Whole Oats Supplementation in a Low Calorie Diet Efficiently Reduces Cardio-Metabolic Disorders in Obese Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-440
Author(s):  
Mounia Besbes ◽  
Sabrine Louala ◽  
Fatima Chabane ◽  
Myriem Lamri Senhadji
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Nitric Oxide Level ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Oxidative Biomarkers ◽  
Reference Body

The hypocaloric diets (HCD) are an approach for controlling weight but can lead to a risk of nutritional deficiency. Whole grain contain bioactive com-pounds with health benefits; their incorporation into HCD can improve their nutritional value due to their richness in soluble fibers and their low glycae-mic index. The effects of incorporating oats in HCD were evaluated on growth parameters, lipid and glycaemic abnormalities, nitric oxide level and redox status in obese rats. Albinos rats were rendered obese after ingestion of a hyperlipidic (HL) diet and were then divided into three homogeneous groups: A first group was submitted for 28 days to a caloric restriction (CR) supplemented with oat (CR–Oat group). The second was fed a CR diet with-out supplementation (CR group) and the third obese group continued to con-sume the HL diet (Ob-HL). A fourth group (T) of normal weight rats is taken as a reference. Body weight, food and energy intake, glycaemia, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulinemia and blood lipids were decreased in obese rats treat-ed with HCD with or without oat compared with Ob-HL. However, glycaemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum lipids were more reduced in CR–oat group and its value became similar to that of normoponderal rats. Fur-thermore, oxidative biomarkers in red blood cells, liver and adipose tissue were lowered in groups treated with HC diets, especially in oat diet. Further-more, we noted improved enzymatic antioxidant defense and endothelial dysfunction. Oats, by their functional properties seems to effectively rein-force the anti-obesity effect of the hypocaloric diet.

scholarly journals Alterations in glutathione redox homeostasis among adolescents with obesity and anemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalal Alkazemi ◽  
Abdur Rahman ◽  
Banan Habra
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gpx Activity

AbstractThe reduced (GSH)-to-oxidized (GSSG) glutathione ratio represents a dynamic balance between oxidants and antioxidants. However, redox status in adolescents with obesity and anemia has not been investigated. This study investigated the association of erythrocyte GSH redox status (GSH, GSH:GSSG ratio, and glutathione peroxidase [GPx] activity) with anemia and adiposity in adolescents. This case–control study nested in a cross-sectional study enrolled 524 adolescents (268 boys; 256 girls). The prevalence of anemia in overweight and obesity (OWOB) was 5.2% in boys and 11.7% in girls. The GSH:GSSG ratio and GPx activity were significantly higher in girls than in boys (p < 0.001), in anemic than in non-anemic subjects (p < 0.001), and in OWOB than in normal-weight subjects (p < 0.001). Similarly, significantly higher GSH: GSSG level (p < 0.001) and GPx activity (p < 0.001) were found in subjects with 90th percentile waist circumference than in those with < 90th percentile. GPx and GSH:GSSG were positively associated with anemia after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (adjusted odds ratio, adjOR [95% confidence interval, CI] 2.18 [1.44–3.29]) or tertiles (adjOR [95% CI], T3 = 2.49 [1.03–6.01]). A similar association was noted for GSH and GPx. A compensatory increased redox defense mechanism exists in anemia and obesity among adolescents without metabolic disturbances.

Beneficial effect of maternal olive oil supplementation on lipid profile and redox status in offspring of obese rats

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Derouiche ◽  
F. Z. Baba-Ahmed ◽  
H. Merzouk ◽  
A. Saidi ◽  
S. Bouanane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Obese Rats

scholarly journals Rice Bran Oil Compared to Atorvastatin for Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Christine Shakib ◽  
Shreef Gabrial ◽  
Gamal Gabrial
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Atorvastatin Group ◽  
Calorie Diet

Objective: To compare the effect of rice bran oil versus statins (atorvastatin drug) on blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and serum lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. The safety of the tested rice bran oil and atorvastatin were investigated. Fatty acids contents of RBO, olive and sesame oil were also assessed.Materials and Methods: Forty four eligible patients with type 2 diabetes and moderately hyperlipidemic were randomly and equally allocated into two groups, rice bran oil (RBO) group and atorvastatin group. The RBO group received a low-calorie diet and consumed 30 g / day RBO oil as salad dressing and for use as main cooking oil for 6 months. The Atorvastatin group received a low-calorie diet and 40 mg/day of atorvastatin drug for 6 months. At baseline and after 6 months of study intervention, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipid profiles; hepatic, renal and inflammatory biomarkers were estimated.Results: Results showed significant increase in fasting and postprandial blood glucose, HbA1C and liver transaminases (alanine transaminase ALT and aspartate transaminase AST) in the atorvastatin group while a significant reduction was shown in RBO group. Moreover, significant reductions in lipid profile levels, blood urea, serum uric acid and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were observed in both RBO and atorvastatin groups after 6 months of the study intervention.Conclusion: The use of rice bran oil together with dietary modifications may have implications in lowering fasting and postprandial blood glucose, suppressing serum lipid levels, reduce the TC/HDL-C ratio and therefore reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, RBO exerts a hypouricemic action and anti-inflammatory effects. The findings obtained from the current study reinforce the use of RBO as an alternative natural potent hypolipidemic agent safer than atorvastatin drug that may induce side effects in some cases in patients intolerant to statins.

scholarly journals Response of maize (Zea mays L.) ikenne variety to application of household urban solid wastes compost

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
KKA Alate ◽  
G Mawussi ◽  
KD Ayisah ◽  
K Sanda
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Price ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Yield Parameters

