scholarly journals LOSSES IN WHEAT CROP AS A FUNCTION OF THE WATER CONTENT OF THE GRAINS AT HARVEST

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Fernando Shintate Galindo ◽  
João Luis Zocoler ◽  
Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
José Mateus Kondo Santini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Harvest Moisture ◽  
Natural Drying

The objective was to study the harvest point for the wheat crop, associated maximum grain yield and productive components with different harvest moisture and losses on natural drying in the field with different water levels in grain. The treatments consisted of the following crop moisture levels (on wet basis) of the grains: 27.9 (point of full physiological maturity), 22.6; 19.9; 18.1; 15; and 12.9%, evaluating the number of spikelets per spike, number of voids grains, number of grains per spike and per spikelet, percentage of lodging, thousand grain mass, number of ears per meter, hectoliter mass, and yield. The largest wheat yield was obtained with the grain harvest at physiological maturity point, decreasing linearly until natural drying to 13% (on a wet basis).

scholarly journals Wheat yield in the Cerrado as affected by nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 794-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Shintate Galindo ◽  
Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
José Mateus Kondo Santini ◽  
Cleiton José Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
N Rates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense, associated with N rates and sources, in soil of the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna), on the grain yield of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum). The experiment was carried out under a no-tillage system in a Typic Haplustox. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replicates, in a 2x5x2 factorial arrangement: two N sources (urea and urea with NBPT urease inhibitor); five N rates applied as topdressing (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1); and with or without seed inoculation with A.brasilense. The increase in the N rates positively affected spike length, number of spikelets and of grains per spike, number of spikes per meter, N accumulation in the straw, leaf chlorophyll content, and grain yield of irrigated wheat, regardless of the use of NBPT urease inhibitor with conventional urea. Singly, inoculation with A.brasilense does not affect production components and grain yield, despite the increase in N content in wheat straw. The inoculation with A.brasilense, associated with the application of 140 kg ha-1 N, provides the highest grain yield of irrigated wheat cropped after corn in low-altitude Cerrado.

Alternatives to summerfallow and subsequent wheat and barley yield on a Dark Brown soil

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Suitable Alternative

A number of alternative options to summerfallow are feasible on the Dark Brown soils of the Canadian prairies. These include recropping to cereal or pulse crops, as well as use of summerfallow substitute crops, such as legume green manures. The objective of this study was to evaluate these options for their impact on the productivity of subsequent crops. Green-manure lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.), incorporated at either the bud or full-bloom stage of growth, field pew (Pisum sativum L.), grain lentil, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown as grain were compared with conventional summerfallow for their impact on yield of a succeeding wheat crop and of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown the year after wheat on a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil at Scott, Saskatchewan. During the 5-yr period, 1984–1988, above-ground dry-matter production of green-manure lentil averaged 500 kg ha−1 at the bud stage of growth but more than doubled to 3170 kg ha−1, by full bloom. Grain yield of field pea averaged 1470 kg ha−1, while that of grain lentil, unfertilized wheat, and N-fertilized wheat averaged 1220, 1290 and 1490 kg ha−1, respectively. Considerable year-to-year yield variation occurred with all crops, variability being greatest for lentil. Yield of wheat grown after lentil green manure was similar to yield of wheat on summerfallow (2340 kg ha−1) during each of the 5 yr for both early (2360 kg ha−1) and late (2250 kg ha−1) incorporation. Wheat yield after pea (2210 kg ha−1) or grain lentil (2080 kg ha−) was reduced in 1987, but it was equal to wheat yield after summerfallow during the remaining 4 yr. Yield of wheat on wheat stubble, whether fertilized with N (1830 kg ha−1) or not (1610 kg ha−1), was generally lower than on summerfallow. Yield of barley grown the following year was generally unaffected by summerfallow or summerfallow substitute treatments. The higher value and similar productivity of pea and grain lentil, compared with wheat, combined with their favourable impact on subsequent wheat yield, should make these crops attractive alternatives to summerfallow. On fields unsuited to pea or grain lentil production, lentil green manures may be a suitable alternative to summerfallow because they should reduce soil degradation, although lentil green manures leave little residue to protect against soil erosion where through incorporation is practised. Summerfallow or green manure incorporated early or late generally resulted in greater available soil water and N for a succeeding crop than did grain lentil, pea or wheat. Key words: Green manuring, legume effect, recropping, lentil, grain yield, summerfallow alternatives

scholarly journals RESPONS OF BREAD WHEAT YIELD AND IT,S COMPONENTS TO BORON AND VITAMIN C FOLIAR APPLIED

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Hilfy & Zeboon
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Spike Number

