry-matter production were highly positively correlated with leaf area duration and negatively correlated with net assimilation rate. Threshold leaf water-potential levels causing stomatal closure varied among species. The stomata of jimsonweed were the most sensitive to water stress and those of prickly sida were the least sensitive.

AN ANALYSIS OF DRY MATTER PRODUCTION OF DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Brix
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation

Seedlings of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were grown in growth chambers under all combinations of three temperatures (13, 18, and 24 °C) and three light intensities (450, 1000, and 1800 ft-c). Dry matter production of leaves, stem, and roots was determined at 65 and 100 days after germination. The leaf area produced per unit of leaf dry weight and the dry matter distribution to the plant organs was measured. Net assimilation rates between the ages of 65 and 100 days were calculated. Rates of photosynthesis per unit of leaf were determined at different light intensities and temperatures, and rates of respiration of plant top and of roots were found for different temperatures.Increasing light intensity affected dry matter production in two opposing ways: (i) it increased the rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf area, and (ii) it decreased the leaf area added per unit of dry matter produced. A pronounced increase in growth with increase in temperature from 13 to 18 °C was a result of a temperature influence on production of leaf area rather than the effect of photosynthesis per unit of leaf. Net assimilation rates decreased with increase in temperature at all light intensities.

Growth and allocation strategies of some perennial weeds of slash and burn agriculture (Jhum) in northeastern India

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1300-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Saxena ◽  
P. S. Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Growth And Allocation

Growth and allocation patterns of dry matter and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in four important perennial weeds, viz., Eupatorium odoratum, Grewia elastica, Imperata cylindrica, and Thysanolaena maxima, were analysed. Eupatorium odoratum, a C3 species and exclusively dependent upon the sexual mode of reproduction, had the highest values for relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. This species also showed the highest concentrations of nutrients in the leaf tissue. Eupatorium odoratum exhibited a greater allocation of its total biomass as well as nutrients to stem as compared with the other three species all of which can "sprout" (regenerate from underground organs) after fire. The reverse was true for the allocation of biomass and nutrients to the leaf component. The two rhizomatous species (I. cylindrica and T. maxima) diverted significantly greater proportions of dry matter as well as nutrients to belowground tissues compared with the two nonrhizomatous species (E. odoratum and G. elastica). The two C4 species, I. cylindrica and T. maxima, showed higher efficiency in nutrient uptake in spite of their low nutrient demand per unit dry matter production. The findings are discussed in relation to the photosynthetic and regenerative strategies of these species.

A quantitative study of the effects of gibberellic acid on the growth of Festuca arundinacea

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation

Single plants of Festuca arundinacea (cv. S170) were treated with gibberellic acid (GA) and the sequence of effects on the growth of the whole plant and of various organs followed by means of growth analysis. The first effect of GA was to change the distribution of dry matter between shoot and root and between tillers within the shoot without affecting total plant weight. Shoot growth was increased and resulted in a larger amount of photosynthetic tissue with a higher net assimilation rate; total plant weight increased as a consequence of these effects. The significance of these results in interpreting previous work on the effects of GA on dry matter production in grasses and other plants is discussed.

Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Magnesium on Growth of the Oil Palm

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. V. Corley ◽  
C. K. Mok
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Bunch Yield

SUMMARYPotassium application appeared to increase dry matter production and yield of oil palms, primarily by increasing leaf area, while nitrogen increased both leaf area and net assimilation rate. Responses to phosphorus and magnesium were harder to interpret. Production of vegetative dry matter attained a fairly constant level at the higher rates of fertilizer application, while the ratio of bunch yield to total dry matter production was little affected by fertilizer treatments. The importance of these results for oil palm breeding, and their possible value in diagnosing fertilizer requirements, are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Establecimiento y producción de materia seca de gramíneas promisorias en el departamento de Jutiapa, Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Sergio Reyes A. ◽  
Raúl A. Soto O. ◽  
Bugo Vargas B. ◽  
Miguel Gutiérrez O. ◽  
Gonzalo Roldán P.
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Improved Pasture ◽  
Better Than

With the aim of sclecting improved pasture grasses for the sub-humid forcst conditions in the department of Jutiapa, Guatemala, Courteen acccssions previously selected wercevaluated. A split plot randomized complete block design with four replications was used where the main plots were accessions and sub plots cutting frequency (3,5,7 and 9 weeks). Measurements were made during the periods of maximum and minimum precipitation in 1988 and 1989. Mean ground cover was 82.9% ± 8.15 and 72.5% ± 8.34 for maximum and minimum precipitation periods, respectively. Significant (P<0.01) effects of year, precipitation period, accession, cutting frequency and interactions between these variables werc found for dry matter production. The average yield under maximum precipitation was 4.3 ton/ha with B. Dictyoneura, and 6.63 ton/ha for CIAT 6133, both of which being significantly better than the other materials (P ≤ 0.05). Under minimum precipitation, cutting frequencies of 7 and 9 wceks were equal or superior to 3 and 5 weeks, with mean yield of 4.92 t / ha. Entries B. decumbens CIAT 606, P. maximun CIAT 673, P. maximun (local), and P. purpureum cv. Mott were modcrately affected by insects. The entries P. maximun (local) and C. nlemfuensis EAP 138 showed moderate damage by discase.

scholarly journals Effect of ammonium and nitrate source of nitrogen on productivity of photosynthesis in Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Łotocki ◽  
W. Żelawski
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Matter Production

Water culture and sand culture seedlings of Scots pine were investigated in respect to their reaction to ammonium or nitrate source of nitrogen nutrition. Photosynthesis, respiration, and dry matter production were studied in three and four months old plants. The results are preliminary but they have indicated that the effect of various form of nitrogen nutrition on gas exchange and growth rates could change during the growing season.

The response of four perennial grass species to sodium chloride salinity when irrigated with saline waters

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Matter Production

The response of 4 temperate grass species (Lolium perenne cv. Victorian, Thinopyrum ponticum cv. Tyrell, Austrodanthonia richardsonii cv. Taranna, A. bipartita cv. Bunderra) to saline irrigated conditions was evaluated over 4 seasons at Tatura in northern Victoria. This experiment followed earlier research where the salt tolerance of ~20 species of grasses was evaluated in the greenhouse. Field plots were established under non-saline conditions and were irrigated with saline water at 1.6, 2.5, and 4.5 dS/m. Measurements made on these plots included dry-matter production, tissue ion (Na+, Cl–, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) concentrations, in vitro dry-matter digestibility, root distribution, and soil chemistry. Soil salinity (EC1 : 5) and sodicity (SAR1 : 5) levels peaked at 0.30–0.60 m depth and reached 1.3 dS/m and 9.8, respectively, for the highest saline irrigation treatment. Cumulative plant dry-matter production was lower in T. ponticum compared with the Austrodanthonia species and L. perenne at all salinity levels, but in relative terms there was no difference in the salt tolerance among any of the 4 species (the reduction in dry weight at 4.5 dS/m was 10–15% for all species). Leaf tissue concentrations of Na+ and Cl– were significantly lower in A. richardsonii and A. bipartita compared with T. ponticum and L. perenne, and in vitro dry-matter digestibility tended to be greater in L. perenne under saline conditions than in the other 3 species. This research suggests that the 2 native Austrodanthonia species can be grown under moderately saline conditions—either under saline irrigation or in a dryland discharge area—in environments where perennial ryegrass may also be grown.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document