Soils fertility declining limits agricultural production in Togo where maize (Zea mays L.) is most cereal cropping and base staple food. Currently, mineral fertilizers are beyond the reach of farmers due to high price and limited availability. This study assessed the response of household urban wastes compost to the growth and yield of maize Ikenne variety. Experiments were performed in rainy season of years 2018 and 2019 at Teaching Research and Demonstration Farm of Agronomy School in University of Lome, Togo. Agronomic trials were set at randomized in complete block design with three replications, where control plots, compost plots at different doses and mineral fertilizers plots constituted the treatments. The growth parameters, including plant height, stem girth, leaf area and number of leaves per plant, were measured at the milky maize stage. The yield parameters, including length and girth of cob, thousand grains weight, grain yield and straw yield, were collected at harvesting. Data were statistically analyzed. The results showed three distinct homogeneous groups of treatments both for growth and yield parameters. Plots treated with compost at 30 t ha-1 and 40 t ha-1 constitute the best group, which differs significantly from the second group formed by plots treated with compost at 10 t ha-1 and 20 t ha-1 and mineral fertilizer plots. Control treatments constitute the last group. Growth and yield parameters values increase with compost dose. Far from being used alone in place of mineral conventional fertilizer, integrated fertilization based on combination of mineral fertilizer and compost of household urban wastes will investigated in maize cropping in southern Togo for optimal compost dose to recommend. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 97-101, June 2020

scholarly journals Diet-Induced Obesity Is Associated with an Impaired NK Cell Function and an Increased Colon Cancer Incidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Bähr ◽  
Vincent Goritz ◽  
Henriette Doberstein ◽  
Grit Gesine Ruth Hiller ◽  
Philip Rosenstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Colon Cancer Risk ◽  
Nk Cell Receptors ◽  
Obese Rats

Obesity is associated with an increased colon cancer incidence, but underlying mechanisms remained unclear. Previous studies showed altered Natural killer (NK) cell functions in obese individuals. Therefore, we studied the impact of an impaired NK cell functionality on the increased colon cancer risk in obesity. In vitro investigations demonstrated a decreased IFN-γsecretion and cytotoxicity of human NK cells against colon tumor cells after NK cell preincubation with the adipokine leptin. In addition, leptin incubation decreased the expression of activating NK cell receptors. In animal studies, colon cancer growth was induced by injection of azoxymethane (AOM) in normal weight and diet-induced obese rats. Body weight and visceral fat mass were increased in obese animals compared to normal weight rats. AOM-treated obese rats showed an increased quantity, size, and weight of colon tumors compared to the normal weight tumor group. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated a decreased number of NK cells in spleen and liver in obesity. Additionally, the expression levels of activating NK cell receptors were lower in spleen and liver of obese rats. The results show for the first time that the decreased number and impaired NK cell function may be one cause for the higher colon cancer risk in obesity.

EFFECTS OF OBESITY, TOTAL FASTING AND RE-ALIMENTATION ON l-THYROXINE (T4), 3,5,3'-l-TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3), 3,3',5'-l-TRIIODOTHYRONINE (rT3), THYROXINE BINDING GLOBULIN (TBG), CORTISOL, THYROTROPHIN, CORTISOL BINDING GLOBULIN (CBG), TRANSFERRIN, α2-HAPTOGLOBIN AND COMPLEMENT C'3 IN SERUM

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Scriba ◽  
Manfred Bauer ◽  
Dieter Emmert ◽  
Ahmed Fateh-Moghadam ◽  
Gert G. Hofmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Trh Stimulation ◽  
Calorie Diet

ABSTRACT The effects of total fasting for 31 ± 10 days followed by re-alimentation with an 800 calorie diet on thyroid function, i.e. T4,T3, rT3, RT3U (resin T3 uptake), and TSH, and on TBG levels in serum were studied sequentially in obese hospitalized patients (N = 18). Additionally, cortisol, growth hormone, prolactin, parathyrin and free fatty acids were followed as hormonal and metabolic parameters, respectively. Further, CBG, transferrin, α2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 were measured as representatives of other serum proteins. Results before fasting: T4, T3,3, TBG, cortisol, CBG, α2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 of the obese patients were elevated when compared with healthy normal weight controls, whereas rT3, T4/TBG ratio, T3/TBG ratio, TSH, cortisol/CBG ratio, growth hormone, prolactin, parathyrin and transferrin of the obese group were normal. RT3U and fT4 index were decreased in the obese patients. Results during fasting: Significant decreases were observed during fasting for the following parameters – T3, TBG, T3/TBG ratio, transferrin, α2-haptoglobin, complement C'3. rT3, T4/TBG ratio, RT3U, fT4 index and FFA increased. T4, TSH response to TRH stimulation, cortisol, CBG, cortisol/CBG ratio, parathyrin, growth hormone and prolactin did not change. Results during re-alimentation: T3, TBG, T3/TBG ratio, TSH response to TRH, transferrin, α2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 increased. Conversely, rT3, RT3U, FFA, cortisol and cortisol/CBG ratio decreased, whereas the other parameters did not change. Conclusions: 1) There is no evidence for primary hypothyroidism in obese patients during prolonged fasting and re-alimentation. 2) The rapid decrease of T3 and increase of RT3U after initiation of fasting are not fully explained by the observed slower decreases in TBG. 3) The alterations of T3, rT3 and RT3U resemble in their kinetics the changes in FFA levels. 4) Fasting reduced the levels of only certain serum proteins, interestingly TBG, transferrin, α2-haptoglobin and complement C'3, all of which, except transferrin, are elevated in obesity. 5) The magnitude of the observed decreases does not suggest any clinically relevant deficiencies in serum proteins. 6) Re-alimentation reverses rapidly all observed changes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document