Defensio oder Die Kunst des Invektierens im Oberrheinischen Humanismus

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-441
Author(s):  
Uwe Israel
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
City Council ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Potential ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Language And Education ◽  
The City

Summary Defensio or The Art of Disparagement in the Upper-Rhenish Humanism In the first years of the 16th century two scholars from the Alsatian province, secular priest Jakob Wimpfeling and Franciscan Thomas Murner, the latter one generation younger than the former, started a quarrel in Strasbourg. Quickly, their friends and students, then the city council, and finally even King Maximilian I got drawn into the polemical debate. At first sight the controversial topic was only a highly charged issue in politically troubled times: Had the Alsace region and its capital always belonged to Germany or had they been part of France at some time in the past? But it was also a quarrel about the educational sovereignty. This was an issue important to humanists. Secular ond ordinary priests hotly debated the topic not only in Strasbourg, but also elsewhere. The literary feud involved not only arguments, but also sharp personal attacks, offences and defamations. Several publications included disparaging letters, poems, treatises and pictures which often hardly bore any reference to the issue in question. The question arises why humanists, who are generally thought to be concerned with language and education, resorted to such drastic and defamatory means in their personal conflicts. The paper addresses this question with the help of the theories and methods currently employed by the Collaborative Research Centre Dresden with the title „Invectivity“. It analyzes the constellations of the controversy, examines the dynamics and escalations of their process, and traces the emotions of those involved. This will deepen our understanding about the operations of social demarcation and the mechanisms of group formation among humanists and concomitantly the fundamental social potential for conflict.

Portuguese Sardines - from the ritual to the brand

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Cecília Avelino Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
City Council ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
City Branding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
The City ◽  
City Identity

Place branding is a network of associations in the consumer’s mind, based on the visual, verbal, and behavioral expression of a place. Food can be an important tool to summarize it as it is part of the culture of a city and its symbolic capital. Food is imaginary, a ritual and a social construction. This paper aims to explore a ritual that has turned into one of the brands of Lisbon in the past few years. The fresh sardines barbecued out of doors, during Saint Anthony’s festival, has become a symbol that can be found on t-shirts, magnets and all kinds of souvenirs. Over the year, tourists can buy sardine shaped objects in very cheap stores to luxurious shops. There is even a whole boutique dedicated to the fish: “The Fantastic World of Portuguese Sardines” and an annual competition promoted by the city council to choose the five most emblematic designs of sardines. In order to analyze the Sardine phenomenon from a city branding point of view, the objective of this paper is to comprehend what associations are made by foreigners when they are outside of Lisbon. As a methodological procedure five design sardines, were used of last year to questioning to which city they relate them in interviews carried in Madrid, Lyon, Rome and London. Upon completion of the analysis, the results of the city branding strategy adopted by the city council to promote the sardines as the official symbol of Lisbon is seen as a Folkmarketing action. The effects are positive, but still quite local. On the other hand, significant participation of the Lisbon´s dwellers in the Sardine Contest was observed, which seems to be a good way to promote the city identity and pride in their best ambassador: the citizens.

scholarly journals Reconfiguring the public and the private: Noc-Noc arts festival, Guimarães, Portugal

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Sarmento ◽  
Marisa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
City Council ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Space ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
The City

In the past decades many cities have experienced growing pressure to produce and stage cultural events of different sorts to promote themselves and improve economic development. Culture-led development often relies on significant public investment and major private-sector sponsoring. In the context of strained public finances and profound economic crisis in European peripheral countries, local community low-budget events that manage to create significant fluxes of visitors and visibility assume a particular relevance. This paper looks at the four editions (2011–2014) of Noc-Noc, an arts festival organized by a local association in the city of Guimarães, Portugal, which is based on creating transient spaces of culture by transforming numerous homes, commercial outlets and other buildings into ephemeral convivial and playful ‘public’ environments. By interviewing a sample of people who have hosted (sometimes doubling as artists) these transitory art performances and exhibitions, artists and the events’ organizers and by experiencing the four editions of the event and engaging in multiple informal conversations with the public, this paper attempts to discuss how urban citizens may disrupt the cleavages between public and private space permitting various transgressions, and unsettling the hegemonic condition of the city council as the patron of the large majority of events.

