Determination of impact of Azadirachta indica L. leaves on adults and eggs of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, the largest predator of stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp) by an applicable method by farmers

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Ablaye Faye ◽  
Malick Sarr ◽  
Abdoulaye Samb ◽  
Cheikh Thiaw ◽  
Mbacké Sembène
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Higher Doses

  The effect of neem leaves has been tested in the laboratory on eggs and adults of cowpea weevil (C. maculatus). Different formulations of this plant were applied to these forms of C. maculatus Fab. Grinding fresh contact sheets induced significant lethal effects from 96.12% to 100% on eggs; whereas 100% of mortality was recorded at the end of eight days of applica-tion to three adults with higher doses. Fumigation on turn proved less effec-tive than contact on eggs. It induced a maximal effect of 95.73% mortality with the larger dose (D4: 0.02912g/cm3). On adults, we recorded highest mortality (100%) from the 7th day of the show with the highest dose. The aqueous extract of neem leaf powder was less effective than all other formu-lations on the eggs as well as adults of this insect; with a higher mortality rate (74.99%) observed on the eggs with the application of the concentration C2. On adults we recorded a maximum effect (100% mortality) from the 13th day of the application with the highest concentration (C1). These mortalities would be related to the support of several active molecules contained in neem as established in literature.

scholarly journals Effect of Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) leaf extract on cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus [Fabricius, 1775], Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Samuel Femi BABATUNDE ◽  
Abdulrasak Kannike MUSA
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
Blue Gum

<div class="WordSection1"><p>A laboratory study was carried out to examine the efficacy of solvent extract of <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> leaves in reducing post-harvest losses caused by cowpea weevil<em> </em>(<em>Callosobruchus maculatus</em>) on cowpea seed variety RSH 256. 450 g of <em>E. globulus </em>leaf powder were put in 1000 ml flask and 450 ml of n-hexane was used as the solvent. The extract was tested at dosages of 50, 100 and 150 µl 50 g<sup>-1</sup> of cowpea grains on the weevil in stored cowpea. The different rates of treatment recorded significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in causing adult mortality compared to the untreated control. The different rates of treatment also recorded significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in emergence of F1 adults of each treatment compared to the control. The percentage masst loss and grain damage were also suppressed as a result of treatment with the plant material compared to the untreated control. However, among the treatments 150 µl 150 g<sup>-1</sup> cowpea recorded the highest adult mortality rate and lowest emergence while control had the lowest mortality rate and the highest emergence of the insect. The rates of application were indicative of bioactive characteristics of the plant extract.<strong></strong></p></div>

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

Efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaves powder on oviposition, hatchability of eggs and emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab)on treated cowpea seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
L. A. Afolabi ◽  
A. T. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Ondo State

The efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaf powder against Callosobruchusmaculatus (F) on cowpea treated seeds was evaluated under ambientcondition (32±0.64°C and 68±3% R.H.) at the laboratory of AgriculturalTechnology of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. C. maculatus was obtainedfrom Oja‐Oba market, Owo, Ondo State of Nigeria. The insects were rearedand bred in the laboratory. The cowpea seeds used for the bioassay werekept in the freezer for 15 days to eliminate infestation from the field. Theleaf powder was obtained after milling and four dosages of the powder (0.5,1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g) were separately admixed with 20g of cowpea in separatepetri dishes. Ten pairs of C. maculatus were introduced into each petri‐dish.Number of adult mortality, egg laid, percentage egg hatching, adultemergence and weight loss from each treatment were compared withcontrol treatment. It is concluded that the Senna occidentalis contains toxicproperties valuable for the control of C. maculatus.

scholarly journals Determination of factor Xa inhibition doses of low-molecular heparin, nadroparin and reviparin in urological patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 538-542
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pavlovic ◽  
Sladjana Zivkovic ◽  
Goran Koracevic
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xa ◽  
Surgical Operation ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Nadroparin Calcium ◽  
The People ◽  
Factor Xa Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Higher Doses

