scholarly journals Antioxidants enzyme activity in Brassica oleracea var. acephala under cadmium stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kanita Šabanović ◽  
Ahmet Yildirim ◽  
Jasmin Šutković
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Antioxidants Enzymes ◽  
Hybrid Variety

When a plant is under heavy metals stress, it has different mechanism of coping with it. Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) is a plant that has an ability of heavy metal accumulation and removal of heavy metals from the ground. The plants were  exposed to 50, 100, 200, and 500 μM of CdCl2 for 5days, in controlled in vitro conditions. Root length was measured to confirm the Cd effect on plant growth. There are five key antioxidants enzymes responsible for the regulation of heavy metals stress: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Peroxidase (POD) and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO). All enzymes showed significant activity, especially triggered by 500 μM CdCl2 in both varieties. The domestic sorts seem more resistant if compared to hybrid variety, showing significant lower expression of antioxidants enzymes at higher concentrations.  In general, significant percentage of enzymes is more expressed in the hybrid Italian sort, Nero di Toscana, indicating the ability of domestic sorts to be more resistant to heavy metal stress.

scholarly journals Bioindication of Heavy Metals in a Waterfall Outflow Using a Bryophyte Community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narin Printarakul ◽  
Weeradej Meeinkuirt
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
National Park ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Aquatic Bryophytes

Abstract Huay Pah Lahd stream in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Thailand, is potentially vulnerable to nearby anthropogenic activities. In this study, we determined heavy metal accumulation in bryophyte tissue and their growth substrates. Enrichment factors (EFs) of heavy metals were employed to monitor concentrations in bryophyte tissue. Of eight bryophyte taxa investigated, Scopelophila cataractae showed the highest capacity to accumulate metals in tissue, particularly Fe, Zn, Cd and Cu in protonemata (8,026.7, 1,187.2, 16.9 and 530.1 mg kg-1, respectively). Furthermore, the endangered and rare bryophyte taxa S. cataractae and Porella acutifolia were found intermingled with other urban and common aquatic bryophytes. These taxa might be considered sensitive warning organisms for heavy metal stress in stream ecosystems induced by environmental pollution. Because EFs of all heavy metals were < 2, this suggests that natural processes are the key source of heavy metals; furthermore, the environment of this National Park was identified as being heathy, and an important ecosystem buffer and biodiversity haven.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of Metal Tolerance Genes in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum): Response to Two Heavy Metal Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Li ◽  
Guandi He ◽  
Weijun Tian ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Lulu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Zinc Stress

Abstract Metal tolerance proteins play an important role in the transport and tolerance of divalent heavy metals in plant species. Potatoes are an important food crop whose yields can be deeply affected by heavy metals. However, there is a lack of information concerning the members and function of the MTP gene family in Solanum tuberosum. In this study, we identified and screened 11 MTP genes in potatoes which we named as StMTP1 to StMTP11 based on their positions on the chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis divided these 11 MTP genes into three subfamilies; Mn-MTP, Zn-MTP and Zn/Fe-MTP. HXXXD and DXXXD conserved motifs were found on or around the transmembrane domain II and transmembrane domain V of these proteins. The highly conserved histidine and aspartic acid residues may be related to the transport of metal ions. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression levels of StMTP9 and StMTP10 in leaf tissues increased by around 24-fold following cadmium stress for 24 hours. We hypothesize that StMTP9 and StMTP10 respond to cadmium stress. StMTP11 showed the highest level of expression in stem tissues after 6 hours of zinc stress at more than 13 times the level of expression in controls indicating that StMTP11 is more sensitive to zinc stress. In summary, our results further the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulated by members of the MTP gene family in plant responses to heavy metal stress.

scholarly journals Response of the callus cells of fir (Abies nordmanniana) to in vitro heavy metal stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nawrot-Chorabik
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
Long Time

Abstract The aim of the presented research was to investigate the effect of three heavy metals - lead, cadmium and copper - on the callus cells of Abies nordmanniana. The toxicity degree and toxicity effect of the selected heavy metals was determined on the embryonic level. On the basis of the spectrometric analyses as well as macroscopic and microscopic observations, this research referred to the accumulation of heavy metals in tissues, assuming that this mechanism is related to the acquisition of tolerance by cells exposed to this type of abiotic stress. Moreover, the effect of the genotype of fir on the cell defence, that is, the induction of tolerance, was analysed. Understanding of the issues related to the heavy metal resistance of plant genotypes in future may contribute to the selection of genotypes of individuals that are more resistant to stress factors, particularly in the multi-directional and rational forest management. The results showed that lead (20 mg l-1), which proved to be the most toxic amongst the three examined heavy metals, has the most severe negative effects on the tissue of fir trees. Copper (20 mg l-1) was accumulated for a long time in the cells of fir trees, and it was not degraded or excreted outside the tissues even after three weeks of in vitro culture. Of the three tested genotypes, G14 had the greatest tendency to accumulate each of the examined metals, that is, it appeared to be the least tolerant genotype.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Potential Agents in Ameliorating Heavy Metal Stress in Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Dhalaria ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Harsh Kumar ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Metal Stress

