scholarly journals Joint aluminothermic reduction of oxides Zr, Ta and Nb

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Russkih ◽  
◽  
Sergey N. Agafonov ◽  
Artem A. Ponomarenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Zirconium Alloys ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Target Component ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Degree Of Extraction

Alloys based on the Al-Zr system with insignificant Ta and Nb additives are in demand in the synthesis of complex alloys used to produce titanium alloys for aircraft and rocket technology. A common method for producing aluminum-zirconium alloys and ligatures is the out-of-furnace metallothermal reduction of zirconium from oxides and direct fusion of components. The practice of such methods has a number of significant disadvantages: poor separation of the metal and oxide phases, a low degree of extraction of the target component, the use of thermal additives, and the high cost of the resulting product. The solution to the problem may be a technology option where the temperature regime of the metallothermal reduction process is ensured both due to the heat of exothermic reactions and due to the additional supply of relatively inexpensive electrical energy. In this work, we investigated the possibility of obtaining alloys using metallothermal reduction from oxides based on ZrAl with Ta and Nb additives. An experimental technique for producing an alloy is presented. The data of X-ray phase analysis (XRD) and chemical analysis of the alloy. as well as an analysis of the content of oxygen and nitrogen in the alloy. X-ray phase analysis showed the formation of the ZrAl2 compound in all the studied alloys, as well as solid solutions (Zr4Nb)Al3, (Zr0.8Ta0.2)Al3, (Zr4Nb0.5Ta0.5)Al3 corresponding to the added element, ZrO2 is present in the 3 alloys, which tells us about not up to the reduced oxide Zr. These data are confirmed by analysis of the gas content in the alloy, where there is an increased oxygen content. The performed study can serve as a scientific basis for the development of promising metallothermal technologies for the production of rare metal alloys.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SYNTHESIS OF INORGANIC LUMINESCENT MATERIAL FROM PHOSPHOGYPSUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Nina P. Shabelskaya ◽  
Elena V. Vasilieva ◽  
Elena A. Yakovenko ◽  
Yulia S. Podkovyrina ◽  
Alina A. Skorynina
Keyword(s):  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Calcium Sulfide ◽  
Luminescent Material ◽  
Isothermal Exposure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Stage

The paper discusses technological methods for obtaining a luminescent material from phosphogypsum. The obtained materials were characterized using X-ray phase analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and electron microscopy. The elemental composition of the samples was determined using a laboratory micro-fluorimeter. In the course of the study, the technological conditions for converting the main part of phosphogypsum into a luminescent material based on calcium sulfide were established. It is shown that the process of obtaining luminescent CaS consists of dehydration stages: the initial stage, carried out at a temperature of 373 K to remove physically bound water, and the final stage, at a temperature of 1073 K – to remove crystallization water, as well as the stage of phosphogypsum reduced at a temperature of 1173 K for 0.5 h. An environmentally friendly material-sucrose-is considered as a reducing agent. It is shown that in the case of changing the technological modes of reduction the luminescent material cannot be obtained. Conducting the reduction process at a temperature of 773 K is accompanied by obtaining a sample contaminated with products of incomplete decomposition of the organic component of the charge. In this case, the sample does not contain calcium sulfide. Under prolonged isothermal exposure at a temperature of 1173 K, repeated oxidation of samples with loss of luminescence ability was observed. Optimal technological modes for obtaining materials with phosphor properties are formulated. According to the results of X-ray phase analysis, samples that do not show luminescence capacity contain calcium sulfate as the main phase. Samples-phosphors consist of a mixture of calcium sulfate and sulfide. Results obtained open up wide opportunities for involving in the re-processing of production waste to obtain cheap products in demand.

X-ray phase analysis in leucite systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (suppl_26) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Maixner ◽  
A. Kloužková ◽  
M. Mrázová ◽  
M. Kohoutková
Keyword(s):  
Phase Analysis ◽  
X Ray

Texture Evolution Under Fast Heating and Cooling Rates of Zirconium Alloys Studied In-Situ by Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Toan Nguyen ◽  
Alistair Garner ◽  
Javier Romero ◽  
Antoine Ambard ◽  
Michael Preuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Zirconium Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Effect of synthesis and activation methods on the character of CoMo/ultrastable Y-zeolite catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 745-754
Author(s):  
Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas ◽  
Eddy Heraldy ◽  
Rachmadani ◽  
Yuniawan Hidayat ◽  
Indriana Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Irregular Particle ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pure Metals

