Detection of Lethal Dose 50 of Biofilm-producing Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Local Isolate From Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdullazeez Sheehan ◽  
Mohammed Khudor ◽  
Fanar Isihak
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protection Level ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Starting Dose ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

It is very important, before starting the manufacture of any vaccine from any microorganism estimation of LD₅₀ of that microorganism to determine their pathogenicity and virulence. Estimated LD₅₀ was very important to be used in challenge tests later to estimate the protection level of the manufactured vaccine in experimental animals. So, this study was aimed to estimate LD₅₀ of local methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterial isolate. A pilot study has been done to determine approximately LD₅₀ of used MRSA in the study by using different bacterial concentrations of MRSA to determine approximate LD₅₀ that can be able to kill half numbers of animals used in the study to be used later in the estimation of exact LD₅₀ by using of Up-and-Down method. Ninety Wistar albino rats have been used for this purpose, eighty-four animals which divided into fourteen groups by six animals for each group (for pilot study) and remained six animals for (Up-and-Down method). The results showed that 9 X 10¹⁰ CFU/ml was led to killing half number of animals used in the study, this dose has been used as starting dose in the Up-and-Down method to the estimation of the exact LD₅₀ dose. The results showed that 5.526 X 10¹⁰ CFU/ml was the exact LD₅₀ of local MRSA isolate, which will be used later in the challenge test to estimate the protection level of a locally prepared vaccine against MRSA isolate.

scholarly journals Dynamic of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 in Pig Farm Households: A Pilot Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e65512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Garcia-Graells ◽  
Brigitte A. G. L. van Cleef ◽  
Jesper Larsen ◽  
Olivier Denis ◽  
Robert Skov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pig Farm

Toxicological and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Formulated Ointment from Eskwater (Mikania cordata Asteraceae) Leaf Extract against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

10.17158/334 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judee N. Nogodula ◽  
Lady Ron M. Ducut ◽  
Jelah Mae F. Edorot ◽  
Aizovelle T. Egagamao
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Eskwater (Mikania cordata) is a medicinal plant in treating wounds by B’laan tribe. It is a useful treatment in the emerging cases of difficult-totreat infections caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. To validate such claims, this study was conducted to assess the toxicological and antimicrobial properties of eskwater leaf extract through the acute dermal toxicity, antibacterial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), potency test with the standard drug and mutagenicity assay. Toxicity level was attained using female albino rats with the dose of 1000 mg/kg (Sighting study) while 1000 and 2000 mg/kg for Main study. Kirby-Bauer Method was employed for antibacterial activity using Vancomycin and Terbinafine as positive controls. MIC was determined in two-fold serial dilution and Ames test was employed for mutagenic assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Hydrophilic base with low, medium and high doses were incorporated, respectively for ointment formulation. Results showed that eskwater extract was not toxic based from OECD 404 guideline and had partially active action against MRSA ATCC 43300 (13.66 ± 0.5778) and showed no inhibition in fungal growth. MIC was effective at 0.05 g/ml against MRSA only. It exhibited comparable potency with Vancomycin at the concentration of 0.32 mg and lastly, no noticeable mutagenic property was established. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were employed in the efficacy of ointment. A significant difference resulted among the formulated ointment and positive control indicating that the three doses of formulated ointment and positive control have different potential to induce inhibition on the growth of MRSA. Ointment evaluated on its physical characteristics appeared greenish brown, has pH 6, good spreadability and washes out easily.</p>

scholarly journals Pilot Study of Aerosolised Plus Intravenous Vancomycin in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yeun Cho ◽  
Hyung-Sook Kim ◽  
Hye-Joo Yang ◽  
Yeon Joo Lee ◽  
Jong Sun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia

Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia in critically ill patients remains unsatisfactory. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of aerosolised vancomycin in addition to intravenous administration in this setting. This was a prospective, noncomparative, phase II trial. Patients receiving mechanical ventilation for >48 h in intensive care units (ICUs) were screened; those receiving intravenous vancomycin for MRSA pneumonia were enrolled. Patients received aerosolised vancomycin (250 mg every 12 h for five days) via a vibrating mesh nebuliser. The primary outcome was treatment success (clinical cure or improvement) at the conclusion of antibiotic treatment. Vancomycin concentrations were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid according to administration time. Twenty patients were enrolled (median age 75 years and 13 (65%) men; 18 (90%) cases with nosocomial pneumonia). Thirteen patients (65%) showed clinical cure or improvement. Microbiological eradication of MRSA was confirmed in 14 patients (70%). ICU and hospital mortality rates were 30% and 35%, respectively. Maximum aerosolised vancomycin concentration was observed 4–5 h after nebulising (98.75 ± 21.79 mcg/mL). No additional systemic adverse effects occurred following aerosol vancomycin treatment. Aerosolised vancomycin combination therapy may be an alternative treatment for patients with severe MRSA pneumonia receiving mechanical ventilation (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01925066).

scholarly journals Benzylpenicillin-producing Trichophyton erinacei and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the mecC gene on European hedgehogs – A pilot-study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruk Dube ◽  
Robert Söderlund ◽  
Matilda Lampinen Salomonsson ◽  
Karin Troell ◽  
Stefan Börjesson
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Benzyl Penicillin ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Trichophyton Erinacei

Abstract Background A high carriage rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with the mecC gene (mecC-MRSA) has been described among Wild European hedgehogs (Europeaus erineaus). Due to this frequent occurrence, it has been suggested that hedgehogs could be a natural reservoir for mecC-MRSA. However, the reason why hedgehogs carry mecC-MRSA remains unknown, but it has been hypothesized that mecC-MRSA could have evolved on the skin of hedgehogs due to the co-occurrence with antibiotic producing dermatophytes. The aim of this pilot-study was therefore to investigate if hedgehogs in Sweden carry Trichophyton spp. and to provide evidence that these dermatophytes are able to produce penicillin or similar substances. In addition, the study aimed to identify if dermatophytes co-occurred with mecC-MRSA. Methods Samples were collected from hedgehogs (Europeaus erineaus) that were euthanized or died of natural causes. All samples were screened for dermatophytes and mecC-MRSA using selective cultivation methods. Suspected isolates were characterized using PCR-based methods, genome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. Identification of penicillin was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results In total 23 hedgehogs were investigated, and it was shown that two carried Trichophyton erinacei producing benzyl-penicillin, and that these hedgehogs also carried mecC-MRSA. The study also showed that 60% of the hedgehogs carried mecC-MRSA. Conclusion The pilot-study demonstrated that Trichophyton erinacei, isolated from Swedish hedgehogs, can produce benzylpenicillin and that these benzylpenicillin-producing T. erinacei co-occurred with mecC-MRSA. The study also reconfirmed the high occurrence of mecC-MRSA among hedgehogs.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study Evaluating Telavancin for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis: Clinical Outcomes and Safety

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Harting ◽  
Francisco Fernandez ◽  
Robert Kelley ◽  
Timothy L. Wiemken ◽  
Paula Peyrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

scholarly journals Screening the nose, throat and the naso-pharynx for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Joy Uwemedimo ◽  
Deirdre Fitzgerald-Hughes ◽  
Peter Kinnevey ◽  
Anna Shore ◽  
David Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Pharyngeal Cavity ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Patients who carry nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may also harbour MRSA in the oro-pharyngeal cavity. However, the naso-oro-pharyngeal co-carriage is infrequently assessed. The incidence of concurrent MRSA carriage of the naso-oro-pharynx was ascertained, and the sensitivity of two methods, a throat swab and a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) oral rinse, for MRSA detection was investigated. Among nasal MRSA carriers, 80% harboured MRSA in the oro-pharynx. Among these patients, 15% had MRSA detected in the oro-pharynx and not in the throat. Oro-pharyngeal colonisation represents a significant reservoir to persistence as well as nasal recolonisation. Decolonisation methods effective in reducing oro-pharyngeal MRSA in addition to nasal carriage should be investigated.

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