Background/Aim. The inhibition of factor Xa (FX) by the use of low-molecular heparin (LMH) is important clinical procedure in patients with moderate and high risk for the developament of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The aim of this study was to determine the level of inhibition of FXa by the use of prophylactic doses of LMH nadroparin-calcium and reviparine-sodium which were applied in urological patients with moderate risk for VTE and PE. Methods. The examination included 80 urological patients divided into 4 groups after urological, uroradiological and anesthesiological preoperative preparation and categorization of anesthesiological risk according to the ASA III classification. The first two groups, of 20 patients each, received the recommended doses of LMH in accordance with the preoperative risk, and an inhibition of FXa 48 hours after the surgical operation and four hours after the administration of LMH was determined. Heptest and homogenous anti-Xa test were used for monitoring of FXa inhibition. Since the obtained anti-Xa values were not satisfactory, two more groups were formed and given double the recommended doses. In these new groups, inhibition of FXa was in recommended range. Standard descriptive statistical parameters were used for describing the charateristics of the people from the formed groups. Results. All the patients examined were clinically estimated as patients of moderate risk, for VTE and PE. There were no statistically singificant difference in body weight of the patients who received nadroparin-calcium 0.3 ml and reviparine-sodium 0.25 ml and those who received their double doses, respectively. The level of FXa inhibition in the group in which the dose of nadroparin-calcium of 0.6 ml was applied was statistically significantly higher than in the group which received the dose of 0.3 ml (Mann-Whitney U test: Z = 5.416; p < 0.0001). The level of FXa in the group given reviparine-sodium 0.5 ml was significantly higher than in the group which received the half of this dose (Mann-Whitney U test: Z = 5.416; p < 0.0001). This research did not confirm a statistically significant difference in the levels of FXa inhibition in patients who received nadroparincalcium as VTE and PE prophilaxis in the dose of 0.6 ml and those who received reviparin-sodium 0.5 ml (in two doses of 0.25 ml) (Mann-Whitney U test: Z = 0.163; p > 0.05). Conclusion. According to biochemical monitoring, the recommended doses of LMH are insufficient for the prophylactic inhibition of FXa in urological pateints with moderate risk for VTE and PE, so the higher doses which inhibit FXa are recommended. .

scholarly journals Mutations in the WRN Gene in Mice Accelerate Mortality in a p53-Null Background

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 3286-3291 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Lombard ◽  
Caroline Beard ◽  
Brad Johnson ◽  
Robert A. Marciniak ◽  
Jessie Dausman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Dna Helicase ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Helicase Domain ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Accelerated Senescence

ABSTRACT Werner's syndrome (WS) is a human disease with manifestations resembling premature aging. The gene defective in WS, WRN, encodes a DNA helicase. Here, we describe the generation of mice bearing a mutation that eliminates expression of the C terminus of the helicase domain of the WRN protein. Mutant mice are born at the expected Mendelian frequency and do not show any overt histological signs of accelerated senescence. These mice are capable of living beyond 2 years of age. Cells from these animals do not show elevated susceptibility to the genotoxins camptothecin or 4-NQO. However, mutant fibroblasts senesce approximately one passage earlier than controls. Importantly,WRN−/− ;p53−/− mice show an increased mortality rate relative toWRN+/− ;p53−/− animals. We consider possible models for the synergy betweenp53 and WRN mutations for the determination of life span.

Use of Microwave Heating Technology for Disinfestation of Stored Green Gram (Vigna radiata) against Cowpea Bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kooner ◽  
D.K. Sharma ◽  
K.S. Suri
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Cowpea Bruchid ◽  
Heating Technology

Background: Pulses are an integral component of food in India which acts as major source of protein required for growth and maintenance of body. But during their storage they suffer heavy losses resulting in depletion of their quality and edibility. The present studies focused on disinfestation of green gram grains using microwaves as an alternative approach to chemical methods for controlling insects in grains and pulses. Methods: In this laboratory studies during 2017-18, the grains of green gram were infested with different life stages of the cowpea weevil and exposed to 200, 400, 600 and 800 W microwave power levels, each at an exposure period of 10, 20, 30 and 40 s. Result: Eggs were the most susceptible, while pupal and adults were the least susceptible life stages to microwave treatments. Complete mortality of eggs was achieved with microwave treatments (400, 600 and 800 W), each at an exposure period of 30 and 40 s. Complete inhibition of larval stage was attained with 400 and 600 W (30 and 40 s) and 800 W (20, 30 and 40 s exposure) while for pupal stage it was observed at the higher wattages of 600 (40 s exposure) and 800 (30 and 40 s exposure). Microwave wattage of 600 W for 40 sand 800 W for 30 and 40 s exposure caused 100% mortality of 2d old adults of cowpea bruchid.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document