scholarly journals Dinamika Migrasi Desa Kota di Indonesia: Karakteristik dan Kehidupan Migran Baru di Tangerang, Propinsi Banten

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Fina Itriyati
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City

This paper attempts to examine the dynamics of recent migration in Tangerang city, the major industrial city on the outskirts of Jakarta. In this paper we fist deal with migration patterns associated with economic and social change in Indonesia, both historically and in more recent times especially in Tangerang city. The fild research conducted both in Tangerang city and Tangerang district in 2008 and as part of collaborative research on rural urban migration in Indonesia. Using data gathered from household urban survey, this focuses on the general fiures, characteristics of recent migrants (those moving to the city in the past fie years), compare to lifetime migrants (those living in the city for fie years or more) and non migrants in Tangerang. The paper also provide overview how recent migrants make adjusments on urban environments and also how recent migration has strong relationship with adolescents’ life, youth migration and empowerment.

'de beste Schilders van het gantsche Nederlandt' Karel van Mander en het Haarlemse cultuurbeleid 1603-1606

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truus Van Bueren
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
City Council ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Art Policy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City

AbstractKarel van Mander's Schilder-Boeck was published in 1604. During this period the Haarlem city council was pursuing an active cultural policy in which painting played a central role. In 1603, the porter at the Prinscnhof was instructed not to refuse admission to people who wanted to view the paintings and other objects of art housed there. That same year Hendrik Goltzius, Cornelis van Haarlem and Hendrik Vroom were commissioned to paint pictures of their own choice to commemmorate their art. The paintings were to hang in the Prinsenhof. In 1605 the council cndcavoured to ensure the city's claim to a number of paintings from the Jansklooster. This monastery, unlike others in Haarlem, had not been seized when the city became Protestant. The monks were allowed to keep their property until the last one died, but not to adopt any more monks. In 1605 the council demanded an inventory of the immovables and of the paintings too. The majority of the paintings in the inventory, which was supplied a year later, proved to be the work of highly esteemed artists. Although by no means all the art in the monasterey was listed, the city council did not protest. The intention had simply been to secure the important paintings with a view to placing in the Prinsenhof when the time came. Karel van Mander and his friends Cornelis van Haarlem and Hendrik Goltzius undoubtedly contributed to the creation of a climate in which such an art policy was feasible. Van Mander had spent years preparing his Schilder-Boeck, and had paid a great deal of attention to Haarlem painting. In his efforts to gather information the had established numerous contacts. He had carefully described he paintings in the Prinsenhof, and had also seen works by Haarlem painters belonging to private individuals. One such man was Gerrit Willemsz. van Schoterbosch, a burgomaster who had been on the council when that body commissioned Cornelis van Haarlem to make four paintings for the Prinsenhof during the last decade of the 16th century, and also during the period discussed here, 1603-1605. What were the aims of the city council in pursuing this cultural policy? There are two possibilities, both of which are encountered in the Schilder-Boeck. Van Mander wanted to elevate painting to a higher status than a craft. In his praise of painting he therefore dwelt at length on art lovers who collected paintings for art's sake. May not the city council have desired to assemble such a collection? If so, something very special was happening in Haarlem. Perhaps there is more to be said for the other possibility, to which Van Mander also refers: the council could have enlisted the Haarlem painters to sing the praises of the city.

scholarly journals PRESERVING THE VENETIAN FORTRESS OF BERGAMO: QUICK PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY FOR CONSERVATION PLANNING

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mirabella Roberti ◽  
V. M. Nannei ◽  
P. Azzola ◽  
A. Cardaci
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Cultural Relevance ◽  
City Council ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Maintenance Plan

