A SUDDEN OCCURANCE OF RESPIRATORY ILLNESS: NOVEL CORONA VIRUS DISEASE (COVID 19)

A series of acute and atypical serious respiratory illnesses were reported in December 2019 from Wuhan, a city of China. It spread to other places and became a global pandemic involving more than 200 countries of the world. Soon, it was discovered that this atypical respiratory illness was caused by a novel corona virus. It was named as the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease caused by it as corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Since COVID-19 is a new viral disease, world is still struggling to find out a permanent remedy to control this serious health problem. It seems prudent to study or have a look on the pathophysiology of SARS CoV-2 in the light of available research. Further, a review on pathophysiology may give an insight on the potential therapeutic options. Being a new virus and having potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality in short span of time various approved drugs are being repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19.

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Corona Virus Disease 2019

Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia ◽

10.36497/jri.v40i2.101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 119-129

Author(s):

Diah Handayani ◽

Dwi Rendra Hadi ◽

Fathiyah Isbaniah ◽

Erlina Burhan ◽

Heidy Agustin

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infection ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

World Health ◽

Probable Case ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Severity Of The Disease ◽

Health Organization

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new name given by World Health Organization (WHO) of 2019 novel corona virus infection, reported at the end of 2019 from Wuhan, Cina. The spread of infection occurs rapidly and creates a new pandemic threat. Etiology of COVID-19 was identified in 10 January 2020, a betacorona virus, similar with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS CoV). The clue diagnosis pathway of COVID-19 were history of travel from Wuhan or others infected countries within 14 days prior, and symptoms of acute respiratory illness (ARI) or lower respiratory infection (pneumonia) with the result of real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) specific for COVID-19. The WHO classified COVID-19 into suspect case, probable case and confirmed case. Indonesia Ministry of Health classified the case into in monitoring (ODP), patient under surveillance (PDP), people without symptom (OTG) and confirmed case. Specimens for detection COVID-19 could be acquired from nasal and nasopharynx swab, sputum and another lower respiratory aspirate including broncoalveolar lavage (BAL). Management of COVID-19 consist of isolation and infection control, supportive treatment according to the disease severity which could be mild (acute respiratory infection) to severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Disease transmission is via droplets and contact with droplets. Currently, there is no antiviral and vaccine. Prevention is very important for this disease by limitation of transmission, identification and isolate patients. Prognosis is determined by severity of the disease and patient comorbidity. Information about this novel disease remains very few, studies are still ongoing and is needing further research to fight with this new virus. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 120-30)

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COVID-19: A Global Pandemic of 21st Century

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v10i3-s.4088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3-s) ◽

pp. 311-321

Author(s):

Prabhakar Budholiya ◽

Abdul Wajid Ali ◽

Deepshikha Gunwan ◽

Sana Sahil ◽

C.K. Tyagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Disease ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

World Health ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Director General ◽

Corona Virus ◽

The World ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Health Organization ◽

Corona Viruses

In last of 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started monitoring the outbreak of a new corona virus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes the respiratory illness now known as COVID-19. Authorities first identified the virus in Wuhan, China. More than 82542 case of Corona virus in China at 31 March 2020. Health authorities have identified many other people with COVID-19 around the world. On 31 March 2020, the virus spread more than 750890 People in the World. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a public health emergency relating to COVID-19. Since then, this strain has been diagnosed in several residents of world. The CDC have advised that it is likely to spread to more people. COVID-19 has affected at least 213 countries or territories or areas. The first people with COVID-19 had links to an animal and seafood market. This fact suggested that animals initially transmitted the virus to humans. However, people with a more recent diagnosis had no connections with or exposure to the market, confirming that humans can pass the virus to each other. Corona viruses will infect most people at some time during their lifetime. Corona viruses can mutate effectively, which makes them so contagious. Information on the virus is scarce at present. In the past, respiratory conditions that develop from corona viruses, such as SARS and MERS, have spread through close contacts. On 17 February 2020, the Director-General of the WHO presented at a media briefing the following updates on how often the symptoms of COVID-19.However, while some viruses are highly contagious, it is less clear how rapidly corona viruses will spread. Symptoms vary from person-to-person with COVID-19. It may produce few or no symptoms. However, it can also lead to severe illness and may be fatal. On 11 March 2020, WHO declared Novel Corona virus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak as a Pandemic. Keywords: WHO, ICMR, SARS-CoV-2, Bats, Wuhan City, Pneumonia, Respiratory Infection, Pandemic

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Spread of Corona Virus Disease (COVID – 19) from an Outbreak to Pandemic in the Year 2020

Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.9734/ajrid/2020/v3i430135 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 37-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Ghafoor Ali ◽

Muhammad Owais Ahmad ◽

Saima Narjees Husain

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Code Of Ethics ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

