scholarly journals Numerical Investigation for The Valorization of Waste from HMD Cell Using Electrodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Haia M. Elsayd ◽  
Tamer S. Ahmed ◽  
Omar E. Abdel-Salam ◽  
Moustafa Elshafei ◽  
Amr Abdelghany
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Waste Solution ◽  
Secondary Current ◽  
Middle Domain ◽  
Electroneutrality Condition ◽  
Chlorine Ions ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The Hydromagnetic desalination (HMD) system is a continuous process with several advantages, including a high water recovery ratio, and can be favored economically by producing several industrial byproducts instead of discharging the highly concentrated brine to the environment. In the current work, the ions concentration in the Electrodialysis (ED) technique is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics V.5.2 software. The ED cell simulated in this paper contains two selective membranes (anion and cation) with a width of 0.25 mm each. The salt is to be taken away in the middle domain. The cell operation has been simulated to separate the sodium and chlorine ions from the HMD brine waste solution at 40 or 55ºC temperatures at different voltages and concentrations. In this two-dimensional model, the Nernst-Plank equation has been used to describe ion flux and charge transport in the electrolyte solution. Secondary current distribution theory and the electroneutrality condition have been used in the mathematical model. Finally, Donnan equations have been used to provide the exact fulfillment of boundary conditions for constant voltage mode. The simulation shows that the highest efficiency is obtained at high temperatures and voltage with the lowest feed concentration. Finally, the results have been validated using experimental data from the literature, and a satisfying agreement has been found.

scholarly journals Effects of Operating Parameters on Ionic Liquid Membrane to Remove Humidity in a Green Continuous Process

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Xueru Yan ◽  
Alexandre Favard ◽  
Stéphane Anguille ◽  
Marc Bendahan ◽  
Philippe Moulin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Time Operation

Membrane processes are promising methods to separate gases from feed streams without phase changing. A hybrid process, the combination of ionic liquids with a ceramic membrane (ILM), has been developed for humidity removal in a green continuous process. This new concept provides a more efficient and available ionic liquid (IL)-based membrane regeneration process, which just switches the moist feed stream to dry air. Furthermore, the ILM presents high stability and mechanical resistance during long-time operation. In addition, the influences of several operating parameters, including flow rate, temperature, absolute pressure, and feed concentration on process efficiency were investigated. The lower inlet flow rate was found to be favorable for drying humid air. Moreover, when the pressure increased, the mass of absorbed water was increased, while the feed concentration had no significant effects on the membrane separation performance. However, the operating temperature had a great effect on humidity removal. It is necessary to note that the processes at room temperature can limit the energy consumption. The absorbing process of ILM remained efficient after several absorption desorption cycles. Therefore, the new ILM hybrid process that has been developed has great potential for consecutive humidity removal processes.

scholarly journals Removal of-Copper Ions-from Aqueous Solution Using Liquid-Surfactant-Membrane Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Huda M. Salman ◽  
Ahmed Abed Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Waste Solution ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Membrane Technique ◽  
Feed Phase ◽  
Aqueous Feed

Extraction of copper (Cu) from aqueous solution utilizing Liquid Membrane technology (LM) is more effective than precipitation method that forms sludge and must be disposed of in landfills. In this work, we have formulated a liquid surfactant membrane (LSM) that uses kerosene oil as the main diluent of LSM to remove copper ions from the aqueous waste solution through di- (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid - D2EHPA- as a carrier. This technique displays several advantages including one-stage extraction and stripping process, simple operation, low energy requirement, and. In this study, the LSM process was used to transport Cu (II) ions from the feed phase to the stripping phase, which was prepared, using H2SO4. For LSM process, various parameters have been studied such as carrier concentration; treat ratio (TR), agitating speed and initial feed concentration. After finding the optimum parameters, it was possible to extract Cu up to 95% from the aqueous feed phase in a single stage extraction.

High Water Recovery Rate Seawater Desalination System

MEMBRANE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Hiroki Miyakawa ◽  
Kotaro Kitamura ◽  
Yasutaka Kondo ◽  
Takanori Oshikiri
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Seawater Desalination

scholarly journals Improved Kinetics and Water Recovery with Propane as Co-Guest Gas on the Hydrate-Based Desalination (HyDesal) Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Nambiar ◽  
Ponnivalavan Babu ◽  
Praveen Linga
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Cold Energy ◽  
Desalination Technology

Water is a key resource for sustainable development and plays a crucial role in human development. Desalination is one of the most promising technologies to mitigate the emerging water crisis. Thermal desalination and reverse osmosis are two of the most widely employed desalination technologies in the world. However, these technologies are energy intensive. Clathrate-hydrate-based desalination (HyDesal) is a potential energy-efficient desalination technology to strengthen the energy–water nexus. In our previous study, we proposed a ColdEn-HyDesal process utilizing waste Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cold energy based on a fixed-bed reactor configuration. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 10% propane in three different gas mixtures, namely, nitrogen (G1), argon (G2), and carbon dioxide (G3), as hydrate formers for the HyDesal process. The achieved water recovery was very low (~2%) in the presence of NaCl in the solution for gas mixtures G1 and G2. However, high water recovery and faster kinetics were achieved with the G3 mixture. To improve the water recovery and kinetics of hydrate formation for the G2 gas mixture, the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was evaluated. The addition of SDS did improve the kinetics and water recovery significantly.

