scholarly journals Pregnancy and Childbirth in COVID-19 Positive/Probable and Suspected Patients: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Mosammat Rashida Begum ◽  
Nazia Ehsan ◽  
Mariya Ehsan ◽  
Azaz Bin Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
International Health ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Corona Virus

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic disease caused by novel corona virus called SARS-CoV-2. Over 213 countries as of July 15, 2020, 13.1 million people are affected by this deadly virus. More than 100 million women are pregnant worldwide and potentially all are at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Coronaviruses cause illness ranging in severity from common cold and severe respiratory illness to death. Frequent manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, cough, myalgia, headache, and diarrhoea. Abnormal test result shows abnormalities on chest radiographic imaging, lymphopenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Physiological changes during pregnancy like altered immunity, reduced functional residual volume, pressure on diaphragm by advanced gravid uterus may lead to adverse respiratory outcome in any viral disease. Maternal mortality was very high in other corona viruses like Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). No evidence of in utero transmission was seen in SARS or MERS. Coronavirus disease 2019 might increase the risk of vertical transmission and pregnancy complications. So, meticulous management is necessary for safe maternal and foetal outcome. Early isolation, aggressive infection control procedures, oxygen therapy are the key component of COVID-19 management. In pregnancy multidisciplinary approach should be taken for general and obstetrical management. At present there is no specific treatment for COVID-19. Based on results from observational studies empiric antibacterial and antiviral drugs are used. Very recently a few controlled trials were published that suggest few treatment options. On the basis of published data and recommendations of international health organizations, the aim of this review is to explore effective treatment and care of the pregnant women throughout pregnancy, during childbirth and afterwards in this novel SARS-CoV-2 crisis. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(0): 91-108

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its potential therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Alam Khan ◽  
Nazeem Ishrat Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

A series of acute and atypical serious respiratory illnesses were reported in December 2019 from Wuhan, a city of China. It spread to other places and became a global pandemic involving more than 200 countries of the world. Soon, it was discovered that this atypical respiratory illness was caused by a novel corona virus. It was named as the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease caused by it as corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Since COVID-19 is a new viral disease, world is still struggling to find out a permanent remedy to control this serious health problem. It seems prudent to study or have a look on the pathophysiology of SARS CoV-2 in the light of available research. Further, a review on pathophysiology may give an insight on the potential therapeutic options. Being a new virus and having potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality in short span of time various approved drugs are being repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19.

UPDATE ON CARDIOVASCULAR IMPLICATIONS OF COVID 19

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan ◽  
Gayathri Ananyajyothi Ambat ◽  
Roshini Ambat ◽  
Syed Ilas Basha ◽  
Hema Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Acute Myocardial Injury ◽  
Exercise Induced

On March 11 2020 WHO declares corona viral disease as a global pandemic .COVID 19 pandemic has taken the world by storm and many countries like India is now experiencing a second surge due to mutant strains. Global health emergency has been precipitated by this corona virus disease caused by SARS CoV2.Acute and intermediate effects on cardiovascular system are becoming obvious with progression of time. SARS-CoV-2-related endothelial dysfunction results in an augmented risk for venous thromboembolism, systemic vasculitis, endothelial cell apoptosis, and inammation in various organs. Acute infections have troponin elevation more due to indirect cardiac damage though denite patterns of direct damage do exist. Intermediate evaluation in patients with resolved infections shows increased incidence of exercise induced arrhythmias and residual cardiovascular symptoms. The virus with its zoonotic origin based upon its genomic identity to bat derived SARS corona virus has a human to human transmission mode.ACE 2 receptors facilitate cellular entry and has been implicated in direct and indirect myocardial damage. Myocarditis, acute myocardial injury, arrhythmias and thromboembolism dominates the clinical picture. Role of imaging must be dened in relation to relevant clinical ndings. With arrival of vaccine and widespread vaccination global programs, we can look forward to understanding and managing long term complications of this disease. Prognostic implications of a resolved disease need to be evaluated by future studies.

A SUDDEN OCCURANCE OF RESPIRATORY ILLNESS: NOVEL CORONA VIRUS DISEASE (COVID 19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
SHAIK REEHANA ◽  
DR.A.KISHORE BABU ◽  
ATLURI SANTHI
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Corona Virus

Effect of a novel coronavirus in human and its clinical diagnosis and implications by students of community pharmacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Kanamala Arun Chand Roby ◽  
Singamala Lakshmi Bhargavi ◽  
Gali Devi Sri ◽  
Avula Madhuri ◽  
Sannadi Kamakshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illnesses ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Corona Viruses