Field experiment was conducted during 2010 – 2011 and 2011 – 2012 winter seasons at the Experimental Farm, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture University of Baghdad. RCBD design with four replications were used to study the effect of Boron and vitamin C foliar applied on yield and some it,s components of bread  wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv. Abu – Ghraib-3. The experiment involved two factors ,the first was boron foliar in five concentrations  0,100, 200, 300, 400 mg L-1  the second was vitamin C foliar applied in five concentrations 0,1,2,3,4, gmL-1 at booting stage. Results of the experiment showed :300 mg B L-1 was  superior in grain yield 6.726,6.771 Mg ha-1)   for both seasons and some yield components ( spike number for the second season 574.9 spike m-2 , fertility 97.27% 97.34% and number of grain 66.39 , 65,22 grain spik-1 ) for both seasons . Foliar of Vitamin C with 4 gm L-1 was significantly affected grain yield (6.820 , 6.879 Mg ha-1 ) for both seasons respectively . Foliar of Vitamin C with 4 gm L-1 was significantly affected on grain yield and some it,s components (6.820 , 6.878 Mg ha-1 ) as compared to control which gave (4.882 ,4.906 Mg ha-1) for both seasons, respectively .The interaction between two factors was significant in some characters ( number of spike and grain yield ).

scholarly journals LOSSES INCURRED IN SOYBEAN DEPENDING ON THE WATER CONTENT AT GRAINS HARVEST

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Fernando Shintate Galindo ◽  
João Luis Zocoler ◽  
Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
José Mateus Kondo Santini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Natural Drying ◽  
The Ideal

The objective of this work was to study the ideal water content at grains at harvest of soybean crop, yield and production components as well as losses from natural drying in the field at different water contents at grains harvest. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with 4 repetitions and the treatments consisted in the harvest of the following average levels of water contents of grains on a wet basis: 37.9 (point of full physiological maturity), 20.2, 18.7, 15.6, 14.4, and 13.1%. The final population of plants, 100-kernel weight and potential yield of grains linearly decreased with the reduction of grain moisture content at harvest, however, the anticipation of the soybean harvest causes higher losses, with ideal harvesting point close to 13% moisture (W.B.).

scholarly journals Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Wheat Varieties as Influenced by Foliar Potassium under Drought Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shah ◽  
A.Z. Khan ◽  
M. Numan ◽  
W. Ahmad ◽  
M. Zahoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

AbstractWater stress experienced by a wheat crop during growth is recognized to have accumulative effect stated as a decline in total biomass over well water potential. The yield and nutrient uptake performance of two wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) varieties (Pirsabak-2013 and Atta Habib) to foliar feeding of 2% potassium (K) at three various growth phases (Zadoks GS-22, Zadoks GS-60 and Zadoks GS-73) was explored under water restricted environment in a wire house trial at the Agriculture Research Station, Harichand, Charsadda. The target was to find out the preeminent K application stage for enhancement in the drought tolerance potential. Drought stress was generated by suppression of irrigation at the three growth phases and then K was sprayed with the carboxymethyl cellulose as a sticking agent, however Tween-20 was used as a surfactant for foliar spray. Data about several agronomic characters (plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant) of crop were documented via standard techniques. Moreover, at maturity, aboveground nitrogen, phosphorus, K, sodium and calcium uptakes by the crop were determined. The results point out that drought stress at all three acute growth phases unfavorably affected plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and nutrient uptake of the wheat plant. The exogenous K application under drought stress at all three acute growth phases boosted tolerance of wheat by decreasing noxious nutrient’s uptake and augmenting the yield and yield characters. In this concerns, both varieties exposed undeviating behavior. Extreme enhancement in all the documented yield parameters and nutrients uptake was attained when K was practiced at grain filling stage of both varieties.

Improving soil phosphorus supply and wheat yield with manure-amended phosphate fertilizer

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akhtar ◽  
Wasiq Ikram ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Sundas Yousaf ◽  
Syed M. Waqas Gillani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractMixing of phosphate fertilizer with farmyard manure (FYM) is a simple technique for optimizing phosphorus (P) availability and then improving the productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in alkaline calcareous soils. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and phosphoric acid (PA) were applied to soil at 36 mg P kg−1, either as sole or after amending 1-g P fertilizer with 2-g FYM (1:2, w/w basis). After 45-day incubation, concentration of P ions in the soil solution (Cp) and exchangeable P present in soil solid (E-value) were determined to evaluate the amount of total plant-available pool. The FYM-amended fertilizers, i.e., PA+FYM and DAP+FYM, showed higher E-values, i.e., 114 and 97 mg kg−1 soil, respectively. Similarly, PA+FYM exhibited the highest proportion of P derived from fertilizer (Pdff = 51.5%) and induced the highest P uptake by wheat seedlings (L-value = 72.1 mg kg−1). Consequently, PA+FYM and DAP+FYM treatments caused higher grain yield and P-use efficiency. The regression analysis revealed strong and positive correlation between L-value and grain yield (r = 0.86), biomass production (r = 0.84) and P-use efficiency (r = 0.87) by wheat crop. Results suggested that FYM-amended inorganic P fertilizer can be a promising technique to optimize supply of P from soil, improve efficiency of inorganic P fertilizers, and improve wheat yield in alkaline calcareous soils.

