USE OF AUGMENTED AND VIRTUAL REALITY TOOLS IN A GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN THE CONTEXT OF BLENDED LEARNING

The study examines the problem of using augmented and virtual reality in the process of blended learning in general secondary education. Analysis of recent research and publications has shown that the use of augmented and virtual reality in the educational process has been considered by scientists. However, the target group in these studies is students of higher education institutions. Most of the works of scientists are devoted to the problem of introducing augmented reality into the traditional educational process. At the same time, the use of augmented and virtual reality technologies in the process of blended learning remains virtually unexplored. The study analyzes the meaning of the concept of "blended learning". The conceptual principles of blended learning are considered. It has been found that scholars differ in their understanding of the concept of "blended learning". Sometimes researchers distinguish between the components of blended learning: full-time and online learning. The study presents the special advantages of blended learning and the taxonomy of blended learning. It was found that there are some difficulties in implementing blended learning. The article outlines the practical use of virtual and augmented reality. The definition of augmented and virtual reality is given. The mixed reality is considered as a separate kind of notion. Separate applications of virtual and augmented reality that can be used in the process of blended learning are considered (MEL Chemistry VR; Anatomyou VR; Google Expeditions; EON-XR). As a result of the study, the authors propose possible ways to use augmented reality in the educational process. The model of using augmented and virtual reality in blended learning in general secondary education institutions was designed. It consists of the following blocks: goal; teacher’s activity; forms of education; teaching methods; teaching aids; organizational forms of education; pupil activity and results. Based on the model, the methodology of using augmented and virtual reality in blended learning in general secondary education was developed. The methodology contains the following components: target component, content component, technological component and resultant component. The methodology is quite universal and can be used for any subject in general secondary education. The types of lessons in which it is expedient to use augmented (AR) and virtual reality(VR) are determined. Recommendations are given at which stage of the lesson it is better to use AR and VR tools (depending on the type of lesson).

Influence of Microwave Radiation on Whiskey Distillate Quality Indicators

The paper aims to evaluate the quality indicators of the whiskey distillate during its maturation under the influence of microwave radiation based on the method of multiple regression analysis to determine the optimal technological parameters for its production. In the course of solving the problem of product import substitution, we tested the patented technology for producing strong alcoholic beverages at the stage of their aging, using oak chips with various degrees of heat treatment. One of the promising areas for intensifying the process of whiskey distillate maturation is applying “green technologies”, with microwave heating being one of them. Positive results were obtained for the effect of microwave radiation on the process of target component extraction from oak chips with a water-alcohol solution. The duration of this extraction process was reduced by more than 2 times, which confirmed its intensity in relation to the classical method. The obtained regression models proved adequate, since the mean relative error varied within 10%. The chromatographic analysis of the whiskey produced at the optimal technological parameters showed that all physical and chemical properties and product safety meet the requirements of the applicable regulations and standards.

Interphase Surface Stability in Liquid-Liquid Membrane Contactors Based on Track-Etched Membranes

A promising solution for the implementation of extraction processes is liquid–liquid membrane contactors. The transfer of the target component from one immiscible liquid to another is carried out inside membrane pores. For the first time, highly asymmetric track-etched membranes made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) of the same thickness but with different pore diameters (12.5–19 nm on one side and hundreds of nanometers on the other side) were studied in the liquid–liquid membrane contactor. For analysis of the liquid–liquid interface stability, two systems widely diverging in the interfacial tension value were used: water–pentanol and water–hexadecane. The interface stability was investigated depending on the following process parameters: the porous structure, the location of the asymmetric membrane in the contactor, the velocities of liquids, and the pressure drop between them. It was shown that the stability of the interface increases with decreasing pore size. Furthermore, it is preferable to supply the aqueous phase from the side of the asymmetric membrane with the larger pore size. The asymmetry of the porous structure of the membrane makes it possible to increase the range of pressure drop values between the phases by at least two times (from 5 to 10 kPa), which does not lead to mutual dispersion of the liquids. The liquid–liquid contactor based on the asymmetric track-etched membranes allows for the extraction of impurities from the organic phase into the aqueous phase by using a 1% solution of acetone in hexadecane as an example.