Heavy metal accumulation in plants is a severe environmental problem, rising at an expeditious rate. Heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, mercury and lead are known environmental pollutants that exert noxious effects on the morpho-physiological and biological attributes of a plant. Due to their mobile nature, they have become an extended part of the food chain and affect human health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ameliorate metal toxicity as they intensify the plant’s ability to tolerate metal stress. Mycorrhizal fungi have vesicles, which are analogous to fungal vacuoles and accumulate massive amount of heavy metals in them. With the help of a pervasive hyphal network, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi help in the uptake of water and nutrients, thereby abating the use of chemical fertilizers on the plants. They also promote resistance parameters in the plants, secrete a glycoprotein named glomalin that reduces the metal uptake in plants by forming glycoprotein–metal complexes, and improve the quality of the soil. They also assist plants in phytoremediation by increasing the absorptive area, increase the antioxidant response, chelate heavy metals and stimulate genes for protein synthesis that reduce the damage caused by free radicals. The current manuscript focuses on the uptake of heavy metals, accumulation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal impact in ameliorating heavy metal stress in plants.

scholarly journals Responses of Two Barley Subspecies to In vitro-Induced Heavy Metal Stress: Seeds Germination, Seedlings Growth and Cytotoxicity Assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nouri ◽  
Taoufik El Rasafi ◽  
Abdelmajid Haddioui
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Seeds Germination

Abstract In this work three heavy metals: cadmium (as CdSO4), cobalt (as CoCl2) and zinc (as ZnSO4), were used to determine and compare their toxicity towards two subspecies of barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare L. and Hordeum vulgare subsp. distichum L.), focusing on seeds germination, seedlings growth, and cytological parameters. The results indicate that the effect of these heavy metals depends on the metal kind, the metal concentrations and the plant subspecies. Generally, in the case of H. vulgare, the heavy metal salts understudy did not influence significantly seed germination and seedling growth parameters. However, these metal salts influence significantly these parameters for H. distichum. The cytological test showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the mitotic index among the increase of the heavy metal concentrations when evaluated with the control for H. vulgare and H. distichum. Consequently, H. vulgare seemed to be more tolerant of the increase of the three heavy metals concentrations than H. distichum.

scholarly journals Effects of Wood Vinegar and Bio char on Germination of Pakchoi Seeds under Different Cadmium Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
YongChol Ju ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Chol Jong ◽  
TaeHo Yun ◽  
IINam Ri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Mixed Treatment ◽  
Metal Treatment ◽  
Cadmium Contaminated Soil

Wood vinegar is widely used as a strong antioxidant, bacteria prevention, plant growth agent, an insecticide, and its effectiveness is shown in heavy metal treatment at this time.Wood vinegar liquid contains organic acids and phenols, which are effective in adsorbing heavy metals. Although a lot of studies have been conducted on the adsorption of heavy metals from biochar, the effect of mixing biochar and wood vinegar liquid on plant budding, and soil heavy metal morphology changes few studies have been analyzed. This paper analyzes the effects of Wood vinegar and biochar on the sprouting of pakchoi grown in different threats of cadmium from the nature of Wood vinegar. As a result, it was confirmed that the optimum concentration of the applied fertilizer wood vinegar that lowers the plant effectiveness of Cadmium was 1.0%. The fresh weight of pakchoi changed significantly in the order of biochar + wood vinegar 1.0% mixing> biochar> control. When 5.0% Biochar was mixed with 1.0% wood vinegar, the immobilization effect of the residual state and the carbonate bound cadmium in the soil was the highest. The combined application of wood vinegar and biochar promotes the germination of pakchoi, and has a significant inactivation effect on cadmium-contaminated soil; the results of analyzing the effectiveness of the mixing of wood vinegar and biochar and separate fertilization for each soil index show that, Compared to before sowing the pH ratio of the mixed treatment of biochar + wood vinegar is higher than that of the single treatment zone, which is as high as between 6.6-6.8, the EC is reduced to 2-59mS/cm width, and the CEC is increased by 0.27-2.21 times. It shows that under heavy metal stress, the mixed treatment of biochar+wood vinegar solution 1.0% is more effective than the treatment of biochar alone and the control.

scholarly journals Hazardous Waste Management Approach for Heavy Metals in Soil by Phytoremediation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Dr. Ashwini A. Waoo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Practical Applications

There have been a lot of practical applications of phytoremediation in the last ten years, involving organic, inorganic, heavy metal, and radionuclide remediation. India would find this to be an excellent alternative to conventional remediation methods as it is a sustainable and inexpensive process. The huge retention of industrial waste in soil resulted in soil pollution which is more hazardous due to the long-term persistence of contaminants. A major source of hazardous waste products in Bhopal city is the industrial region. Near residential areas, industries produce pollution that can be very harmful to human health. The objective of this research was to determine which heavy metal accumulators are capable of absorption and translocation of heavy metals. In the Govindpura sampling sites, Cr and Ni concentrations were higher, while Cd concentrations were lower. Phytoremediation was conducted by comparing the heavy metal accumulation of Datura inoxia, Calotropis procera, Ricinus commmunis, and Polygonum in vitro cultures.