Grain yield of wheat in rotation with pea, vetch or medic grown with three systems of management

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Green Manure Crop ◽  
Legume Crop

Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alma), vetch (Vicia sativa L. cv. Languedoc) and annual medic (Medicago truncatula Gaertn. cv. Paraggio) were grown at Brinkworth, South Australia, in 1987 in large (0.75 ha) plots and subjected to 3 systems of management: (i) ploughing in at flowering as a green manure crop, (ii) harvesting for grain and ploughing in the dry residues, and (iii) harvesting for grain and removing the residues. A wheat crop was sown over the whole area in the following season (1988) and the effects of type of legume and management on grain yield and grain protein content were measured. The management system imposed on the legume had a highly significant (P<0.01) effect on the grain yield of the following wheat crop, but there were no significant differences between the 3 legumes in their effects on wheat yield or on grain protein content. Ploughing in the legumes as a green manure crop at flowering added about 100 kg/ha more nitrogen (N) to the soil than allowing the legumes to mature, harvesting for seed, and removing residues. Incorporating the dry residues rather than removing them added about 26 kg N/ha. The green manure crop significantly increased subsequent wheat yield (by 49%; P<0.001) and protein content of the grain (by 13%; P<0.05) compared with the treatment in which the legumes were harvested for grain and all residues removed; incorporating the dry residues increased yield by 10%. It is concluded that the amount of N added during the legume phase in a rotation is more important than the kind of legume from which the N is derived. The occasional use of a dense legume crop as a green manure may rapidly add a large amount of N to a soil to be slowly exploited by following grain crops.

scholarly journals Potential soil moisture deficit: A useful approach to save water with enhanced growth and productivity of wheat crop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Atif Rasool ◽  
Sohail Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Madad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Wheat is the main crop in the world ranks after rice and the largest grain source of Pakistan. Among several reasons for diminishing wheat yield in Pakistan, water stress throughout the growing season decreases crop production because of the short life span. Two years (2015–16 and 2016–17) field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of various water regimes (full irrigation, irrigation at 45, 60, and 75 mm potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD)) on the growth and yield of wheat. Maximum crop growth rate was recorded by application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensured maximum radiation use efficiency regarding total dry matter production and grain yield. The maximum number of productive tillers, spike length, and grain yield were recorded under 45 mm PSDM treatment. The present results show that the effect of water is more pronounced regarding the growth and productivity of wheat. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensures higher economical yield.

scholarly journals Genotype x environment interaction analysis of Triticum aestivum L. for yield components

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
İ. Öztürk ◽  
K.Z. Korkut
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Biological Yield

Abstract. Genotypes performance changes due to environmental pressures or stresses and differences in their ability to adapt to the stress factors. Drought is the main abiotic stress factor affecting bread wheat yield and yield component. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Trakia Agricultural Research Institute, Edirne (Turkey), in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, and 15 wheat genotypes were planted in RCBD in a split-plot with three replications. The main plots were assigned to five moisture regimes, which included 3 drought stress environments, one non-stress and one non-treatment environment. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used to determine genotypes environment interaction. Grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, spike number per square meter, kernel and spikelet number per spike, length of spike and plant height were investigated. PCA indicated that the first (46.31%) and second (25.32%) components justified 71.63% of variations in the investigated yield parameters of the genotypes. Based on GGE biplot results, Kate A-1 and Tekirdağ genotypes were determined as the most stable cultivars for grain yield. Mean values of the genotypes varied between 3830-6583 kg ha-1 for grain yield, 20170-25394 kg ha-1 for biological yield, 68.6-110.9cm for plant height, 30.2-38.3 for kernel number in spike, 328.8-486.6 for spike number per square meter and 6.57-9.17cm for spike length. Clusters I and II were more clearly separated. In the first group of clusters 6 genotypes are located including one line and five cultivars. In the second group of clusters 8 genotypes are located including five advanced lines and four cultivars.

Increasing production of an annual medic - wheat rotation by grazing and grass removal with herbicides in the Victorian Mallee

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Latta ◽  
E. D. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Seed Yields

Summary. The productivity of an annual medic-based pasture–pasture–wheat rotation in response to chemical grass control and stocking rate treatments was evaluated over 3 years. Fluazifop applied in 1991 reduced the annual grass component during the pasture years (to <2% in 1991 and <5% in 1992) and grass densities in the 1993 wheat phase. This improved winter herbage production in 1992 (>50%) and the 1993 wheat yield (>40%). Glyphosate applied during the winter of 1991 reduced the grass component and the winter and total herbage production in that year, and grass populations in 1992. Glyphosate applied during the spring of 1991 reduced the medic seed yields and the grass and medic densities in 1992. There were no pasture or cereal production benefits measured from the 1991 glyphosate applications. All the above comparisons were made with no herbicide in 1991 followed by glyphosate applied during the winter of 1992, a common district practice. Stocking at twice the district average, over all herbicide treatments, reduced the 1991 winter herbage production but maintained or improved the 1992 winter and total herbage production, compared with the district average stocking rate. The high stocking rate resulted in lower grass densities in the 1993 wheat crop and increased the wheat grain yield by 0.5 t/ha.

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