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The historical and cultural relevance of the City Walls built by the ‘Serenissima’ Republic of Venice in the second half of 16th century was recognized in 2017 by the insertion of Bergamo, together with other Venetian Fortresses in Italy, Croatia and Montenegro, in the World Heritage List of UNESCO as transnational site. In the framework of the nomination to the WHL, the City Council together with the University of Bergamo started a campaign of studies and surveys aimed to prepare a conservation planning. The goal of this plan is to assure a constant monitoring of this artwork, so that a strict routine of controls, cleaning and small strengthening works would prevent more relevant interventions, which could corrupt the material integrity of the building.</p><p>This paper delineates the methodological and operational workflow applied to the preparation of the maintenance plan, now in progress, for the Venetian City Walls of Bergamo, where the photogrammetric survey by means of UAV plays an important role. The different working phases, the adopted instrumentation, the difficulties encountered and the choices made are described, and some case studies are also illustrated that represent well the typical problems encountered for the conservation of the Walls.</p>

scholarly journals Gdańskie odznaki żebracze (XVI–XVIII w.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Tomasz Maćkowski
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
City Council ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The Poor ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City

Beggar badges of Gdańsk In Gdańsk of the 16th century, due to the failure of medieval forms of aiding the poor based on Church institutions, the growing number of people seeking support in a port town which was quickly getting rich and under the influence of ideas spread by Martin Luther, the policy concerning beggars and people seeking aid changed. It was demonstrated by passing the first beggar ordinance in 1525, which introduced the supervision of the city council over the system of social welfare based on the existing hospitals in town. Special badges with the crest of Gdańsk had been known since the middle of the 16th century, which entitled their wearers to beg in the vicinity of the city as well as to receive aid from public funds. Those artefacts were cast from lead and apart from the crest also had a depiction of a beggar and a date specifying the annual validity of the symbol. They would most often be sawn to clothes or worn around the neck. There are four beggar categories known to us: 1) for the inhabitants of Gdańsk unfit for work and their children thus entitled to basic education; 2) badges for the poorest group of citizens having trouble making a living, which included their personal data and address; 3) badges for city visitors who needed aid and had not been admitted to hospitals, which entitled them to beg temporarily; 4) badges for the patients of the City Hospital (the Lazaret), which since the 17th century had become the main centre of medical care for the poorest. Artefacts registering those entitled to permanent or temporary hospital care are known dating even from the middle of the 18th century. With the popularisation of written documentation in the hospital, at the end of the 18th century artefacts of that kind became obsolete.

scholarly journals Mission and Limitations. Back to the Origins of Lutheran-Orthodox Contacts in the 16th Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Dietmar Plajer
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
City Council ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church ◽  
Printing House

Abstract The Reformation in Transylvania, Lutheran in structure, has been from its very beginning in direct contact with representatives of the Orthodox Church. An Orthodox clergyman, Philippus Pictor (Filip Moldoveanul), had worked for decades in Hermannstadt in the service of the magistrate, with tasks – among other responsibilities – in the printing house; it was probably during his activity in office that the (now lost) Romanian catechism of 1544, the church-slavonic and the bilingual (Slavonic-Romanian) gospels were printed. There are good reasons to assume that these prints were made directly by the initiative of the city council; but this was not an attempt at the conversion of Romanians to the Evangelical faith, but rather an exercise of the duty – emerging from Luther’s theology – to make possible for all people the access to Scripture.

scholarly journals Unholy Alliances? A Case Study of Cooperation Between Churches and the Radical Right Group Młodzież Wszechpolska in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Waldemar Sęczyk
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Local Level ◽  
City Council ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City ◽  
Industrial Center ◽  
Lower Silesia

