scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Analysis of Vegetation Cover in Kurdistan Region-Iraq using MODIS Image Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Yaseen Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
West Part ◽  
Modis Image

The rapidly and wide use of remote sensing and accurately obtain information on the spatiotemporal distribution of large-scale vegetation is of great significance for improving and managing the Environment. To assess and analyze the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation status in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRGI), we used time series NDVI-based vegetation that are extracted from MOD13Q1 MODIS product over 20 years (2000 - 2019). The results showed that vegetation was mainly distributed in the north-east to south-east of the KRGI, while west region has less distributed and almost no vegetation. This is clearly remarkable in the south-west part of the region (Garmian administration). While, the most dominated vegetation province was Duhok province in KRGI during study period. There is a noticeable temporal variation in vegetation over a period of 20-year in the KRGI. The lower vegetated cover area is observed in the years 2000, 2008, and 2009. The increase/decrease of vegetated cover area is not only effected by climate conditions. The anthropogenic resource is also one of the main resources that has a major influence on the increase/decrease of vegetation.

scholarly journals Employing Geographical Principles for Sampling in State of the Art Dialectological Projects

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Buchstaller ◽  
Seraphim Alvanides
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Human Geography ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Demographic Classification

The aims of this paper are twofold. First, we locate the most effective human geographical methods for sampling across space in large-scale dialectological projects. We propose two geographical concepts as a basis for sampling decisions: Geo-demographic classification, which is a multidimensional method used for the socio-economic grouping of areas; we also develop an updated version of functional regions that can be used in sociolinguistic research. We then report on the results of a pilot project that applies these models to collect data regarding the acceptability of vernacular morphosyntactic forms in the North East of England. Following the method of natural breaks advocated for dialectology by Horvath & Horvath (2002), we interpret breaks in the probabilistic patterns as areas of dialect transitions. This study contributes to the debate about the role and limitations of spatiality in linguistic analysis. It intends to broaden our knowledge about the interfaces between human geography and dialectology.

Plan for the development of specialized climate forecasting in NEACC

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
S.V. Emelina ◽  
◽  
V.M. Khan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
The North ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
North Eurasia

The possibility of developing specialized seasonal forecasting within the framework of the North Eurasia Climate Centre is discussed. The purpose of these forecasts is to access the impacts of significant large-scale anomalies of meteorological elements on various economic sectors for the timely informing of government services and private businesses to select optimal strategies for planning preventive measures. A brief overview of the groups of climatic risks in the context of the impacts on the socio-economic sphere is given according to the Russian and foreign bibliographic sources. Examples of the activities of some Regional Climate Centers that produce forecast information with an assessment of possible impacts of weather and climate conditions at seasonal scales on various human activities are given. Keywords: climate services, regional climate forums, weather and climate risks, North Eurasia Climate Centre

scholarly journals Capitalismo distrettuale, localismi d'impresa, globalizzazione

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Scope Economies ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Productive System ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
It Revolution ◽  
Made In

From the late Sixties on, industrial development in Italy evolved through the spread of small and medium sized firms, aggregated in district networks, with an elevated propensity to enterprise and the marked presence of owner-families. Installed within the local systems, the industrial districts tended to simulate large-scale industry exploiting lower costs generated by factors that were not only economic. The districts are characterised in terms of territorial location (above all the thriving areas of the North-east and Centre) and sector, since they are concentrated in the "4 As" (clothing-fashion, home-decor, agri-foodstuffs, automation-mechanics), with some overlapping with "Made in Italy". How can this model be assessed? This is the crucial question in the debate on the condition and prospects of the Italian productive system between the supporters of its capacity to adapt and the critics of economic dwarfism. A dispassionate judgement suggests that the prospects of "small is beautiful" have been superseded, but that the "declinist" view, that sees only the dangers of globalisation and the IT revolution for our SMEs is risky. The concept of irreversible crisis that prevails at present is limiting, both because it is not easy either to "invent", or to copy, a model of industrialisation, and because there is space for a strategic repositioning of the district enterprises. The book develops considerations in this direction, showing how an evolution of the district model is possible, focusing on: gains in productivity, scope economies (through diversification and expansion of the range of products), flexibility of organisation, capacity to meld tradition and innovation aiming at product quality, dimensional growth of the enterprises, new forms of financing, active presence on the international markets and valorisation of the resources of the territory. It is hence necessary to reactivate the behavioural functions of the entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals The effect of the north-east ice stream on the Greenland ice sheet in changing climates

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Greve ◽  
S. Otsu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Ice Stream ◽  
Basal Sliding ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Fast Flow