Prospects for high water recovery membrane desalination

Desalination ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 401 ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Turek ◽  
Krzysztof Mitko ◽  
Krzysztof Piotrowski ◽  
Piotr Dydo ◽  
Ewa Laskowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Water Recovery

scholarly journals An Improved Cambridge Filter Pad Extraction Methodology to Obtain More Accurate Water and “Tar” Values: In Situ Cambridge Filter Pad Extraction Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ghosh ◽  
Cyril Jeannet
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
High Water ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
In Situ Extraction

AbstractPrevious investigations by others and internal investigations at Philip Morris International (PMI) have shown that the standard trapping and extraction procedure used for conventional cigarettes, defined in the International Standard ISO 4387 (Cigarettes -- Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine), is not suitable for high-water content aerosols. Errors occur because of water losses during the opening of the Cambridge filter pad holder to remove the filter pad as well as during the manual handling of the filter pad, and because the commercially available filter pad holder, which is constructed out of plastic, may adsorb water. This results in inaccurate values for the water content, and erroneous and overestimated values for Nicotine Free Dry Particulate Matter (NFDPM). A modified 44 mm Cambridge filter pad holder and extraction equipment which supports in situ extraction methodology has been developed and tested. The principle of the in situ extraction methodology is to avoid any of the above mentioned water losses by extracting the loaded filter pad while kept in the Cambridge filter pad holder which is hermetically sealed by two caps. This is achieved by flushing the extraction solvent numerous times through the hermetically sealed Cambridge filter pad holder by means of an in situ extractor. The in situ methodology showed a significantly more complete water recovery, resulting in more accurate NFDPM values for high-water content aerosols compared to the standard ISO methodology. The work presented in this publication demonstrates that the in situ extraction methodology applies to a wider range of smoking products and smoking regimens, whereas the standard ISO methodology only applies to a limited range of smoking products and smoking regimens, e.g., conventional cigarettes smoked under ISO smoking regimen. In cases where a comparison of yields between the PMI HTP and conventional cigarettes is required the in situ extraction methodology must be used for the aerosol of the PMI HTP to obtain accurate NFDPM/”tar” values. This would be for example the case if there were a need to print “tar” yields on packs or compare yields to ceilings. Failure to use the in situ extraction methodology will result in erroneous and overestimated NFDPM/”tar” values.

High water recovery of RO brine using multi-stage air gap membrane distillation

Desalination ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxin Geng ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Chunyao Zhang ◽  
Pingli Li ◽  
Heying Chang
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Air Gap Membrane Distillation ◽  
Multi Stage

Demonstration of Efficient Water Recovery for Fuel Cell Power Systems

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Izenson ◽  
Jay C. Rozzi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Input Stream ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Exhaust Stream ◽  
Very High

Water recovery and recycling are key technologies for fuel cell power systems. This paper describes technology to recover and recycle water using a compact, efficient condenser to separate water from a fuel cell exhaust stream. The condenser uses an innovative, micromachined condensing surface to achieve very high condensation mass flux and enable very high water recovery efficiency from a compact system. The condenser is sized for a 5 kWe, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power system, but can easily be scaled up for higher power systems. We demonstrated operation of the condenser using an input stream that simulated the exhaust from an SOFC power system. Our device condensed and recovered 97–99% of the water in the input stream while consuming very little power (about 50 W).

Modeling and Simulation of pH Dependent Isotachophoresis

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaesool Shim ◽  
Prashanta Dutta ◽  
Cornelius F. Ivory
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Band Broadening ◽  
System A ◽  
Band Dispersion ◽  
Electroneutrality Condition ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Ionic Components

This paper presents a mathematical model for pH gradient ITP in a microfluidic system. The mathematical model is based on mass conservation, charge conservation and electroneutrality condition in the system. A finite volume based numerical model is developed to simulate pH dependent isotachophoresis (ITP) in microfluidic devices. Numerical results of pH dependent ITP are obtained for straight and dog-leg microchannels. For both channels, five ionic components are used to simulate the model ITP system. The ITP results obtained from dog-leg microchannel capture the band broadening and band dispersion observed in T-channel junction. However, no such dispersion is noticed for ITP in the straight microchannel.

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