scholarly journals Coconut Cryopreservation: Present Status and Future Prospects

CORD ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Iroshini Welewanni ◽  
Dharshani Bandupriya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cryopreservation Techniques ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Very Low Temperature

Coconut is one of the most important small holder crops worldwide. Conservation of coconut as seeds or field gene banks is not effective due to a range of limitations. Cryopreservation, which is the conservation of living propagules at very low temperature (-196ºC), is the only method available currently for the long-term conservation of germplasm for problem plant species such as recalcitrant and vegetatively propagated plant species. This review summarizes different cryopreservation techniques that have been published from 1984 until the present in relation to different coconut material; it includes a brief discussion about short and medium-term cryopreservation before describing long-term preservation. It discusses factors affecting the process and success of cryopreservation, such as selection of plant material, pre-culture of tissues, osmoprotection, dehydration, cryo-storage, thawing and post-culturing of tissues, and finally to plants. The review also describes histological and ultra-structural studies on and the use of molecular markers to assess genetic stability after cryopreservation. Limitations and future directions related to coconut cryopreservation are discussed. Additional experiments are identified that will need to be undertaken to improve our understanding of the different cryopreservation methods.

scholarly journals Freeze-Concentrated Phase and State Transition Temperatures of Mixtures of Low and High Molecular Weight Cryoprotectants

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma J. Flores-Ramírez ◽  
Pedro García-Coronado ◽  
Alicia Grajales-Lagunes ◽  
Raúl González García ◽  
Miguel Abud Archila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Transition ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Thermal Transition ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Calorimetric Measurements ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Selection Of

Although numerous studies have been conducted on the use of cryoprotectants to prevent the deterioration of food during freezing and frozen storage, scarce reports exist on the thermal transition properties of aqueous cryoprotectant solutions at frozen temperatures. The selection of a suitable cryoprotective medium for the long-term preservation of food requires knowledge of the effects of cryoprotectants and their concentration on the freeze-concentrated unfrozen phase and state transition temperatures known asTg′,Tm′, andTm. Calorimetric measurements were conducted to determine theTg′,Tm′, andTmvalues of thirty frozen aqueous solutions containing maltodextrin, polydextrose, and glucose, in which a distance-based experimental design was used for mixtures of four components to establish their corresponding mass fractions in the mixtures. Thermograms, measured during heating/rewarming from –70 to 20°C, were used to identify the glass transition and freezing temperatures. Mathematical expressions forTg′,Tm′, andTmas a function of the mass fractions of cryoprotectants and water and their interactions (p< 0.05) were developed to aid the formulation of cryoprotective media involving more than two cryoprotectants for adequate frozen conservation of high and intermediate moisture foodstuffs.

scholarly journals Significant factors affecting the selection of rational options for power supply in an off-grid zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Ivanova Irina
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fuel Delivery ◽  
Generating Equipment ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Significant Factors

The paper presents a short characteristic of an off-grid zone in the eastern regions of the Russian Federation. The main problems of power supply to consumers in this zone are described, and possible options for solving them are provided. A methodological approach and model tools to estimate the efficiency of alternative options of power supply to off-grid consumers are described. The factors affecting the selection of a rational option of power supply in the off-grid zone are classified. We show the interconnection between the main significant factors (availability of grid infrastructure, local fuel resources, complexity of fuel delivery logistics, characteristics of accessible power-generating equipment, and environmental constraints) and their impact on economic indicators of alternative options. Based on the systematized results of long-term studies, we present a scheme designed to select a rational option of power supply to a particular off-grid consumer according to characteristics of the described factors. Keywords: Off-grid consumers, alternative options, impact of factors, economic indicators, methodological approach, simulation models, economic efficiency.

Factors Affecting the Outlook for Medium-term to Long-term Growth in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Yifu Lin ◽  
Guanghua Wan ◽  
Peter J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Medium Term ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKIP) pada Wanita Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) di Kabupaten Kendal Tahun 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Sri Setiasih ◽  
Bagoes Widjanarko ◽  
Tinuk Istiarti
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Husband Support ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTAnalysis Factors Affecting Selection Of Long-Term Contraception Method (Ltcm) Non Hormonal On Woman Of Fertile Couple (Pus) In Kendal By 2013; Women of fertile couple more than 30 years old have a higher risk factor for their health, including reproduction, which is expected they will use LTCM non-Hormonal. The purpose of this study is to analyze factors that related to the selection of LTCM Non-Hormonal in women of fertile couple in Kendal 2013. The type of this research is descriptive analytics and cross-sectional design with quantitative and qualitative approaches and the sample is 400 respondents from 20 districts in Kendal Regency. The qualitative sample is 6 respondents. The results showed a relationship between knowledge with selection of contraception method (p value = 0.034), there is a relationship between attitudes to the selection of contraception method (p value = 0.027), there is a relationship between support of birth control officer with selection contraception method (p value = 0.049), and there is a correlation between the availability of service of birth control with the selection of contraception method (p value = 0.011), there is no relationship between husband support to selection of contraception method (p value = 0835, and there is no relationship between religious leaders or community leaders on selection contraception method (p value = 0384). The most influential factor in the selection of LTCM non-hormonal is the attitude with OR 2,041.Keywords : selection of long term contraception, factor, affect

Long-term investigation of constructed wetland wastewater treatment and reuse: Selection of adapted plant species for metaremediation

