First Report on Post-harvest management of black mold of onion by eugenol

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-767
Author(s):  
Shalini Devi Suvala ◽  
P. Rajini
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
New Method ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Black Mold ◽  
Conical Flask

Black mold of onion caused by Aspergillus niger is a serious and prevalent postharvest disease of onion. This problem drastically reduces the quality and marketability of onion bulbs. Conventional fungicides employed to con-trol A. niger contamination posed negative impact on human health and en-vironment and highlighted the need to discover ecofriendly management practices. In the present study we attempted to explore the use of eugenol for the management of black mold of onion. Eugenol may exhibit differ-ences in antifungal activity in liquid state and in volatile phase. Hence, we developed and validated a new method, conical flask- paper cone method to study the antifungal activity of vapour phase disinfectants. This method was found to be precise, reproducible, sensitive and accurate with inter-assay R.S.D < 10%, intra-assay R.S.D <5% and R2>0.99. Conical flask- paper cone method was further utilized to determine the minimum inhibitory concen-tration of eugenol against A. niger. We observed that 0.03355 μl / cm3 eu-genol caused invitro and invivo inhibition of A. niger. Onion bulbs that were stored by eugenol fumigation, prior inoculated by A. niger, did not develop black mold symptoms and maintained high sensory acceptability. Microscop-ic observations revealed that eugenol fumigation resulted in inhibition of spore germination, coagulation of cytoplasm, formation of large vesicles and shrinkage of A. niger mycelium. In conclusion, our study showed for the first time that eugenol fumigation significantly controlled black mold incidence during storage and maintained post harvest quality and sensory acceptance. This study also introduced a new method for evaluating antifungal activity of volatile compounds.

scholarly journals Incidence and Etiology of Postharvest Fungal Diseases Associated with Bulb Rot in Garlic (Alllium sativum) in Spain

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Laura Gálvez ◽  
Daniel Palmero
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Fusarium Dry Rot ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Bulb Rot

In recent years, different postharvest alterations have been detected in garlic. In many cases, the symptoms are not well defined, or the etiology is unknown, which further complicates the selection of bulbs during postharvest handling. To characterize the different symptoms of bulb rot caused by fungi, garlic bulb samples were collected from six Spanish provinces in two consecutive years. Eight different fungal species were identified. The most prevalent postharvest disease was Fusarium dry rot (56.1%), which was associated with six Fusarium species. Fusarium proliferatum was detected in more than 85% of symptomatic cloves, followed by F. oxysporum and F. solani. Pathogenicity tests did not show a significant correlation between virulence and mycotoxin production (fumonisins, beauvericin, and moniliformin) or the mycelial growth rate. Penicillium allii was detected in 12.2% of the samples; it was greatly influenced by the harvest season and garlic cultivar, and three different morphotypes were identified. Stemphylium vesicarium and Embellisia allii were pathogenic to wounded cloves. Some of the isolated fungal species produce highly toxic mycotoxins, which may have a negative impact on human health. This work is the first to determine the quantitative importance, pathogenicity, and virulence of the causative agents of postharvest garlic rot in Spain.

A modern perspective on Meinecke’s 1929 assessment of tourist impacts on redwoods

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913332110299
Author(s):  
Ross H Martin ◽  
Joshua B Hodge ◽  
Clayton J Whitesides
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Modern Perspective ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

E.P. Meinecke, a noted plant pathologist and staunch supporter of conservation, authored an influential article about the impacts of tourism on redwood trees. In the Effect of Excessive Tourist Travel on the California Redwood Parks, published in 1929, Meinecke found that soil compaction by tourists had a negative impact on tree roots and his recommendations for amelioration were both logical and laced with philosophical ideals. We revisit that report with a modern perspective by reviewing his findings and suggestions, and by comparing his ideas with modern research and tourism management practices. One of Meinecke’s greatest concerns was the advent of the automobile and its ability to bring more people to redwood groves. We take that concern to the next logical step and discuss potential impacts of climate change on redwood trees.

scholarly journals Effect of Forest Management Operations on Aggregate-Associated SOC Dynamics Using a 137Cs Tracing Method

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Geng Guo ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
Yanyin Xu ◽  
Qiao Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Mountain Areas