AbstractUntil 1989 Wałbrzych was an important industrial center of Lower Silesia. The system transformation which started in 1989 led to the liquidation of enterprises in the mining, ceramics and textile industries. The city began to be perceived in Poland as a city of high unemployment, illegal shallow coal mines or political corruption.The city authorities began to wonder what events from the past could be helpful in creating its new image. They undertook a number of activities in this regard. The questionnaire was to assess the effectiveness of the city’s activities. It was carried out among secondary school students, students and the employees of Wałbrzych city institutions, teachers of Wałbrzych schools and councilors of the City Council. The survey was conducted in October and November 2019. The respondents indicated mainly the activities of the authorities aimed at personalizing local historical policy. The city authorities undertook a number of other initiatives in the field of local remembrance policy. The surveys showed that the initiatives were not known to the inhabitants of Wałbrzych. In the minds of respondents, there were only two historical events, namely May 3 and November 11. To a small extent, they participated in historical ceremonies present in national historical politics (e.g. the Day of the Cursed Soldiers). Apart from the figure of Princess Daisy, most respondents were unable to identify other people important to the region. Although there are a number of organizations and associations in the city, only the Princess Daisy Foundation conducted the eff ective and visible activities in the field of local remembrance policy. Although the respondents declared their interest in history, their knowledge at the local level is low.

scholarly journals Działania prawne składające się na budowanie wizerunku Białegostoku z marką Esperanto

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-252
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Danilewicz-Prokorym ◽  
Keyword(s):  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
City Council ◽  
The Past ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Participatory Budget ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Legal Character ◽  
The City ◽  
Executive Body

The article presents the legal activities of the city of Bialystok related to building its image using the brand Esperanto over the past years. The text deals with the complicated side of building the image of the city which is legal actions using the asset of the city which the case of Bialystok is the brand Esperanto. These actions were taken both by the executive body of the municipality – the Mayor – and the legislative body – the City Council. The following activities were discussed: the activity of the Bialystok City Council, the activity connected with the celebration of the 100th anniversary of Ludwik Zamenhof’s death, the organisation of the Esperanto Congress in 2009 and the significance of the so-called participatory budget for the discussed issue. In the analysis of the topic, only those activities undertaken in Bialystok and related to Ludwik Zamenhof, his successors and the Esperanto language were chosen, which are not only based on but have their source in legal acts and are of direct or indirect legal character. The article also briefly discusses the aspect of life history of Ludwik Krzysztof Zaleski Zamenhof in connection with granting him the Honorary Citizenship of the City of Bialystok. The article discusses the legal activities of the city of Bialystok connected with building its image with the use of the Esperanto brand in the perspective of the last years, touching upon an interesting matter which is the promotion of the Municipality on the basis of the only universal language in the world. The legal actions described in the article reflect the perspective of young Ludwik Zamenhoff, which led to the creation of Esperanto language. The text combines two matters, the creation of a supranational language, with legal actions that are used to promote the small homeland of its creator.

scholarly journals Iuramentum na inaugurację władzy w mieście średniowiecznym. Przykład Krakowa

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-352
Author(s):  
Patrycja Wiencierz
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
City Council ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
New Members ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Municipal Workers ◽  
Orderly Fashion ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The article is devoted to the oaths related to the inauguration of the authorities in medieval Cracow. The paper is mainly based on Cracow’s two municipal codes: the Grabowski Codex (from the 14th and the 15th century) and the Balthasar Behem Codex (from the beginning of the 16th century).The oath played an enormous part in the legal and social relations in the Old Polish period. Cracow’s burghers took an oath of homage (Latin homagium) to every single Polish monarch. Moreover, the clerks, municipal workers and craftsmen yearly pledged their allegiance to the city and took a vow to diligently perform their professional duties. The Grabowski Codex contains oaths (Latin iuramenta) which were written down chaotically for about two centuries. Consequently, it allows one to follow even minor changes in the content of the vows which highlights the significance of the contents of theoath themselves. On the other hand, the Balthasar Behem Code, which was a dignified book and a municipal insignia (Latin insignium), gathered the contemporary oaths in an orderly fashion. As a consequence, it outlines the hierarchy of the municipal clerks and institutions. This further emphasizes the huge importance of a municipal scribe whose oath is inscribed right after the pledge of the town council which was the main municipal institution in town. This paper also undertakes the topic of the elections of new people to perform various functions, pinpoints the dates of these nominations and it outlines the issue of the ceremonies which accompany them. At the same time, it emphasizes the splendour connected with the election of new members of the city council.

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