Abstract The properties of three types of CoMo/USY catalysts with different synthesized methods have been studied. The sequential and co-impregnation methods followed by activation using calcination and reduction process have been conducted. The properties of the catalysts were examined using Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) with refinement, and surface area analyzer (SAA). The FTIR spectrum study revealed the enhanced intensity of its Bronsted acid site, and the XRD diffractogram pattern verified the composition of pure metals, oxides, and alloys in the catalyst. The SAA demonstrated the mesoporous features of the catalyst. Scanning electron microscopy showed an irregular particle morphology. Additional analysis using the transmission electron microscopy indicated that the metal has successfully impregnated without damaging the USY structure.

scholarly journals Mobility and Bioavailability of Metal(loid)s in a Fluvial System Affected by the Mining and Industrial Processing of Pb

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Unai Cortada ◽  
María Carmen Hidalgo ◽  
Julián Martínez ◽  
María José de la Torre
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Mining District ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Mobile Fraction ◽  
Type Water ◽  
The Impact

The abandoned mining district of Linares (South Spain) is marked with waste from the mining and the processing of metal ores that pose an environmental hazard to watercourses. A combined analysis of waste, sediments and water was carried out to analyse the impact of a smelter on Baños Creek. The composition of the facility waste was determined using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The total contents of the metal(loid)s in the waters and sediments of the watercourse were analysed, and sequential metal(loid) extraction of solid samples was carried out. The facility wastes consisted mainly of secondary minerals, such as natropharmacosiderite and spertiniite, as well as rare metal salts, such as mopungite and NaPb2(CO3)2(OH). The leachates generated by these wastes were highly alkaline, with a pH of 10 and a total dissolved solids concentration of approximately 9 g L−1. This Na-bicarbonate-type water had an As concentration above 200 mg L−1 and elevated levels of Pb, Sb and Zn (5029 µg L−1, 841 µg L−1 and 525 µg L−1, respectively). This highly contaminated lixiviate had a significant effect on the chemical quality of the waters and the bioavailability of metal(loid)s in the creek sediments, especially in the headwaters. In this zone, the As, Pb, Sb and Zn concentrations in the most mobile fraction of the sediments reached 1035 mg kg−1, 261 mg kg−1, 45 mg kg−1 and 30 mg kg−1, respectively. By comparison, smelter slag and mining waste have a much lower impact on the waters and the mobile fraction of the sediments, while significantly increasing the total concentration of these potentially toxic elements in creek sediments.

Study of Low-Grade Nickel Laterite Processing Using Palm Shell Charcoal as Reductant

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 436-446
Author(s):  
Bambang Suharno ◽  
Nolzha Primadha Ilman ◽  
Achmad Shofi ◽  
Deni Ferdian ◽  
Fajar Nurjaman
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Selective Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Nickel Grade

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of palm shell charcoal reductant in the selective reduction of nickel ore with the addition of additive at various temperatures and times. In this present work, 10 wt. % of sodium sulfate as additive and 5, 10, 15 wt. % of palm shell charcoal as reductants were used. The reduction of nickel ore was performed at 950oC, 1050oC, and 1150oC for 60, 90, and 120 minutes. A wet magnetic separation method was then carried out to separate the concentrates and tailings. Characterization of reduced ore was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), while the composition of ferronickel in concentrate was identified by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The result showed that the higher temperature reduction, the higher of nickel grade, and its recovery at the concentrate. Nevertheless, the longer reduction time and the more reductant in nickel ore lowering the nickel grade and its recovery in the concentrate. The optimum condition in this selective reduction process was obtained with the addition of 5 wt. % of reductant and 10 wt. % of sodium sulfate in nickel ore, which was reduced at 1150oC for 60 minutes. It resulted in 4.60% and 73.23% for nickel grade and its recovery, respectively.

Qualitative phase analysis system for crystalline mixtures based on X-ray powder diffraction file

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
YuanYuan Qiao ◽  
YunFei Xi ◽  
DongTao Zhuo ◽  
Ji Jun Wang ◽  
ShaoFan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Powder Diffraction File ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Qualitative Phase ◽  
Full Peak

A qualitative phase identification system for crystalline mixtures is presented. The system provides up to five-phase qualitative identification using up to nine-peak filtration, and additive full peak matching based on the powder diffraction file of ICDD. It was implemented using Microsoft Visual C++, and runs under most common Windows systems. Screenshots and examples are included.

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