Are there differences between partial and total periodontal examination of the mouth?

Background: Diagnosis of periodontal disease for epidemiologic survey is difficult due to complexity of periodontal exam. The aim of this study was to compare data from a full-mouth examination and a partial-mouth examination, observing the agreement between both methods of presenting the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Methods and Findings: The population comprised of male and female subjects, aged 18 years and over, attending public health centers in the city of Recife, Brazil. A total of 505 patients participated in this study. Each participant completed a form and underwent periodontal examination. Firstly, for each tooth present one of the periodontal conditions was determined: periodontal health, gingival bleeding, dental calculus, shallow periodontal pockets and deep periodontal pockets, according to CPI. Finally, partial data (10 index teeth) was recorded derived from the total version of CPI. Bivariate analysis of frequencies and means was performed. Mc Nemar test was used to calculate the level of statistical significance of the association tested. There are significant statistical differences between partial and full-mouth examination (p<0.001). According to gender, men classified as score 1 presented the same prevalence in both methods; partial recording overestimated 0.2% of women classified as score 1; percentile difference among men was higher for subjects classified as score 0. Among subjects with at least one tooth with deep periodontal pocket, percentile difference between different approaches was higher among elders (60 years and over). Conclusions: Considering the variable age, the smaller amount of lost information refers to periodontal pockets in individuals aged 18 to 30 years of age. In older individuals classified as periodontally healthy and with gingival bleeding no loss of information was observed. Partial examination of the mouth underestimated the presence of periodontal pockets and overestimated the presence of calculus and bleeding. A high concordance between the partial and total examination was observed.

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Status periodontal pelajar umur 12 – 14 tahun di SMP Negeri 2 Ranoyapo Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.4.2.2016.13767 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Grace M. M. Sompie ◽

Christy N. Mintjelungan ◽

Juliatri .

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Gingival Bleeding ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Community Periodontal Index ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: The growth and developmemental process of adolescence to the adult stage is marked by the presence of physiological and hormonal changes as well as mental and mindset maturity. Adolescents should aware of the needs of dental and oral hygiene in order to prevent the occurence of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to obtain the periodontal status of students aged 12-14 years at SMP Negeri 2 Ranoyapo South Minahasa. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. There were 64 students obtained by using total sampling method. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) was evaluated on them. The results showed that of 64 students aged 12-14 years, 8 had (12.5%) healthy periodontal tissue (Score 0); 3 (4.6%) had gingival bleeding without calculus (score 1); 44 (68.7%) had gingival bleeding associated calculus (Score 2); 9 (14.0%) had periodontal pockets sized 3.5-5.5 mm; and no one had periodontal pocket sized >5.5 mm. Conclusion: Based on CPITN evaluation, most of the students at SMP Negeri 2 Ranoyapo South Minahasa showed gingival bleeding associated with calculus.Keywords: periodontal status, youth, CPITNAbstrak: Proses tumbuh kembang dari masa remaja sampai ke tahap dewasa ditandai dengan adanya perubahan fisiologis dan hormonal serta kematangan mental dan pola pikir. Anak remaja seharusnya memiliki kesadaran terhadap kebutuhan kebersihan gigi dan mulut guna untuk mencengah terjadinya penyakit periodontal, karena itu jika anak remaja kurang kesadaran terhadap kebersihan gigi dan mulut akan memiliki resiko terhadap penyakit periodontal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status periodontal pelajar umur 12-14 tahun di SMP Negeri 2 Ranoyapo Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Ranoyapo Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 64 orang yang diperoleh dengan metode total sampling. Community Periodontal Index Treatment Needs (CPITN) dievaluasi pada setiap subyek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 64 subyek penelitian, skor CPITN tertinggi sebanyak 43 orang (67,2%) yang mengalami perdarahan gingiva disertai kalkulus dan skor CPITN terendah yaitu 4 orang (6,2%) yang mengalami perdarahan gingiva tidak disertai kalkulus. Simpulan: Penilaian status periodontal dengan CPITN mendapatkan sebagian besar pelajar mengalami perdarahan gingival disertai kalkulus.Kata kunci: status periodontal, remaja, CPITN

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Factors Associated with Severe Periodontitis in Rural Cambodia

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/101053950401600109 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 50-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. Amarasena ◽

N. Ikeda ◽

K.K.S. Win ◽

Y. Yamaguchi ◽

T. Takehara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Severe Periodontitis ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Community Periodontal Index ◽