Estimating Activity Coefficients of Target Components in Poorly Specified Mixtures with NMR Spectroscopy and COSMO-RS

Poorly specified mixtures are common in process engineering, especially in bioprocess engineering. The properties of such mixtures of unknown composition cannot be described using conventional thermodynamic models. The NEAT method, which has recently been developed in our group, enables the calculation of activity coefficients of known target components in such poorly specified mixtures. In NEAT, the group composition of the mixture is determined by NMR spectroscopy and a thermodynamic group contribution method is used for calculating the activity coefficients. In all previous studies with NEAT, the UNIFAC group contribution method was used. In the present work, we demonstrate that NEAT can also be applied with another important method for predicting activity coefficients: COSMO-RS. COSMO-RS (OL) developed in Oldenburg together with its group contribution version GC-COSMO-RS (OL) is used here. The new version of NEAT was successfully tested. For a variety of aqueous mixtures excellent agreement of the NEAT predictions, for which only information on the target component was used, with results that were obtained using the full knowledge on the composition of the mixture was found. The results demonstrate the generic nature of the idea of NEAT and the broad applicability of the method.

High-impact innovations for high-salinity membrane desalination

Reducing the cost of high-salinity (>75 g/L total dissolved solids) brine concentration technology would unlock the potential for vast inland water supplies and promote the safe management of concentrated aqueous waste streams. Impactful innovation will target component performance improvements and cost reductions that yield the highest impact on system costs, but the desalination community lacks methods for quantitatively evaluating the value of innovation or the robustness of technology platforms relative to competing technologies. This work proposes a suite of methods built on process-based cost optimization models that explicitly address the complexities of membrane-separation processes, namely that these processes comprise dozens of nonlinearly interacting components and that innovation can occur in more than one component at a time. We begin by demonstrating the merit of performing simple parametric sensitivity analysis on component performance and cost to guide the selection of materials and manufacturing methods that reduce system costs. A more rigorous implementation of this approach relates improvements in component performance to increases in component costs, helping to further discern high-impact innovation trajectories. The most advanced implementation includes a stochastic simulation of the value of innovation that accounts for both the expected impact of a component innovation on reducing system costs and the potential for improvements in other components. Finally, we apply these methods to identify innovations with the highest probability of substantially reducing the levelized cost of water from emerging membrane processes for high-salinity brine treatment.

Criterial Approach to Assessment as a Key Component of the System for Independent Assessment of the Educational Results of Future Teachers

Introduction. The article presents the conceptual foundations of building a system of criteria-based assessment of educational results, which is considered as a subsystem of the system of independent assessment of educational results. The stages of formation and development of a competence-based approach to assessment in school and university education are analyzed. The main components of the criteria-based assessment system are revealed, a description of the methods for formulating criteria and indicators is given, the key stages of building a criteria-based system for assessing educational results are highlighted.Materials and Methods. The research is based on the systemic, activity-based and competence-based approaches to the training of bachelors of pedagogical education, which made it possible to determine and coordinate the components of the criteria-based assessment system with the components of the system of independent assessment of educational results. It has been established that the key components of such a system are the target component, educational results, indicators of achievement of educational outcomes, assessment tools, assessment indicators and levels of achievement of educational results. The specifics of the presentation of educational results based on the reformulation of competencies in combination with the labor actions of the teacher are disclosed. The principles of integrity and optimality for the presentation of indicators of achievement of educational results, considered as assessment criteria, have been determined.Results. The purpose of building a system of criteria-based assessment of the educational results of future teachers is determined and a description of the concepts of "educational results", "evaluation means" is given. The ways of describing educational results and ways of presenting assessment indicators are disclosed. The description of the form of presentation of assessment tools, the structure of which includes organizational and methodological, substantive and criterion-assessment parts, is given. It is shown that the levels of success of the student's activity when performing tasks, which are evaluative tools, act as levels of achievement of educational results.Discussion and Conclusions. The article discusses the relationship between the system of criteria-based assessment and the rating system for assessing the quality of training of students. The conclusion formulated in the article is presented in the form of technological stages of building a system of criteria-based assessment of educational results.