Coronavirus are coming under a broad family of virus that can cause respiratory illnesses such as the common cold, according to the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). They are usual in many different species of animals, including camels and bats. Unusually, these corona viruses can evolve and infect humans and then spread between humans. Recent examples of this include SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. 2019 Novel Corona virus (2019-nCoV) is a virus identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness first detected in Wuhan, China. In some cases, the viruses can cause lower-respiratory tract illnesses such as pneumonia and bronchitis. In human corona viruses are currently classified into seven types that are HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV, HKU1, MERS-CoV and 2019-nCoV. These two types of corona virus (MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV) are more dangerous. Some of corona viruses like HCoV-229E, HCo-OC43, HCoNL63 and HKU1 that are continuously circulate in the population of human and cause respiratory infections in human either may children and adults world-wide. They are generally transmitted between animals and humans through sneezing, coughing, touching or shaking hands and making contact with a surface or object. The symptoms of corona virus are sneezing, cough, fatigue, runny nose, sore throat, breathing difficulty and exacerbated. In more severe cases SARS, kidney failure, pneumonia and even death. Diagnosis can be carried out by healthcare provider in laboratory test on respiratory specimens and serum to detect human corona virus. For this virus no specific treatment like vaccines and antiviral drugs but symptoms can be treated.

scholarly journals The use of standardized order sets to optimize treatment for Guillain-Barre Syndrome: a literature review

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S35-S35
Author(s):  
V Karnik ◽  
T Roberts ◽  
W Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Order Sets ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Disease Specific ◽  
Order Set

Background: Standardized order sets are thought to improve patient outcomes in multiple ways. They reduce costs without reducing quality of care, and improve efficiency. In both surgical and medical conditions patients benefit from order sets in various disease states. In Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), the use of standardized order sets may be beneficial as there are a defined set of disease-specific diagnostic tests and treatments to be implemented. Here, the primary aim was to search for, and evaluate standardized order sets for GBS, and to provide a basis for development of future pathways. Methods: We used the Cochrane, TRIP, and MEDLINE/PUBMED databases, searching between January 1966 and April 2014. Search terms included: “Guillain-Barre Syndrome” and its synonyms, “(standardized) order set”, “clinical pathway”, “neurology” and “admission bundle.” Results: Despite anecdotal evidence of order sets, no formal data has been published showing benefit after implementation of these sets in GBS or any neurological condition. Conclusions: Although evidence exists for use of standardized order sets in surgical and medical settings, no published data exist in neurology. Given GBS has a defined set of disease-specific and state-specific treatment options, a standardized order set used on admission for GBS patients may prove to be beneficial.

scholarly journals Sosialisasi bahaya dan upaya pencegahan infeksi corona virus disease (COVID-19) di Kelurahan Koja, Jakarta Utara

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Khariri Khariri
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The Public ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
District Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All

Corona virus Disease (COVID-19) began with a report on December 31, 2019, in Wuhan City of China about pneumonia cluster cases that have not yet been identified. The number of COVID-19 cases has increased and has spread to almost all. The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that COVID-19 is an international health problem and established as a pandemic. COVID-19 case in Indonesia was first reported on March 2, 2020, and spread in 34 provinces in Indonesia. Treatment and vaccination for the prevention of COVID-19 are still in the process of research. So far preventive measures such as maintaining distance, wearing masks, improving the immune system, and hand hygiene are expected to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19. The COVID-19 socialization aims to provide adequate information to the public about the dangers and efforts to prevent COVID-19 that can be carried out by individuals and the community. The socialization was held in Koja Village, North Jakarta on March 8, 2020. The activity was carried out by the Regional Management of Keluarga Alumni Universitas Gadjah Mada (KAGAMA) DKI Jakarta in collaboration with the Health Sub-Department and the Koja District Government, North Jakarta. The main part of the activity is the delivery of COVID-19 material followed by interactive discussions between participants and resource persons. Individual and community prevention efforts are very important in reducing the number of cases and breaking the chain of transmission so that cases do not increase.

scholarly journals Pericarditis in Covid 19 - An Unusual Presentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (31) ◽  
pp. 2532-2534
Author(s):  
Abhijit Wadekar ◽  
Sanyauta Hepat ◽  
Sourya Acharya ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Cardiovascular Involvement ◽  
Major Mode

Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection causing the current pandemic began as a cluster of cases in Wuhan Province of China which has now progressed to the current dangerously exponential rise of billions of cases all over the world.1 COVID19 virus is a single stranded RNA virus having zoonotic origin. It’s ability to cause cross infection is the reason for the current devastating pandemic.2 Adding to that, COVID-19 is also called as novel corona virus as such a strain of virus had never affected mankind before. The spectrum of infection is also quite interesting. Cases range from asymptomatic, mild infections having cold, cough and fever, to life threatening instances of acute respiratory failure requiring ventilator support and intensive care admission.3 With fewer treatment options available, vaccination in the pipeline, the major mode of management is symptomatic treatment. Higher antibiotics, immunity stimulant drugs, oxygen supplementation currently form the mainstay of treatment. The management of Covid-19 still remains us shooting in the dark, exploring for ground-breaking options which prevent mortality and morbidity. Another lesser explored facet of the Covid-19 infection, is its ability to rapidly disseminate in the body and not be restricted just to the respiratory system. This rapid dissemination is the reason for the multi-systemic involvement in extreme cases of Covid-19.4 There have been reported cases of Covid-19 along with neurological and cardiovascular involvement. The cardiovascular involvement can also range from chest pain and palpitations to emergencies like cardiac tamponade and cardiac failure. As the aetiology and complete progression of this disease is yet to be fully understood, such cases with multi-systemic involvement pose imminent challenges in treatment and management.5 Here, we are presenting a case of 29-year-old male Covid positive patient, who presented with chest pain and tachycardia and diagnosed as pericarditis.

scholarly journals Ebola Virus and its Public Health Significance: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nesradin Y
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Electrolyte Balance

Ebola virus disease is a severe, often - fatal, zoonotic viral disease in humans and Nonhuman primates (NHP) like monkeys, gorillas and chimpanzees. Ebola is RNA virus that belongs to the family filoviridae, genus Ebola virus. The viruses (EBOV) are enveloped, non - segmented, negative - sense, single - stranded RNA viruses. Ebola virus disease (EVD) was first described in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 1976. The exact origin, locations and natural reservoir of Ebola virus remain unclear. People can be exposed to Ebola virus from direct contact with the blood and/or secretions of an in fected person. Hunting and butchering of wildlife (great apes and fruit bats) has been identified in previous outbreaks as a potential source of infection. The onset of Ebola virus disease is sudden and early symptoms includes; fever and headache, followed by vomiting and diarrhea. Patients in the final stage of disease die in the clinical picture of massive bleeding, severe dehydration, hypovolemic shock and multi - organ failure. Ebola virus infections can be diagnosed by detecting antigens with an antigen capture ELISA and by detecting viral RNA with Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT - PCR). No specific treatment has been demonstrated yet to be safe and effective for Ebola virus. Standard treatment currently consists of supportive therapy, i ncluding maintenance of blood volume and electrolyte balance, as well as standard nursing care. Prevention and control is mainly based on appropriate precautions to break ways of transmission. Despite the fact that no detection of the virus had been discov ered in Ethiopia so far, it is in medium risk country because of most people travelling from West Africa to South Africa travels via these countries. But, there is lack of updated information on Ebola virus and its zoonotic importance. All the necessary pr ecautions should be made to prevent the virus from entering the country and thus Ethiopian Airlines has been informing passengers on ways to reduce risking exposure and preventing the spread of the disease for those traveling to and from affected countries.

scholarly journals Corona Virus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Diah Handayani ◽  
Dwi Rendra Hadi ◽  
Fathiyah Isbaniah ◽  
Erlina Burhan ◽  
Heidy Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Health Organization

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new name given by World Health Organization (WHO) of 2019 novel corona virus infection, reported at the end of 2019 from Wuhan, Cina. The spread of infection occurs rapidly and creates a new pandemic threat. Etiology of COVID-19 was identified in 10 January 2020, a betacorona virus, similar with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS CoV). The clue diagnosis pathway of COVID-19 were history of travel from Wuhan or others infected countries within 14 days prior, and symptoms of acute respiratory illness (ARI) or lower respiratory infection (pneumonia) with the result of real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) specific for COVID-19. The WHO classified COVID-19 into suspect case, probable case and confirmed case. Indonesia Ministry of Health classified the case into in monitoring (ODP), patient under surveillance (PDP), people without symptom (OTG) and confirmed case. Specimens for detection COVID-19 could be acquired from nasal and nasopharynx swab, sputum and another lower respiratory aspirate including broncoalveolar lavage (BAL). Management of COVID-19 consist of isolation and infection control, supportive treatment according to the disease severity which could be mild (acute respiratory infection) to severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Disease transmission is via droplets and contact with droplets. Currently, there is no antiviral and vaccine. Prevention is very important for this disease by limitation of transmission, identification and isolate patients. Prognosis is determined by severity of the disease and patient comorbidity. Information about this novel disease remains very few, studies are still ongoing and is needing further research to fight with this new virus. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 120-30)

scholarly journals Loss of Smell and Taste: Potential of Using Them as Markers for Early Detection of Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World

The world is currently witnessing a severe health crisis of its time. Everyone is juggling and struggling to fight a viral disease named Covid-19 (Corona virus disease 2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). The genome of newly identified virus is less than 30,000 letters long where pathogenesis involve from being asymptomatic to deadly in all age groups. Almost everybody is at a grave risk in such an unpredictable scenario where range of symptoms are so variable from people to people making this pandemic a threat to human race.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document