The Impact

An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 812 subjects aged 35-74 years in Prek Russey commune, Cambodia to detect some factors associated with severe periodontitis. Four calibrated examiners employed Community Periodontal Index (CPI) to ascertain periodontal pocket depth (PD) and loss of epithelial attachment (LA). A questionnaire was used to obtain tobacco and alcohol consumption habits. One hundred (12.3%) subjects had one or more sextants with ≥ 4mm PD and ≥ 6mm LA (severe periodontitis). Smoking, tobacco chewing and age were significantly associated with severe periodontitis in bivariate analysis while only age and quantified smoking remained significant in a logistic regression analysis. The impact of quantified smoking on severe periodontitis was almost negligible [OR: 1.0006 (95% CI: 1.0001, 1.001)] compared to that of age [OR ranged from 8.3 at 45-54 years to 22 at 65-74 years (95% CI: 3.1, 62.3)]. Nevertheless, both age and quantified smoking can be considered as factors associated with severe periodontitis in rural Cambodians. Asia Pac J Public Health 2004; 16(1): 50-53.

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Periodontal clinical features of bronchial asthma patient using inhalation drugs

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol33no3.29739 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Maria Efrinta Ginting ◽

Rosiliwati Wihardja ◽

Dyah Nindita Carolina

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Asthmatic Patients ◽

Gingival Bleeding ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Asthma Patients ◽

One Year

Introduction: Bronchial asthma patients use inhalation drugs as therapy to achieve a controlled asthma state. Inhaled corticosteroids and β2 agonists are the medication that is being used in this case. Prolonged use of inhalation drugs will affect the health of periodontal tissue. The effect of these drugs can reduce the periodontal defense mechanism and increase the risk of periodontal disease. This study aims to determine the periodontal clinical features of bronchial asthma patients using inhalation drugs. Method: This research was a descriptive study. The sample of the study were 22 females and 8 males bronchial asthma patients at the Community Lung Health Center of Bandung (Balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat Bandung/BBKPM Bandung) who had been using inhalation drugs for at least one year. The periodontal clinical feature was assessed by employing a Community Periodontal Index (CPI) modified with probing the gingival sulcus to assess the presence of gingival bleeding, periodontal pocket, and loss of clinical attachment where then a periodontal status was obtained. The periodontal status data were then processed using the periodontitis case definitions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) to determine periodontal disease in asthmatics patients. Results: Clinical features of gingival bleeding were found in 26 asthmatic patients (86.7%), periodontal pockets in 18 asthmatic patients (60%), and loss of clinical attachment in 27 asthmatic patients (90%). Based on the CDC/AAP case definition, 23 asthmatic patients (76.7%) had periodontitis. Bronchial asthma patients who used inhalation drugs had a risk of periodontitis.Conclusion: Bronchial asthma patients who used inhalation drugs for at least one year had gingival bleeding and loss of clinical attachment and periodontal pocket.

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The validity of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) in epidemiological studies of periodontal diseases

International Dental Research ◽

10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no2.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

Abdulsamet Tanık ◽

Mehmet Gül

Keyword(s):

Roc Curve ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Community Periodontal Index ◽

Index Sensitivity

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of partial CPITN (PCPITN) and full-mouth CPITN (FCPITN) indexes from CPITN index versions used in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. Method: The study included 1,000 patients over the age of 20. The clinical attachment loss examination and clinically assisted full-mouth periodontal examination (gold standard) including the depth of the periodontal pocket on probing and dental stones were performed. PCPITN and FCPITN index versions were compared with the gold standard oral examination. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic estimation tables were statistically created from the obtained data. Results: For Gingivitis, the sensitivity of the PCPITN index was found to be 68.88%, specificity was 85.94% and the field value under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.6893. For periodontitis, FCPITN index sensitivity was 89.28%, specificity was 96.56% and field value under the ROC curve was 0.931. Conclusion: Although FCPITN and PCPITN indexes have a near moderate value in the diagnosis of gingivitis, they were found to be more effective in the diagnosis of periodontitis. We think that the FCPITN index is particularly effective in the diagnosis of periodontitis. How to cite this article: Tanık A, Gül M. The validity of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) in Epidemiological Studies of Periodontal Diseases. Int Dent Res 2020;10(2):44-48. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no2.3 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Status of Visually Impaired Individuals of a Residential School in Eastern Nepal

Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology ◽

10.3126/jnspoi.v3i2.30882 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 51-53

Author(s):

