Nonlinear approximation of wildfire front temperature on MODIS data for sub-pixel analysis of burning

An improved approach to evaluate thermal anomalies characteristics using the pixel-based analysis of the MODIS imagery was proposed. The approach allows us to improve the accuracy in estimating characteristics of active combustion zones comparing to the standard Dozier method. We used the imagery of active wildfires in Siberian forests from the MODIS radiometer acquired in the spectral ranges of 3.930–3.990 and 10.780–11.280 mm (bands 21 and 31, respectively). Nonlinear exponential function was used to describe the approximation of the temperature of combustion zones. Available data of field and numerical experiments were used for validating of the approximation accuracy. Nonlinear approximation of wildfire front temperature allows to determine the portion of the active pixel of the MODIS image with the given temperature excess comparing to the temperature of background cover. This improves the accuracy in extracting of active burning zones as well as in classifying the heat release rate at the sub-pixel level of analysis.

Perilaku dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap terjadinya kebakaran gambut di Ogan Komeriling Ilir Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

South Sumatera Province experienced the worst peat fires in 2015, where the larger area is located in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District. Human activity is a very important factor in causing forest and peatland fires,because in fact nearly almost 100 % of forest and land fires are caused by human. One of the purposes of this paper is to study the human activities that could trigger forest and peatland fires in OKI District. The results of this study are expected to produce information about the causes of fires and provide a scientific based information for policymakers to prevent forest and peatland fires in OKI District. This research was conducted in six villages in three sub-districts, Perigi and Riding Village in Pangkalan Lampam Sub-District; Ulak Depati and Jungkal Village in Pampangan Sub-District; and Pulu Beruang and Ujung Tanjung Village in Tulung Selapan Sub-District. This research method is field observations, interviews, and analyzing Terra/Aqua MODIS satellite imagery data to get the burned area. Based on the interview,it had been found that the main behavior of the community triggers peat fires is sonor, land preparation for plantation, and fishing. Terra/Aqua MODIS image analysis reveals that the area burned in 2015 and 2019, mostly occurred in swamp scrub and open land cover. The knowledge and perceptions of the people in OKI Regency on forest and peatland fire control are classified as moderate (56.7% - 83.3%). Community participation in outreach and training activities can increase people knowledge and perceptions on forest and peatland fire control. Public knowledge has an essential correlation with people's perceptions. Positive public perceptions on efforts to control fires will increase their participation. Community participation at the site level will determine the success of controlling forest and land fires.

POTENTIAL AREA ESTIMATION OF FISHING GROUND BASED ON THERMAL FRONT AND UPWELLING IN WEST SUMATERA WATERS IN EAST SEASON

This research was conducted in August to November 2019. It aims to determine the potential fishing ground based on thermal front and upwelling in the waters of West Sumatra. The survey method was applied in this research. The results showed that the distribution of thermal front and upwelling in the waters of West Sumatra experienced a change that was not too significant. Based on the results of sea surface temperature verification on the Aqua MODIS image with the temperature in the field obtained temperature differences of around ± 10C. The catch during the research shows that catches in the thermal front area can be used as a potential fishing ground because the catch in the thermal front area is more than the area outside the thermal front

Analysis of Variance and Correlation Study of Chlorophyll-a in North and South Coast of Lombok Island Using Aqua MODIS Image Data

Chlorophyll-a mapping is widely used in the coastal environment. The mapping results can be utilized as guidance for fishing activities. The presence of chlorophyll-a in phytoplankton is much investigated concerning the existence of fish as a source of livelihood for fishermen around the globe. One method extensively developed is the use of satellite imagery to map the chlorophyll-content in the coastal region from a small area to a global scale, such as Aqua MODIS image data. This study aims to monitor the distribution of chlorophyll-a on the north coast and south coast of Lombok island. Analysis of variance and parametric statistical tests with t-distribution was utilized to examine the correlation between the two types of chlorophyll-a distribution of the coast area, Lombok Island. The result shows that the distribution of chlorophyll-a concentrations on the north coast and the south of the coast is not the same abundance; the south coast of Lombok island has smaller variances, with the concentration distribution is relatively the same. It differs from the north part; the distribution shows less diversity. This result indicates that a reasonably wide interval wherein some coordinates has a relatively diffuse chlorophyll-a concentration with a sufficiently high distribution level. Analysis of variance result also shows that both the north and south coasts have different fertility levels for their coastal waters, which are characterized by the growth rate of chlorophyll-a on the surface water along the coastal region examined

Improving Earth hot-spot detection from MODIS data using MODVOLC algorithm

<p>Space-borne hot-spot detection on the Earth surface is key to monitoring and studying volcanic activity, wildfires and anthropogenic heat sources from space. Lower intensity thermal emission hot-spots, which often represent the onset of volcanic eruptions and large wildfires, are difficult to detect. We are improving the MODVOLC algorithm, which monitors Earth’s surface for hot-spots by analyzing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data every 48 hours, to allow lower intensity thermal emission detection. Improving the existing MODVOLC algorithm for hot-spot detection from MODIS image data is not trivial. A new approach, which we refer it to as the Maximum Radiance Algorithm for MODIS, has been explored. The new approach requires a MODIS 4 µm and accompanying 12 µm global radiance time-series at ~1 km grid spacing. This reference data set describes the maximum radiance that has been measured from each square km of Earth’s surface over a ten year period (having first excluded high natural and anthropogenic heat sources from the time-series, using the existing MODVOLC approach). For each new geolocated MODIS image data, the observed radiance for each pixel is compared with this reference, and if its radiance exceeds the historical maximum, it can be considered a potential hot-spot. A dynamic tolerance is used to then confirm if the potential hot-spot is an actual hot-spot. We show that this new approach for hot-spot detection offers significant advantage over existing techniques for lower intensity thermal emission hot-spot detection during both day and nighttime conditions.</p>

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Vegetation Cover in Kurdistan Region-Iraq using MODIS Image Data

The rapidly and wide use of remote sensing and accurately obtain information on the spatiotemporal distribution of large-scale vegetation is of great significance for improving and managing the Environment. To assess and analyze the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation status in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRGI), we used time series NDVI-based vegetation that are extracted from MOD13Q1 MODIS product over 20 years (2000 - 2019). The results showed that vegetation was mainly distributed in the north-east to south-east of the KRGI, while west region has less distributed and almost no vegetation. This is clearly remarkable in the south-west part of the region (Garmian administration). While, the most dominated vegetation province was Duhok province in KRGI during study period. There is a noticeable temporal variation in vegetation over a period of 20-year in the KRGI. The lower vegetated cover area is observed in the years 2000, 2008, and 2009. The increase/decrease of vegetated cover area is not only effected by climate conditions. The anthropogenic resource is also one of the main resources that has a major influence on the increase/decrease of vegetation.