Abstract. The north-east Greenland ice stream (NEGIS) was discovered as a large fast-flow feature of the Greenland ice sheet by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaginary of the ERS-1 satellite. In this study, the NEGIS is implemented in the dynamic/thermodynamic, large-scale ice-sheet model SICOPOLIS (Simulation Code for POLythermal Ice Sheets). In the first step, we simulate the evolution of the ice sheet on a 10-km grid for the period from 250 ka ago until today, driven by a climatology reconstructed from a combination of present-day observations and GCM results for the past. We assume that the NEGIS area is characterized by enhanced basal sliding compared to the "normal", slowly-flowing areas of the ice sheet, and find that the misfit between simulated and observed ice thicknesses and surface velocities is minimized for a sliding enhancement by the factor three. In the second step, the consequences of the NEGIS, and also of surface-meltwater-induced acceleration of basal sliding, for the possible decay of the Greenland ice sheet in future warming climates are investigated. It is demonstrated that the ice sheet is generally very susceptible to global warming on time-scales of centuries and that surface-meltwater-induced acceleration of basal sliding can speed up the decay significantly, whereas the NEGIS is not likely to dynamically destabilize the ice sheet as a whole.

scholarly journals 501 Years of Spring Precipitation History for the Semi-Arid Northern Iran Derived from Tree-Ring δ18O Data

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Zeynab Foroozan ◽  
Jussi Grießinger ◽  
Kambiz Pourtahmasi ◽  
Achim Bräuning
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Indices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

In semi-arid regions of the world, knowledge about the long-term hydroclimate variability is essential to analyze and evaluate the impact of current climate change on ecosystems. We present the first tree-ring δ18O based hydroclimatic reconstruction for northern semi-arid Iran spanning the period 1515–2015. A highly significant correlation between tree-ring δ18O variations of juniper trees and spring (April–June) precipitation reveals a major influence of spring water availability during the early growing season. The driest period of the past 501 years occurred in the 16th century while the 18th century was the wettest, during which the overall highest frequency of wet year events occurred. A gradual decline in spring precipitation is evident from the beginning of the 19th century, pointing to even drier climate conditions. The analysis of dry/wet events indicates that the frequency of years with relatively dry spring increased over the last three centuries, while the number of wet events decreased. Our findings are in accordance with historical Persian disaster records (e.g., the severe droughts of 1870–1872, 1917–1919; severe flooding of 1867, the 1930s, and 1950). Correlation analyses between the reconstruction and different atmospheric circulation indices revealed no significant influence of large-scale drivers on spring precipitation in northern Iran.

Excavation of a homestead of the Roman era at Halangy Down, St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly, 1950

1955 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ashbee
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
West Part ◽  
Neighbouring Island ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village

Halangy Down (fig. 1) is the lower precipitous slope of the decline from Telegraph Hill (Ordnance Survey B.M. 166. 3 ft.) to the sea at Halangy Porth and Point. Halangy Down and the earlier chambered tomb upon the crest are often referred to locally as ‘Bants Carn’. The true ‘Bants Carn’ is a considerable rock outcrop dominating Halangy Point. This escarpment faces Crow Sound, which separates the north-west part of St. Mary's from the neighbouring island of Tresco. The hill-side is sheltered by the mass of Telegraph Hill from inclement weather from the north-east and east, but is fully exposed to the south-west and west.The existence of an ancient village site here has long been known in the islands. At the close of the last century, the late Alexander Gibson cleared away the underbrush from one of the more prominent huts and made a photographic record of its construction. Shortly after, the late G. Bonsor, of Mairena del Alcor, near Seville, in addition to excavating the chambered tomb, noted a considerable midden together with traces, of prehistoric occupation exposed in the cliffs of Halangy Porth just below the village site. Dr. H. O'Neill Hencken noted Bonsor's description of the midden, and, as nothing was known at the time of the material culture of the ‘village’, he associated the two.

scholarly journals Assessing impacts of land abandonment on Mediterranean biodiversity using indicators based on bird and butterfly monitoring data

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGI HERRANDO ◽  
LLUÍS BROTONS ◽  
MARC ANTON ◽  
FERRAN PÁRAMO ◽  
DANI VILLERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Land Abandonment ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Open Habitat ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Butterfly Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYIn Europe, and particularly in the Mediterranean Basin, the abandonment of traditional land-use practices has been reported as one of the main causes of decline for open-habitat species. Data from large-scale bird and butterfly monitoring schemes in the north-east Iberian Peninsula were used to evaluate the impact that land abandonment has had on local biodiversity. Species’ habitat preferences, along a gradient from open to forest habitats, were significantly related to population trends: for both birds and butterflies, open-habitat species showed the most marked declines while forest species increased moderately. Multi-species indicators for tracking the impact of land abandonment on bird and butterfly populations were developed using habitat preference estimates and population trend indices. The patterns shown by these indicators were in line with the changes occurring in forest cover in the monitoring sites. This study reveals that multi-species indicators based on monitoring data from different taxonomic groups (here, birds and butterflies) may usefully be employed to track impacts of environmental change on biodiversity.