A brief Survey of Assessment models to Predict stress Level of Heavy Metals in Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Annam ◽  
Anshu Singla
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress

Abstract: Soil is a major and important natural resource, which not only supports human life but also furnish commodities for ecological and economic growth. Ecological risk has posed a serious threat to the ecosystem by the degradation of soil. The high-stress level of heavy metals like chromium, copper, cadmium, etc. produce ecological risks which include: decrease in the fertility of the soil; reduction in crop yield & degradation of metabolism of living beings, and hence ecological health. The ecological risk associated, demands the assessment of heavy metal stress levels in soils. As the rate of stress level of heavy metals is exponentially increasing in recent times, it is apparent to assess or predict heavy metal contamination in soil. The assessment will help the concerned authorities to take corrective as well as preventive measures to enhance the ecological and hence economic growth. This study reviews the efficient assessment models to predict soil heavy metal contamination.

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels in cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) foraging in some abattoirs in Lagos State metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Abakpa Adegbe ◽  
Oluwaseyi Oluwabukola Babajide ◽  
Lois Riyo Maina ◽  
Shola Elijah Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Heavy metal accumulation in the ecosystem constitutes a potential toxic effect which is hazardous to human health. Increasing environmental pollution has necessitated the use of cattle egrets to evaluate the levels of heavy metal contamination, to establish their use in biomonitoring of heavy metals and to provide data for monitoring pollution in the environment. Results The present study assessed the utilization of Bubulcus ibis in monitoring pollution in five abattoirs, namely Agege, Bariga, Kara, Itire and Idi-Araba, all situated in Lagos State. The concentration of five (5) heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) was determined in the liver, muscle and feather of Bubulcus ibis using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The trend of metal accumulation was in the order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni for all the sampled tissues. The mean tissue concentrations of the metals were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the sites. The highest levels of metal concentration were reported in the liver in all the locations. Mean concentration of Cd in Kara (0.003 ± 0.00058) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those found at Agege (0.0013 ± 0.00058) and Idi-Araba (0.001 ± 0.001). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also observed between the mean concentrations of Cu in Bariga (0.01 ± 0.001) and Idi-Araba (0.003 ± 0.001). Conclusion All the studied heavy metals were present in the liver, muscle and feathers of the cattle egrets. The contamination levels were ascertained from the study which indicated that cattle egrets are useful in biomonitoring studies and the generated data will serve as baseline data which could be compared with data from other locations for monitoring heavy metal pollution.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro studies on heavy metal tolerance in Sesbania grandiflora L

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Kadhim M. Ibrahim ◽  
Shaimaa A. Yousir
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Whole Plants

Several experiments were carried out to study heavy metal tolerance in tissue cultures or whole plants of S. grandiflora., Callus was induced and maintained on modified Murashige and Skoog, 1962 medium (MS) supplemented with (0.5)mg/l benzyl adenine and (2)mg/l 2,4-phenoxy acetic acid . Heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Cr or Zn) were added to the culture medium at different concentrations as contamination agents. In order to asses the effect of these heavy metals on seed germination; seeds were sown in soil contaminated with different concentrations of heavy metals for 3 weeks. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for analysis of samples taken from whole plants and callus cultures. Results showed that callus fresh weight decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration in cultural medium. Germination percentages and plant heights increased over time. However, a reduction occurred in these parameters with increasing heavy metal levels. Percentages of metals accumulated in calli were (0.001, 0.011, 0.012 and 0.013%) at (0.0, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1)mg/l Cd respectively; (0.001, 0.008, 0.016 and 0.006%) at (0.0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5)mg/l Co respectively; (0.001, 0.020, 0.034 and 0.015%) at (0.0, 0.075, 0.2 and 0.5)mg/l Cu respectively; (0.001, 0.013, 0.012 and 0.010%) at (0.0, 0.25, 0.4 and 0.5)mg/l Cr respectively and (0.027, 0.051, 0.059 and 0.056%) at (0.0 , 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5)mg/l Zn respectively. Percentages of metals accumulated in whole plants were (0.08, 0.55, 1.11, 0.83 and 0.44%) at (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0)mg/Kg soil Cd respectively; (0.11, 0.22, 0.55, 0.47 and 0.44%) at (0.0, 15.0, 30.0 45.0 and 60.0)mg/Kg soil Co respectively; (0.01, 0.10, 0.57, 0.58 and 0.72%) at (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0)mg/Kg soil Cu respectively. (0.08, 0.80, 1.28, 1.31 and 0.88%) at (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0)mg/Kg soil Cr respectively and (0.06, 1.11, 1.20, 1.83 and 2.22%) at (0.0, 100.0, 200.0, 300.0 and 400.0)mg/Kg soil Zn respectively.

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