Optimal Modular Remanufactured Product Configuration and Harvesting Planning for End-of-Life Products

Since remanufacturing requires additional processes compared to the production process of new products, various factors need to be considered. First, it is necessary to decide which end-of-life (EoL) product parts/modules to use among the EoL products available for the remanufactured product. At this stage, it is crucial to understand the future customer demand and requirements for each part. Next, it is also necessary to figure out whether selective disassembly is possible to disassemble a specific target component without completely disassembling the product. With the increasing number of product designs that are difficult to disassemble, the disassembly sequence and level should be considered for the efficiency of the overall remanufacturing process. This study proposes an integrated model to (i) find configuration design suitable for remanufactured products that can maximize customer utility based on current EoL products, and (ii) establish a harvest plan that determines the optimal operations and levels. This proposed model can be used as a tool that helps product designers find the appropriate design of remanufactured products while increasing the efficiency of the remanufacturing process.

Application of NEAT for the Simulation of Liquid-liquid Extraction Processes with Poorly Specified Feeds

The conceptual design of fluid separation processes is particularly challenging if the considered mixtures are poorly specified, since classical thermodynamic models cannot be applied when the composition is unknown. We have recently developed a method (NEAT) to predict activity coefficients in such mixtures. It combines the thermodynamic group contribution concept with the ability of NMR spectroscopy to quantify chemical groups. In the present work, we describe how NEAT can be applied to equilibrium stage simulations of liquid–liquid extraction processes with poorly specified feeds. Only a single 13C NMR spectrum of the feed is needed for predicting the distribution of a target component for different process parameters, such as temperature or extracting agent. The predictions from several test cases are compared to results that are obtained using the full knowledge on the composition of the feed and surprisingly good agreement is found.

DETERMINATION OF QUANTITATIVE CONTENT OF CHARGE STOCKS IN GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUEL BINARY MIXTURE

An approach to establishing quantitative indicators of the composition of gasoline and diesel fuel mixtures with determination of the content of charge stocks is presented. Correctness indicator of the method, as a measure of deviation from a true value, was 6.5% volume while studying the model sample. As an auxiliary method for qualitative determination of gasoline or diesel fuel, the method of fractional distillation (distillation) at atmospheric pressure was used. Determination of the fractional composition of the mixtures was carried out under normal conditions for charge stocks as well as their mixtures with a concentration range of predominantly 10% volume. Research has shown a significant increase in the final boiling point temperature with availability of even a small amount of diesel fuel in gasoline as well as decrease in the initial boiling point when adding gasoline to diesel fuel. The study by gas-liquid chromatography method made it possible to establish an approximate boundary of gasoline components redistribution: diesel fuel mixtures when their proportions are changed. It was noted that the main redistribution of components occurs before and after adding n-Nonane which content in gasolines and diesel fuels is relatively small. Using the ratio of the sum of point areas eluting before n-Decane (without n-Nonane) and after n-Decane (including n-Nonane), considering unidentified ones, as the distribution coefficient of the source k components , it was possible to establish proportions of source components. The k coefficient dependence on the content of diesel fuel is nonlinear. Transition to linear relationship in the coordinates of the linear logarithm of the k coefficient and the content of diesel fuel showed the presence of strong negative correlation with the values of the coefficient of reliability of approximation from -0.982 to -0.997 for model mixtures. The practical application of the k coefficient to determine the content of gasoline and diesel fuel can be recommended when constructing narrow calibration dependences in the range from 20 to 40% (vol.) of the target component.