scholarly journals Effect of Agricultural Financing on the Performance of Agricultural Sector in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Obioma I. F. ◽  
Ihemeje J. C. ◽  
Ogbonna C. I. ◽  
Amadi C. O. ◽  
Hanson U. E
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Credit Guarantee ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Long Run

The study examined the effects of agricultural financing on the performance of agricultural sector in Nigeria using annual time series data. The data for the study was sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Contribution of agriculture to GDP was used as proxy for the performance of agricultural sector, commercial banks loan to agriculture, rain fall, government expenditure to agriculture and interest rate were used as proxy for explanatory variables. Following unity in the order of integration, Johansen cointegration approach was used to check for the long run relationship among the variables. Vector autoregressive estimate the vector correction mechanism was used to examine the speed of adjustment of the variables from the short run dynamics to the long run equilibrium. The study found that there is long run relationship among the variables. Specifically; there is significant and long run effect of Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme on Contributions of agriculture to GDP. Commercial banks loans to agriculture showed positive and significant effect on Contributions of agriculture to GDP within the reference period. The coefficient of multiple determinations explained the variation in the dependent variable jointly explained by the independent variables. The study recommend that there should be increase in the amount which the agricultural credit guarantee scheme inject into the sector on annual basis and  proper supervisory measures should be constituted in order to ensure efficient application and use of the money.

scholarly journals An Econometric Analysis of Food Security and Agricultural Credit Facilities in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romanus Osabohien ◽  
Adesola Afolabi ◽  
Abigail Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Government

Background:It is a known fact that the efficiency of credit facility positively contributes to production base of a sector, especially the Nigerian agricultural sector which is recognised as the heartbeat of the economy by employing over 70% of the country’s labour force; this forms the motivation for this study.Objective:This study examined the potential of agricultural credit facilities in terms of commercial bank credit to agriculture and agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund (ACGSF) and their corresponding interest rates to farmers towards increasing agricultural production as the pathway to food security in Nigeria.Method:The study employed the Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) econometric approach on the time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) for the period 1990-2016.Result:The result from ARDL showed that commercial banks credits and ACGSF increased food security by 8.12% and 0.002% respectively, while population reduces food security by 0.001%.Conclusion:The study concluded that population should be controlled through family planning and adequate financing of the ACFSF by the government and monitor commercial banks leading interest rates on credit facilities.

Macro-Economic Disequilibrium and Educational Development in Nigeria between 1980-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (08) ◽  
pp. 20592-21600
Author(s):  
Gbadebo Salako ◽  
Adejumo Musibau Ojo ◽  
Jaji Ayobami Francis
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Stationarity Test ◽  
Level I

This study empirically investigates the effects of macroeconomic disequilibrium on educational development in Nigeria. The study employed time series data between 1980 and 2017. Autoregressive Distributed Lag method of estimation was employed. The result revealed that the variables stationarity test were mixed between the first difference I(I) and level I(0). The cointegration result shows that there exist long run relationship between the variables. The result revealed that Balance of payment, Poverty, Debt rate inflation and unemployment exhibited negative relationship with educational development. The estimation result showed that all explanatory variables account for 88% variation of educational development in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that government should fast track policies that can stabilize inflation and exchange rate in the country. Also, Policies must be formulated to reduce poverty and unemployment.

Impact of Health and Agriculture Financing on Economic Growth in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Rasaki Olufemi KAREEM ◽  
◽  
Olawale LATEEF ◽  
Muideen Adejare ISIAKA ◽  
Kamilu RAHEEM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Impact

The study focused on the impact of health and agriculture financing on economic growth in Nigeria from 1981 to 2019. The study utilized the time series data which was extracted from Central Bank of Nigeria annual statistical bulletin. Unit Root test was performed with the use of Augmented Dickey-Fuller test in order to ascertain the stationarity of all the variables and they were all found to be stationary at order 1 in the two specified models (composite and disaggregated). Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to analyze the data in order to determine the speed of adjustment from the short run to the long run equilibrium state. Casualty test was used to confirm causal relationship among the variables of interests. The study revealed that Federal Government expenditure in Health sector has a significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. Federal Government expenditure in Agricultural sector equally had a positive effect on economic growth but surprisingly not significant. Considering the disaggregated form, Federal Government capital expenditure in both Health and Agricultural sectors have positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth while Federal Government recurrent expenditure on health has a positive and statistically insignificant effect in economic. It was also revealed that there is causal relationship among the variables. Based on the findings, the study concluded that Federal Government Expenditure in Health Sectors and Agriculture Sectors have effect on economic growth in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Political Stability and its Impact on Economic Growth of Pakistan (1988-2018): A Time Series Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Majid Hussain Phul ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Rahpoto ◽  
Ghulam Muhammad Mangnejo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This research paper empirically investigates the outcome of Political stability on economic growth (EG) of Pakistan for the period of 1988 to 2018. Political stability (PS), gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), total labor force (TLF) and Inflation (INF) are important explanatory variables. Whereas for model selection GDPr is used as the dependent variable. To check the stationary of time series data Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root (UR) test has been used,  and whereas to find out the long run relationship among variables, OLS method has been used. The analysis the impact of PS on EG (EG) in the short run, VAR model has been used. The outcomes show that all the variables (PS, GFCF, TLF and INF) have a significantly positive effect on the EG of Pakistan in the long run period. But the effect of PS on GDP is smaller. Further, in this research we are trying to see the short run relationship between GDP and other explanatory variables. The outcomes show that PS does not have such effect on GDP in the short run analysis. While GFCF, TLF and INF have significantly positive effect on GDP of Pakistan in the short run period.

scholarly journals Testing the Existence of the Ricardian Equivalence in Ghana in this 21st Century

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Okwan Frank ◽  
Kovacs Peter
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Ricardian Equivalence ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

The Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis formulated by a classical British economist David Ricardo argues that a reduced tax now is a tax increase in the future, the substitution of debt for current taxes has no effect on aggregate demand. The main objective of this paper is to examine empirically the existence of the Ricardian equivalency in Ghana by using time series data running from 1990 to 2017 and ARDL bound testing approach to cointegration and Error Correction Model framework developed by Pesaran and Shin (1995,1999). We examined the long run relationship between the dependent variable household final consumption expenditure and independent variables government expenditure, deficit, GDP per capita and gross debt. The long run results showed a positive and significant relationship between GDP per capita and household consumption expenditure. The result of analysis supports the Keynesian conventional theory and found strong evidence against the existence of the Ricardian Equivalency Hypothesis in Ghana.