2017 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mounir Saggaï ◽  
Abdelkader Ainouche ◽  
Mark Nelson ◽  
Florence Cattin ◽  
Abdelhak El Amrani
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals How can we improve our web collection? An evaluation of webarchiving at the KB National Library of the Netherlands (2007–2017)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sierman ◽  
Kees Teszelszky
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
National Library ◽  
Open Archival Information System ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Initial Selection ◽  
The Web ◽  
Selection Of

In 2007, the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, the Dutch National Library (KB-NL), started the project ‘webarchiving’ based on a selection of Dutch websites. The initial selection of 1000 websites has currently grown into over 12,000 selected websites, crawled at different intervals. Although due to legal restrictions the current use is limited to the KB-NL reading room, it is important that the KB-NL includes the requirements of the (future) users in its approach to creating a web collection. With respect to the long-term preservation of the collection, we also need to incorporate the requirements for long-term archiving in our approach, as described in the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Model ISO 14721: 2012. This article describes the results of a research project on webarchiving and the web collection of archived sites in the KB-NL, investigating the following questions. What is webarchiving in the Netherlands? What are the selection criteria of KB-NL and how are these related to what can be found on the Dutch web by the contemporary user? What is the influence of the choice of tools we use to harvest the final archived website? Do we know enough of the value of the web collection and the potential usage of it by researchers and how can we improve this value? This article will describe the outcomes of the research, the conclusions and advice that can be drawn from it and it is hoped will inspire broader discussions about the essence of creating web collections for long-term preservation as part of cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Agronomic Plant Germplasm Using Vitrification-Based Methods: An Overview of Selected Case Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6157
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda ◽  
Dariusz Kulus ◽  
Angela Vacaro de Souza ◽  
Behzad Kaviani ◽  
Eduardo Festozo Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Cryopreservation Techniques

Numerous environmental and endogenous factors affect the level of genetic diversity in natural populations. Genetic variability is the cornerstone of evolution and adaptation of species. However, currently, more and more plant species and local varieties (landraces) are on the brink of extinction due to anthropopression and climate change. Their preservation is imperative for the sake of future breeding programs. Gene banks have been created worldwide to conserve different plant species of cultural and economic importance. Many of them apply cryopreservation, a conservation method in which ultra-low temperatures (−135 °C to −196 °C) are used for long-term storage of tissue samples, with little risk of variation occurrence. Cells can be successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (LN) when the adverse effect of ice crystal formation and growth is mitigated by the removal of water and the formation of the so-called biological glass (vitrification). This state can be achieved in several ways. The involvement of key cold-regulated genes and proteins in the acquisition of cold tolerance in plant tissues may additionally improve the survival of LN-stored explants. The present review explains the importance of cryostorage in agronomy and presents an overview of the recent works accomplished with this strategy. The most widely used cryopreservation techniques, classic and modern cryoprotective agents, and some protocols applied in crops are considered to understand which parameters provide the establishment of high quality and broadly applicable cryopreservation. Attention is also focused on the issues of genetic integrity and functional genomics in plant cryobiology.

scholarly journals THE USE OF DORMANT-BUD CRYOPRESERVATION FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE OF PECAN AND WALNUT GERMPLASM

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1142c-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Morrissey ◽  
William A. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Dormant Bud ◽  
If Current ◽  
Cryopreservation Techniques ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Term Storage

A study was designed to determine if current dormant-bud cryopreservation techniques investigated on woody plants, such as apple (Malus domestica), gooseberry (Ribes), blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) and pear (Pryus communis) etc., could be applied to certain nut tree species for long-term preservation. Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and black walnut (Juglans nigra) were exposed to prefreezing temperatures ranging from -10° C to -40° C and then directly immersed in liquid nitrogen for 2 hrs. Dehydration by prefreezing was not sufficient for bud survival in pecan. Bud survival was increased by dehydrating stem sections prior to prefreezing. Prefreezing at -30° or -40° C was suitable for survival of black walnut.

scholarly journals Cryobiotechnology: A Double-Edged Sword for Obligate Plant Pathogens

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1058-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Minrui Wang ◽  
Jingwei Li ◽  
Zhenhua Cui ◽  
Gayle M. Volk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Cryopreservation Techniques ◽  
Vegetatively Propagated Plants ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Pathogen-free stock plants are required as propagation materials in nurseries and healthy materials are needed in germplasm exchange between countries or regions through quarantine programs. In addition, plant gene banks also prefer to maintain pathogen-free germplasm collections. Shoot tip cryotherapy is a novel biotechnology method whereby cryopreservation methods are used to eradicate obligate pathogens from vegetatively propagated plants. Long-term preservation of pathogens is necessary in all types of virus-related basic research and applications such as antigen preparation for virus detection by immunology-based methods, production of plant-based vaccines, genetic transformation to produce virus-derived resistant transgenic plants, and bionanotechnology to produce nano drugs. Obligate plant pathogens such as viruses and viroids are intracellular parasites that colonize only living cells of the hosts. Therefore, their long-term preservation is difficult. Cryotreatments cannot completely eradicate the obligate pathogens that do not infect meristematic cells and certain proportions of plants recovered from cryotreatments are still pathogen-infected. Furthermore, cryotreatments often fail to eradicate the obligate pathogens that infect meristematic cells. Cryopreservation can be used for the long-term cryopreservation of the obligate plant pathogens. Thus, cryobiotechnology functions as a double-edged sword for plant pathogen eradication and cryopreservation. This review provides updated a synthesis of advances in cryopreservation techniques for eradication and cryopreservation of obligate plant pathogens.

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