Although forest conversions have long been a focus in carbon (C) research, the relationship between soil erosion and the dynamic change of soil organic carbon (SOC) has not been well-quantified. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of converting CBF (coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests) to economic forests, including CF (chestnut forest), HF (hawthorn forest), and AF (apple forest), on the soil structure and nutrient loss in the Huaibei Rocky Mountain Areas, China. A 137Cs tracer method was used to provide soil erosion data in order to quantify the loss of aggregate-associated SOC. The results showed that forest management operations caused macro-aggregates to decrease by 1.69% in CF, 4.52% in AF, and 3.87% in HF. Therefore, the stability of aggregates was reduced. The SOC contents in each aggregate size decreased significantly after forest conversion, with the largest decreases occurring in AF. We quantified the loss of 0.15, 0.38, and 0.31 Mg hm−2 of aggregate-associated SOC after conversion from CBF to CF, AF, and HF, respectively. These results suggest that forest management operations have a negative impact on soil quality and fertility. CF has better vegetation coverage and less human interference, making it more prominent among the three economic forests species. Therefore, when developing forest management operations, judicious selection of tree varieties and appropriate management practices are extremely critical. In addition, measures should be taken to increase surface cover to reduce soil erosion and achieve sustainable development of economic forests.

scholarly journals Effect of Harvest Date on Mango (Mangifera Indica L. Cultivar Osteen) Fruit’s Qualitative Development, Shelf Life and Consumer Acceptance

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Gianguzzi ◽  
Vittorio Farina ◽  
Paolo Inglese ◽  
Maria Gloria Lobo Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Constant Quality ◽  
Definition Of

The qualitative characteristics of mango fruits change throughout their development process and are also influenced by their duration. Harvesting at different times after the fruit set affects external and internal quality and the post-harvest behavior and management possibilities of the fruits. The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of the most important physicochemical and organoleptic parameters of cv. Osteen fruits concern the length of their stay on the plant and also to their post-harvest management. For this reason, fruits were harvested progressively in ten pickings. The study showed that mango fruits that are kept on the tree reach the best quality traits, corresponding to their physiological maturation. The length of the storage period needed to reach the consumption point varies greatly according to the harvesting moment and to the different environmental parameters, which also affect the organoleptic and physicochemical quality of the fruits. The number of days after full flowering were confirmed to be the primary information to consider when planning harvest with commercial use of the fruit, but interesting indications can be acquired through the definition of non-destructive (hardness, color) or destructive (dry matter) parameters. The data collected help improve mango fruit′s post-harvest management practices, to provide a product with constant quality and homogeneity to the consumer.

scholarly journals Implications of Climate Change on Soil Functions: A Case for Achieving Local Coconut Sufficiency from Sustainable Agricultural Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu Egbunike ◽  
Nonso Okoye ◽  
Okoroji-Nma Okechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Climate change is a major threat to agricultural food production globally and locally. It poses both direct and indirect effects on soil functions. Thus, agricultural management practices has evolved to adaptation strategies in order to mitigate the risks and threats from climate change. The study concludes with a recommendation the coconut farmers should explore the idea of soil biodiversity in a bid to mitigate the potential negative impact of climate related risk on the farming. The study proffers the need for adopting sustainable agricultural practices to boost local coconut production. This can contribute to the simultaneous realisation of two of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations: SDG 2 on food security and sustainable agriculture and SDG 13 on action to combat climate change and its impacts. The study findings has implications for tackling climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa and in particular Nigeria in order to boost local agricultural production and coconut in particular without negative environmental consequences and an ability to cope with climate change related risks.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Flusilazole on the Spore Formation of Aspergillus niger Causing the Onion Black Mold in Vapour Phase

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Heung-Tae Kim ◽  
Se-Won Park ◽  
Gyung-Ja Choi ◽  
Jin-Cheol Kim ◽  
Kwang-Yun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Spore Formation ◽  
Black Mold

scholarly journals Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Managing Construction Claims: Now and Beyond – A Review (Jordan Perspective)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099-1115
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Construction Claims ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Life Cycle Phase

As the intricacy of construction projects is amassed, prospects for tribulations are mounting, depicting negative impact on projects’ cost, time and excellence. Thus, eliciting claims that aredisruptive to projects, time consuming and exorbitant. BIM holds enormousprobable in prosperous claim management practices. The progression of BIM can enrich knowledge sharing for information of a building or facility. It forms a vitalbase for decision making throughout the life cycle phase from the conceptual design to demolition. BIM is also, a valuable multidisciplinary cohesive source of information technology that posts benefits and disputes in the construction industry. The main aspiration of this paper is to appraise how and to what magnitude BIM can help evading and plummeting claims in Jordan construction industry.The paper ran a literature review on recent research, industry reports, and other sources to seehow they identified claims, its classifications, benefits, impacts and challenges of BIM on construction projects.Also, the paper acknowledgedcontemporaneous challenges in the claims field and the construction industry as whole. The attained outcomes have shown that BIM overtakes traditional claim management practices in many aspects including recognizing and investigating claims, where the benefits are comprehended in time and cost savings, less change orders, less rework. Moreover, the information and knowledge management that BIM postulates can improve many aspects of claim management.