The Dynamics of Exports and Economic Growth: Assessing the Evidence from Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Clement A.U. Ighodaro ◽  
Ovenseri-Ogbomo F. O.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

The paper empirically examines the dynamics of exports and economic growth in Nigeria using time series data for 1970 to 2017. The Vector autoregressive model (VAR) was used to investigate the long run and short run relationship between exports and economic growth as well as some selected variables. The result shows that there exists a stable long run relationship among economic growth, exports, capital expenditure on education and social services. Also, the Granger causality results reveal that export Granger causes economic growth and not the other way round. This means that an increase in economic growth may result from increase in export, but increase in economic growth does not necessarily lead to increase in exports. The Impulse Response Function (IRF) shows that a one standard innovation in exports will lead to permanent positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria. This therefore supports the exports led growth hypothesis for Nigeria.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Push and Pull Factors of Migrant Workers in Developing Countries: The Case of Indonesian Workers in Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariastuti Djafar
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Push And Pull

Low income and high unemployment in labour sending countries and high income and low unemployment in labour receiving countries are frequently justified as push and pull factors of migrant workers, respectively. Indonesia is the main labour-exporting country to Malaysia but the studies on the push factors in Indonesia and the pull factors in Malaysia are very limited. This paper has three objectives. The first objective is to examine the long-run relationship among income and unemployment in Indonesia and Malaysia and the Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. This is followed by examining the causality between the variables in the second objective, and the extent to which income and unemployment in Indonesia and Malaysia determine the Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia in the third objective. Time series data were employed and analysed by utilizing the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) framework. The findings show a long-run relationship among income and unemployment in Indonesia and Malaysia and the Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. Only unidirectional causality is found in the long-run, which is from income and unemployment in Indonesia and Malaysia to Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. The findings also show that the Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia are significantly determined by income and unemployment, positively in the case of Indonesia, and negatively, in Malaysia.

scholarly journals The Impact of Macroeconomic variables on the credit provided by Saudi Banks: تأثير المتغيرات الاقتصادية الكلية على التمويل المصرفي في المملكة العربية السعودية (دراسة قياسية شملت البيانات من 1970م – 2012م)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyas Jafar Abdel Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed to examine the impact of macroeconomic variables of the Saudi economy as in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Government Expenditure (G), Economic Openness (OPE), Inflation Rate (CPI) and the Bank Deposits (DS) on the credit provided by Saudi banks (BF), on annual time series data between 1970-2012. To investigate this relationship, the study used Autoregressive Distributed Lag method (ARDL) to measure the long-run and short-run impact, At that the E-views 8.1 has been used for analyze the cointegration,the diagnostic, the reliability - stability tests, and the forecasting behavior of the model. The study found that (BF) is affected positively by (GDP) growth rate in the long-run. Also the (BF) has been affected negatively in the short and long-run by inflation rates (CPI) and government expenditure (G). Consequently the Contractionary Fiscal Policy in recent period will not lead to reduce the financial performance of Saudi banks, and the growth of (GDP) in the future will have positive impact on the financing capacity of the Saudi banking sector.

scholarly journals Is Fiscal Policy Effective in Generating Higher Real Output? A Case of Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Hafiz Saqib Mehmood Najmi ◽  
Farrukh Bashir ◽  
Saman Maqsood
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Johansen Cointegration Test ◽  
Motivating Factor

Keeping in view the objective that is to observe the usefulness of fiscal policy on real GDP of Pakistan, the study collects time series data from 1976 to 2012 through reliable sources of statistical bureaus of Pakistan. Using Johansen Cointegration test, the long run results demonstrate investment and government expenditure as raising factor for real GDP of Pakistan while GDP Deflator and government revenue as de-motivating factor for real GDP of Pakistan in the long run.

scholarly journals Structural Transformation of Agriculture and Poverty in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fitria Ardiansyah ◽  
Herman Cahyo Diartho ◽  
Endah Kurnia Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Development Strategy

The trend of modern development in some countries is the decline in the contribution of the agricultural sector to GDP (gross domestic product), as a consequence of the increased contribution of the non-agricultural sector. So the development strategy that is often applied is to increase the role of the modern sector (industry and services) that have a high level of productivity. The agricultural sector, which has low productivity, often escapes the development strategy, even though the agricultural sector is a place to make a living for some poor people who are in rural areas. This study aims to analyze the effect of economic structural transformation on poverty in Indonesia. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data, in the form of time series data between 1980-2017 obtained from World Bank publications, the World Income Inequality Database, and the Central Statistics Agency. Analysis of the data used is to use VECM estimation to see the short-term relationship and the long-term relationship of each variable. The estimation results of the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) concluded that in the long run, the agricultural sector has a negative and significant relationship to poverty, while the industrial and service sectors do not have a significant effect on poverty in Indonesia. Per capita income has a positive relationship with poverty in Indonesia. Based on the explanation, it concludes that the policy that must be implemented to overcome the problem of poverty is to develop the agricultural sector.

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