scholarly journals Toward a Sustainable Model of Scientific Publishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Palavalli-Nettimi
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Journal Publication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
The Impact

The current models of commercial publishing of scientific research costs universities, funding organizations, and governments billions of dollars in the form of annual subscriptions and publishing charges. Yet, many research papers are behind a paywall for the public and those unaffiliated to universities. Much of the research that is freely accessible to everyone requires authors to pay an unreasonable fee leading to inequalities in knowledge dissemination based on affordability. So, we need a sustainable model of scientific publishing that is beneficial to scientists, universities, and the public, especially in light of Covid-19 pandemic related budget cuts. Similar to commercial publishers, many scientific societies publish their own journals. Funding sources and universities should offer publishing grants or annual contributions to fund such societies’ open-access journals and thus support a sustainable publishing model wherein profits generated from academic publishing are invested back into the scientific community. Funding sources should also mandate publishing papers in society journals. To encourage that, hiring committees should place more importance on the article-level metrics than journal quality metrics such as the impact factor. The societies can use the publishing grants to cover journal publication costs and pay commercial publishers only for their value-added services such as manuscript handling and hosting the content online. The proposed publishing model will be sustainable and can strengthen scientific communities by supporting scientific society journals and making science more accessible.

scholarly journals The impact of the diversification of revenues on NGOs’ commercialization: evidence from Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Mikołajczak
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Entrepreneurial Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The commercialization of non-governmental organizations through undertaking an activity based on the commercial sale of services and products is a phenomenon which raises controversy among numerous researchers. Traditionally, NGOs act in a sector of social services to solve problems, such as homelessness, exclusion or social pathologies. They also provide different services which cannot be provided by the market, for instance in education, the healthcare system, culture, or art. Driven by a social mission, NGOs introduce their concepts, strongly relying on fees to perform their activity. They also obtain funds in the form of public donations or payments from private or institutional donors. Growing social needs and changes in the governmental policy aimed at reducing social-aid spending have put pressure on NGOs to develop entrepreneurial strategies to gain financial support. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to investigate how particular funding sources affect the probability of non-governmental organizations’ commercialization. Methods: Data for the analyses have been collected from a national survey of Polish non-governmental organizations. In the analysis of logistic regression, a specially-developed model was used to estimate the probability of NGOs’ commercialization, depending on the selected categories of funding sources. Findings & Value added: An analysis of the results indicates clearly that the likelihood of NGOs’ commercialization slightly decreases as a greater number of private external financial sources is used. In contrast with existing literature, which claims that government funding is crowding out commercial activity, this research finds that, to some extent, public funds positively stimulate the commercialization of NGOs. The contribution of this research is that it introduces the category of internal financing sources of non-profit organizations, which have been overlooked in previous studies. The article provides clear statistical arguments demonstrating that private internal revenues strongly affect the commercialization of the organizations surveyed. The paper is the first to present a model that comprehensively considers the probability of NGOs’ commercialization, including private external and internal, as well as public, sources of funding.

scholarly journals The impact of global risk on the performance of socially responsible and conventional stock indices

Equilibrium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Śliwiński ◽  
Maciej Łobza
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Responsible Investment ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Rational Choices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nonfinancial Factors

Research background: In the last decades social responsible investment has evolved into an important and influential investment class. What supports then the development of SRI? The neoclassical approach suggests that the attractiveness of investment should result from the risk-return relationship that is satisfying for the investor. However, the performance analysis of SRI vs. conventional investment, conducted in numerous research papers, often delivers contradictory conclusions. If financial factors could not explain the phenomenon of SRI, nonfinancial factors may have played a decisive role in the formation of modern SRI market. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to analyze financial investment perfor-mance of socially responsible vs. respective conventional indices in the periods of high, low and unidentified global risk. Therefore, a following research hypothesis was verified: SR indices perform financially better in high-risk periods than in low-risk periods. This hypoth-esis is justified by the assumption that, when selecting SRI, investors go by a longer invest-ment horizon than they do when selecting other investments, not subject to such verification. Methods: Among SR indices, we chose three to compare them with their conventional counterparts: DJSI US vs. DJITR (USA), DJSI Korea vs. KOSPI (South Korea) and Respect Index vs. WIG20TR (Poland). The VIX index was used as the global measure of risk aver-sion. To measure the relative performance of SR and conventional indices in different risk periods, we applied risk-adjusted performance measures, including RSD, Sharpe and Treynor ratios, traditional and asymmetrical CAPM. Findings & Value added: The research shows that conventional and socially responsible indices do not differ statistically in terms of risk and return irrespective of global risk. Our research confirms that the rising, socially responsible, investment market cannot be analyzed only through the prism of simplified rational choices. Additionally, it should be analyzed in terms of moral philosophy and behavioral economics, including the psycho-social features of investors.

scholarly journals Pre-sale ordering strategy based on the new retail context considering bounded consumer rationality

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Chun-xiang Guo ◽  
Hong Zhou ◽  
Xin-yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reference Price ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Optimal Order ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Public Policymaker ◽  
Order Quantities ◽  
The Impact