scholarly journals Effect of post-harvest forestry residue management practices on the diversity of epigeal coleopterans

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 8069-8075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Ramírez Aliaga ◽  
Amanda Huerta Fuentes ◽  
Jaime Eduardo Araya Clericus
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Harvest Residue

The aim of this work was to study the effect of post-harvest forestry residue management practices on the epigeal coleopterans diversity and abundance in a 1-yr old Pinus radiata plantation. Approximately 25-yr old P. radiata plantation was available, which was harvested by clear-cutting at the beginning of 2010 in Constitución, central Chile. Three post harvest residue management treatments were installed in a fully randomized design in blocks: 1) a control, where residues were intact left; 2) residue removed (> 2.5 cm diameter); and 3) burned. The coleopterans were sampled in spring and summer, using linear transects with pitfall traps. The abundance and richness, and diversity index of coleopterans were determined. A total of 23 species of 13 families were obtained. Both in the springand summer, the treatment with residues left registered significantly greater abundance and species richness. In the residue management, the practices of intact leaving residue should be considered as the least impacting on diversity and abundance of epigeal coleopterans and is recommended for creating refugee areas to promote diversity of beetles in this area of study.

Issues of Climate Change, Impact, and Adaptation Strategies in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 591-603
Author(s):  
Nwakor Flora Ngozi ◽  
Amadi C. Okey ◽  
Okwusi Moses Chukwunwike ◽  
Adiele Ezekiel Chinyere
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is a global problem affecting agricultural production, a good adaptation strategy for this phenomena should be sought for increase agricultural production. The study was conducted in Nigeria to assess the Impact of Climate Change on root and tuber crops production among farmers in Nigeria. Secondary data were used for the study, they were collected from NRCRI Umudike and other individual publications. The result shows that climate change had negative impact on root and tubers crops production including potato. Adaptation of Agriculture to climate change in the areas of crop and animal production, post harvest activities and capacity building, divers friction of livelihood sources through the use of different farming methods and improved agricultural practices will help to reduce the impact of climate change. Examples are establishment of forestry, generation of improved and disease resistance crop varieties addition of value into agricultural products and post harvest activities for climate change adaptation and sustainable development.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Makroarthropoda Tanah di Lahan Persawahan Padi Organik dan Anorganik, Desa Bakalrejo Kecamatan Susukan Kabupaten Semarang

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Roma Witriyanto ◽  
Mochamad Hadi ◽  
Rully Rahadian
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Residual Hazard ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Inorganic paddies system has a negative impact as pests become resistant, environmental pollution and residual hazard. People who are aware of the impact of the application of synthetic chemicals have been applying organic farming. This research aimed to compare the abundance, diversity and dominance of soil macroarthropods  in the organic and inorganic paddies field in Village Bakalrejo, Susukan District of Kabupaten Semarang. Sampling of soil macroarthropods method used pit fall traps . Fifteen pit fall traps were set up in the research area and they were divided into three line whith respective line are 5 pit fall traps. Soil macroarthropods  which has been found were identified up to family taxon. The results of the research shows abundance of soil macroarthropods organic rice in paddy fields higher (297) than in inorganic paddy fields (236). Diversity of soil macroarthropods in every phase of rice growth (vegetative, reproductive, ripening and post-harvest) was higher in organic paddy fields (1,479; 1,644; 1,561; 1,019) than inorganic paddy fields (1.391; 0.595; 1.286; 1.002). Based on the relative abundance index, soil macroarthropods family dominated organic paddy fields in every phase of rice growth (vegetative, reproductive, ripening, and post-harvest) was lower (Gryllidae: 39.4%; Carabidae: 46.7%; Formicidae: 44.1 %; Formicidae: 48.8%) than in the inorganic paddy fields (Carabidae: 35.5%; Carabidae: 57.4%; Formicidae: 56.3%; Formicidae: 77.6%). Key words :  biodiversity, soil macroarthropods, organic farming.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document