scholarly journals A mixed-methods evaluation of transformational change in NHS North East

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (47) ◽  
pp. 1-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Hunter ◽  
Jonathan Erskine ◽  
Chris Hicks ◽  
Tom McGovern ◽  
Adrian Small ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe North East Transformation System (NETS) was conceived as an experiment in adopting large-scale transformational change across a NHS region in England. Although the NHS in the North East performs well, the health of the population ranks among the poorest in the country. The NETS was viewed as a means of addressing this conundrum. It comprised three components: Vision, Compact and Method.ObjectivesThe evaluation study comprised six elements: a literature review; an evaluation of the evolution and impact of the NETS; an identification of the factors facilitating, and/or acting as barriers to, successful change; an assessment of the role of the NETS project team; establishing how far the changes introduced through the NETS became embedded and sustained; and an evaluation of the impact of the NETS on end users.DesignThe research comprised a longitudinal mixed-methods study conducted over 3.5 years. Research methods included 68 semistructured interviews, observation, two focus groups, documentary analysis and interrupted time series (ITS) analysis. The ITS component comprised analysis of five rapid process improvement workshops in two of the sites.SettingThe research setting was the NHS North East region until its abolition in April 2013 following the UK government’s NHS changes. Fourteen sites were selected for the study, comprising primary care trusts as commissioners, and provider trusts including mental health, community, acute care and ambulance services.ParticipantsThe study respondents were members of staff in the 14 sites drawn from different levels of their organisations.InterventionsThe NETS comprised a complex set of interventions aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of care pathways for staff and patients.Main outcome measuresThe ‘receptive contexts for change’ framework was used to evaluate the transformational change process and its outcomes.Data sourcesQualitative parts of the study drew on semistructured interviews, focus groups, observation and documents. Quantitative parts of the study used routinely collected NHS data.ResultsTransformational change in a complex system takes time and demands consistency, constancy of purpose and organisational stability. The NETS was seriously disrupted by the NHS changes announced in July 2010. Progress was sustained at four of the study sites, but slowed or ceased at the other sites. Leadership style was found to be critical to the success of transformational change.ConclusionsThe NETS was a bold and ambitious initiative which succeeded in bringing about real and lasting change in some parts of the North East. However, it was unable to fully realise its vision and purpose partly because of the widespread reorganisation of the NHS by the new coalition government.Future workThere is a need to develop new methods to understand how change occurs, or fails, in complex settings like the NHS. There is a need for more in-depth studies in those sites that were able to implement and sustain change. This would inform future policy and practice. The results of the quantitative analyses were less conclusive than those obtained by qualitative methods. Further development of mixed-methods approaches would provide additional support for evidence-based decision-making.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

scholarly journals A plutonic diorite complex in the north of the Fiskenæsset region

1976 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
W.R Fitches
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The South ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
West Part ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
East End

A thick diorite-monzodiorite sheet over 2 km in length and up to 600 m in width (fig. 35) is exposed at 50°25'E and 63°55'N, about 7 km south of Qeqertaussaq by Kangerdluarssûngûp taserssua. Several diorite dykes, some over 10 m in thickness, tie parallel to the main body and up to 300 m from it. The north-east end of the body is covered by superficial deposits whilst the south-west part has not yet been mapped out. This is therefore a preliminary account, including petrography, fie1d relations and some geochemistry, and more information will become available during subsequent field seasons.

scholarly journals Craft beer sector collaboration in North East Scotland: The role of individual success

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
James Cunningham ◽  
Stephanie Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
Community Embeddedness ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
To Come ◽  
Individual Success

Our understanding of craft brewing is beginning to grow and a key theme to emerge from this artistic and intrinsically creative sector is the dependence on collaboration between entrepreneurial agents. In the North East of Scotland, the growth in craft beer is also recognised to come from a deep rooted collaboration, as a reaction to and in resistance of large mainstream competition. However, one such enterprise, BrewDog, has grown to achieve global reach to rival that of the large-scale brewers the craft scene sought to challenge. We consider what this unprecedented success means for the remaining collaborators in the local craft beer sector. Our findings point to a shared optimism and possibility of achievement among the craft brewers, aided by BrewDog’s success. However, the nature of collaboration is anchored more in community embeddedness and shared responsibility for market development, rather than in business growth and success replication. While the craft scene acknowledges the inspirational success of ‘one of their own’, strategic drive comes from more localised relations and a desire for independence. This has implications not only for craft beer but also on how collaboration among entrepreneurs sustains in respond to success from within the group.

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