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of bounded consumer rationality on the order quantity and profitability of the seller in the advance period and the spot period in the context of the combination of new retail and pre-sale. In this paper, we develop a seller order model in the context of the combination of new retail and pre-sale, with and without reference price dependence. Besides, the model considers the order cancellation and delayed purchase behavior of consumers. We then discuss the optimal profit and optimal order quantity under different conditions and the effect of different reference price dependence and value-added offline service on them. Our research shows that: First, the seller tends to set the deposit too low in pre-sales. Second, reference price dependence has different effects on order quantities in different periods. The seller should pay more attention to the impact of reference price dependence. Third, on the whole, consumer rationality benefits the seller. The seller, or the public policymaker, can benefit new retail businesses by increasing consumer rationality. Last, in the new retail context, an increase in offline service value-added, even if it increases total order quantity, is not always beneficial to the seller and may reduce profits. Therefore, the seller should weigh all factors to determine the optimal value-added offline services.</p>

scholarly journals Open Access Publishing Trends in the Forest Sciences

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Kevin O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Access Model

Open access models for academic publishing offer an alternative to traditional subscription-based journals. In the open access model, the author generally retains the copyright and the published articles are available free on the internet. Publication costs are either borne by the author as article processing charges, or are free for some journals published by societies or institutions. Traditional subscription-based journals are funded by subscription costs to libraries and individuals, the publisher retains the copyright, and these journals are generally not freely available to the public. This traditional model has created two problems: (1) many for-profit publishers control access in a form of oligopoly and impose high costs to subscribers; and (2) it limits access of scientific information to the public which disproportionately affects poorly funded research institutions and developing countries. Other subscription-based journals are published by scientific and professional societies but are not “for-profit”. In the forest sciences, several open access journals emerged in the last 10–15 years. These open access journals are published by for-profit publishing companies, research institutions, and professional societies. Some of these journals have been successful at attracting manuscript submissions, becoming indexed by various indexation services, and have seen metrics representing their importance increase over time. This paper documents these trends and assesses the viability of the open access model in the forest sciences and compares them to other types of journals.

scholarly journals Development of a knowledge translation platform for ataxia: Impact on readers and volunteer contributors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Suart ◽  
Katherine Graham ◽  
Theresa Nowlan Suart ◽  
Ray Truant
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Type Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Feedback Data ◽  
Short Answer Questions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundDissemination of accurate health research information to patients and families has become increasingly important with the rise of the internet as a means of finding health information. However, the public faces several barriers to accessing research information; including paywalls and technical jargon. One method to bridge this gap between patients, families, and research is using lay summaries. SCAsource is an online knowledge translation platform where peer-reviewed research papers on ataxia are translated into lay summaries. This online platform was launched in September 2018, with the goal of making ataxia research more accessible and understandable to patients and families. A secondary goal is to provide opportunities for ataxia researchers to develop and hone their knowledge translation skills, altogether improving the quality of patient communication in the ataxia community.AimThe aim of this study was to measure the impact of SCAsource on its readers and volunteer contributors after one year of activity. This is to ensure SCAsource is meeting its goals of (1) improving access and understanding of ataxia research to lay audiences, and (2) improving knowledge translation skills of volunteer contributors.MethodsTwo online surveys were launched, one for readers and one for volunteers. Each survey had a combination of multiple-choice, Likert-scale type, and open-ended short-answer questions. Descriptive quantitative analysis was used for respondent characteristics and Likert-type data. A grounded theory coding approach was used to analyze narrative feedback data.ResultsWe found that SCAsource has mutually beneficial outcomes for both lay person readers and volunteer contributors. Readers have an increased understanding of ataxia research and access to up-to-date information on recent publications. Volunteers develop knowledge translation skills and have increased confidence in communicating results to lay audiences. Areas of improvement were identified to be incorporated into the platform.ConclusionWe demonstrated that SCAsource improves access to information and understanding of research to lay audiences, while providing opportunities for researchers to develop knowledge translation skills. This framework can potentially be used by other rare disease organizations to launch and evaluate their own knowledge translation websites.