World Health ◽

Special Treatment ◽

Infected People ◽

Corona Virus ◽

First Case

Aims: The COVID-19 is most recently discovered of the corona viruses which caused respiratory infections consisting of two large scale pandemics MERS & SARS and found to be zoonotic in origin. The disease started from Wuhan local seafood market in China and infected 2,761 people. The 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of critically ill patients and has shown it 96% identical to bat coronavirus and bearing same cell entry receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). Corona means crown in Latin and it look like a crown under a microscope. Corona virus disease is an infectious disease where most infected people suffered from mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment however older people and those with underlying medical problems develop serious illness and can be prevented by washing the hands or using an alcohol based rub and not touching the face. Outbreak is small but unusual; the epidemic is outbreak over a larger geographic area while pandemic spreads to multiple countries. Methodology: The duration of review for spread of COVID-19 was between 31st December 2019 to 11th March 2020. The 31st December 2019 was the reporting of first case of Corona Virus (COVID-19) by the China while 11th March was declaration date of Pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO).A total of 70 papers consisting of research article, review papers and news reports has been studied and evaluated. Results: China on 31 December 2019 first informed about COVID-19 and WHO declared on 11 March 2020 that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic. Scientists suspected that corona virus originated in a bat and before passing to human hopped to another animal. Thailand, Japan, USA, France, Australia, Germany, Italy and Spain reported their first case on 13, 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 31 and 31 January 2020. In February the cases reported by Belgium, Egypt, Iran, Brazil, Pakistan, Netherland, England and Ireland on 4,14,19,25,26,27,28,29 while in March cases seen in Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Peru and Turkey on 2, 5, 6 and 10 respectively. WHO on 11 March 2020 assessed the outbreak as a pandemic with 114 affected countries. Conclusions: The spread of disease as a pandemic occurred due to movement of carriers outside China. Strict quarantine needed to prevent spread of disease. The code of ethics for social distancing should be defined and strictly implemented. Selling, buying and eating of wildlife animals should be internationally banned.

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Pregnancy and Childbirth in COVID-19 Positive/Probable and Suspected Patients: A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons ◽

10.3329/jbcps.v38i0.47443 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 91-108

Author(s):

Mosammat Rashida Begum ◽

Nazia Ehsan ◽

Mariya Ehsan ◽

Azaz Bin Sharif

Keyword(s):

Virus Disease ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

International Health ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Gravid Uterus ◽

Published Data ◽

Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽

Corona Virus

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic disease caused by novel corona virus called SARS-CoV-2. Over 213 countries as of July 15, 2020, 13.1 million people are affected by this deadly virus. More than 100 million women are pregnant worldwide and potentially all are at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Coronaviruses cause illness ranging in severity from common cold and severe respiratory illness to death. Frequent manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, cough, myalgia, headache, and diarrhoea. Abnormal test result shows abnormalities on chest radiographic imaging, lymphopenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Physiological changes during pregnancy like altered immunity, reduced functional residual volume, pressure on diaphragm by advanced gravid uterus may lead to adverse respiratory outcome in any viral disease. Maternal mortality was very high in other corona viruses like Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). No evidence of in utero transmission was seen in SARS or MERS. Coronavirus disease 2019 might increase the risk of vertical transmission and pregnancy complications. So, meticulous management is necessary for safe maternal and foetal outcome. Early isolation, aggressive infection control procedures, oxygen therapy are the key component of COVID-19 management. In pregnancy multidisciplinary approach should be taken for general and obstetrical management. At present there is no specific treatment for COVID-19. Based on results from observational studies empiric antibacterial and antiviral drugs are used. Very recently a few controlled trials were published that suggest few treatment options. On the basis of published data and recommendations of international health organizations, the aim of this review is to explore effective treatment and care of the pregnant women throughout pregnancy, during childbirth and afterwards in this novel SARS-CoV-2 crisis. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(0): 91-108

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A clinical approach to COVID-19

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 723-729

Author(s):

Akshata Jaiswal ◽

Swapnil Borage ◽

Priyanka Shelotkar

Keyword(s):

Virus Disease ◽

Nasal Congestion ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Supplemental Oxygen ◽

Control Measures ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Clinical Approach ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Corona Virus

The Corona Virus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis emerging these days and the most significant challenge faced since World War Two. Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel Corona Virus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first identified due to outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, China. The most common symptoms include dry cough, fever and tiredness. Some may also develop aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhoea. There are no drugs or other therapeutics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to prevent or treat COVID-19. Both ancient, as well as modern therapeutic procedures, can be adopted for COVID -19. Current advanced clinical management includes infection prevention and control measures and supportive care, including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilator support depending upon the condition. On the other hand, Ayurveda is equipped with a variety of treatment protocols including Dincharya (daily regime), Rutucharya (seasonal regime), Pranayama (Breathing exercise), and various Panchakarma (Purification) procedures.

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Indikationen für chinesische Arzneimitteltherapie bei Covid-19-Erkrankungen

Zeitschrift für Komplementärmedizin ◽

10.1055/a-1189-9949 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (03) ◽

pp. 18-18

Author(s):

Christian Thede

Keyword(s):

Virus Disease ◽

Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin ◽

Chinesische Medizin ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Chinesische Arzneimitteltherapie

SummaryIn Reaktion auf den massiven Ausbruch von Covid-19-Erkrankungen in der Region Wuhan wurde von staatlicher Seite bereits Ende Januar 2020 eine Expertenkommission namhafter chinesischer TCM-Fachleute berufen. Nach der Sichtung einer größeren Anzahl von Patienten in Wuhan wurdenTherapieprotokolle für verschiedene Krankheitsstadien formuliert, die in den „Guidance for Corona Virus Disease 2019“ des Generalbüros der Nationalen Hygiene und Gesundheitskommission und des Büros der staatlichen Verwaltung für traditionelle chinesische Medizin aufgenommen wurden.

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