Does public sector crowd out entrepreneurship? Evidence from the EU regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Zikou ◽  
Nikos Varsakelis ◽  
Aikaterini K. Sarri
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The decision to engage in entrepreneurial activities is grounded in personal characteristics (motivation) and external environmental factors. One of the main external factors might be the structure of the regional economic activity. Does a high share of the public sector affect positively regional entrepreneurship or vice versa? Does the diversity in regional economic activity is conducive for entrepreneurial development or the regional comparative advantage as expressed by spatial economies of scale offering more entrepreneurial opportunities? Even though economic analysis has extensively examined the impact of the public sector size on the overall national economic activity (the crowding out effect), this impact has not been into scrutiny at regional level on microeconomic issues, such as the decision to engage in entrepreneurial activities. The authors further investigate the relation between diversity and entrepreneurship at regional level. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses data for 264 NUTS II EU regions. The time span of the data set is 1999-2008. The paper applies panel data analysis to explain the cross-time cross-section variation of the dependent variable: the self-employment share in total employment at regional level. In order to measure the existence of crowding out from public sector to regional entrepreneurship, the authors use the share of regional public sector gross value added over total regional gross value added. The diversity of the regional economic activity is measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Concentration Index across sectors. Findings The findings of the paper show that there is a negative correlation between public sector share and regional entrepreneurship. Hence, as at national level, the increase in the role of the public sector in the regional economic system crowds out regional entrepreneurship. The second finding indicates that the impact of the diversity of the regional economic activity on regional entrepreneurship is inconclusive. Originality/value The originality of this paper is due to the fact that the role of the public sector on regional economic phenomena, such as entrepreneurship, is examined for the first time. Also, the investigation of the relationship between diversity (vs localization economies) and entrepreneurship is performed using data for the full sample of regions of the European Union. The findings of the paper have significant policy implications since they provide useful inputs for the design of the regional development policy. The reduction of the public sector at regional level may contribute in entrepreneurial development and finally in regional economic growth and prosperity. Besides, the regional industrial policy should focus on the exploitation of the spatially constraint economies of scope in the framework of the Triple Helix model.

scholarly journals Changes in the VAT Burden on Expenses of Selected Households in the Czech Republic (2007–2014)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Regína Střílková ◽  
Jan Široký
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Household Expenditures ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Household Spending ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Czech Republic is a typical representative EU Member State which has several times changed VAT rates during the analyzed period 2007–2014 in an effort to consolidate the public budget. These changes are reflected in household spending, which were analyzed by means of the consumer basket, the composition of which is also undergoing changes. Another factor that has an impact on household expenditures is the transfer of commodities between the reduced and standard rate of VAT. The final factor used is the differentiation of households according to their income levels. The aim of this paper is to determine how these changes took effect in the Czech Republic in the share of consumption of commodities included in the standard and reduced VAT rates and in exempt transactions according to household income groups in the analyzed period 2007–2014 and to determine the impact of these changes on the tax burden on selected households by value added tax and confirmation of the assumption of VAT regressivity.

scholarly journals Impact of the funding structure on R&D in cases of European Union and Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 07004
Author(s):  
Gennady Alpatov ◽  
Kirill Gusarov ◽  
Elena Korostyshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Many contemporary empirical studies and theories of economic growth have revealed the dependence of innovative development of countries on the adequacy of funding for innovation. However, much of the empirical literature has discussed the issue of innovativeness without assessing the impact of the structure of funding sources on the success of the innovation process. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to prove the hypothesis of the inefficiency of innovative systems in which the proportion of public investment is high compared to private investment. In Russia, the share of public R&D funding is 67%, and the EU average is 33%. Methods: Based on the empirical research, we have compared the EU Horizon 2020 program with Russian VEB Ventures programs, conversion and digitalization programs of the Industrial Development Fund and found out how the structure of funding sources for these programs affects the success of their implementation. Findings & Value added: The results of our research show that a large share of public funding is not the cause, but the result of low private innovation activity and a lack of private investment. Significant reasons for their shortage were identified: the economic feasibility of purchasing ready-made solutions on the global market instead of funding research; cheap labour; adverse business climate. Thus, a high share of public financing of innovations in a country can serve as an indicator of the existence of serious reasons for restraining innovative development.

scholarly journals The impact of public procurement system on the development of competition in the economy in the light of empirical research

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Borowiec
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Procurement System ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The purpose of the public procurement system in the market economy should be to ensure that the public sector entities conduct purchases which are optimal from the economic point of view, as well as to prevent favoring or discrimination of entities participating in public tenders. The Public Procurement Act mentions fair competition as one of the fundamental principles. Both contractors and contracting entities are subject to this principle. In practice, however, it is very often violated in connection with a number of phenomena resulting from imperfections of the aforementioned system. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to identify the most important solutions to support the development of competition in the economy through the public procurement system, as well as to examine the obstacles and risks carried by the system itself. Another purpose is to present further action proposals based on research — actions affecting the development of competition and at the same time improving the efficiency of tenders. Methods: The article is based on the analysis of literature and on a questionnaire. The survey was conducted electronically (CAWI). The questionnaire was sent to 300 entities required to apply the provisions of the Public Procurement Law throughout the country. Another method involved a direct route (PAPI) and 155 entities participating in public tenders as contractors. Purposeful sampling was implemented to ensure reliable and expert replies. The study was carried out in the first half of 2016. Findings and Value added: The results indicate the most important solutions supporting the development of competition. They include the following: facilitating access to information about orders, improving the efficiency of state authorities in detecting collusive tendering, reducing the possibility of using the potential of third parties, and increasing the availability of data on tender results. The solutions presented in this article are evolutionary rather than revolutionary, and point primarily to the ability to streamline existing procedures and regulations and not to replace them with new ones. They should also help to improve the functioning of public procurement system in Poland, which is of great importance for the development of competition in domestic economy.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

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