Dhirendra Kumar Giri ◽

Rajkumar Jha ◽

Tarakant Bhagat

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Visually Impaired ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Residential School ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Community Periodontal Index ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Gingival and periodontal diseases are a matter of serious concern in Nepalese population. These diseases may also be present in visually impaired individuals. So, the scientific fact is necessary to unmask this and the pathogenesis behind it. Objective: To assess the oral hygiene and periodontal status of visually impaired individuals of a residential school in Eastern Nepal. Methods: A study was conducted at Gyanchakchu Vidyalaya in Dharan-15. A total of 130 visually impaired individuals (88 males and 42 females) with the mean age of 6-20 years were included in the study. Information regarding oral hygiene practices was gathered through personal interaction by the interviewers. Oral hygiene status was assessed by using Plaque Index of Silness and Loe (1964) and Gingival Index of Loe and Silness (1963) and to assess the periodontal status, Community Periodontal Index was used. Results: A total of 112 (86.2%) participants, brushed their teeth with the help of toothbrush and toothpaste, 101 (77.7%) of them brushed once a day in morning, 83 (63.8%) of the students used horizontal brushing technique and 90 (69.2%) of the students rinsed their mouth after meal. Periodontal and gingival status of visually impaired individual show that majority 90 (69.2%) had no periodontal pocket and 83 (63.8%) had slight loss of attachment. Conclusion: The oral hygiene status and periodontal status of visually impaired individuals can be improved more through an in-service educational programmes

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Periodontal Health Status and Associated Factors: Findings of a Prenatal Oral Health Program in South Brazil

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2017/3534048 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marta Silveira da Mota Krüger ◽

Renata Picanço Casarin ◽

Letycia Barros Gonçalves ◽

Fernanda Geraldo Pappen ◽

Fernanda Oliveira Bello-Correa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

First Trimester ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

First Trimester Pregnancy ◽

Trimester Pregnancy ◽

Gingival Bleeding ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Community Periodontal Index ◽

Pregnancy Status

Objective.The aims of this study were to evaluate the periodontal health of pregnant women and to investigate the association of periodontal status with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as medical and dental history.Materials and Methods.A total of 311 pregnant women were interviewed to obtain sociodemographic data along with medical and dental histories. Clinical examinations were performed to record the presence of visible plaque, gingival bleeding, and caries activity. The periodontal condition was evaluated by Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) in one tooth of each sextant (16, 11, 26, 36, 31, and 46).Results.After the adjustment analysis, the presence of visible plaque remained the main determinant of gingival bleeding (OR = 2.91, CI = 1.91–4.48). First-trimester pregnancy status was also a predictor, with a lower prevalence of gingival bleeding observed in the second (OR = 0.87, CI = 0.77–0.99) and third (OR = 0.82, CI = 0.73–0.93) trimesters.Conclusion.In pregnant women, the presence of dental plaque and first-trimester pregnancy status were the main implicated factors predicting gingival bleeding.

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Prevalence and severity of periodontal disease among Spanish military personnel

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001419 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001419

Author(s):

Millán Bárcena García ◽

J M Cobo Plana ◽

P I Arcos González

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Military Population ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Gingival Bleeding ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Community Periodontal Index ◽

Representative Random Sample ◽

Life Habits ◽

Military Populations

IntroductionPeriodontal disease ranges from simple gums inflammation to major damage to the periodontal tissues, even losing teeth. Severe periodontitis has a world overall prevalence of 11.2%. These are evaluated with periodontal probes and oral epidemiological indices. Our aim is to estimate the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease of a Spanish military population according to the 2013 WHO criteria.MethodsObservational study of prevalence carried out in a representative random sample of 221 military staff from the Spanish Army base ‘Conde de Gazola’. Prevalence was estimated by calculating the Community Periodontal Index modified, loss of attachment, Plaque Index and Gingival Bleeding Index measured with a third-generation electronic ‘Pa-on’ periodontal probe.ResultsAverages of probing depth, recession and clinical attachment level were 2.17, 0.19 and 2.36 mm. Plaque and gingival bleeding indices were 71% and 40.3%. All subjects bled in some tooth after probing. 3.6% of subjects had no periodontal pockets, 58.8% mild periodontal pockets and 37.1% severe periodontal pockets. All had some loss of attachment, 52% mild loss of attachment and 47.5% severe loss of attachment. Teeth present with and without bleeding were 24.4 (86.5%) and 3.6 (13.1%). 28% of teeth had periodontal pockets and 40.4% loss of attachment. Sextant averages with periodontal pockets and loss of attachment were 2.79 and 3.56.ConclusionsOur plaque and gingival bleeding indices were high and we found a higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease than other Spanish and foreign military populations. This could be related to differences in context, life habits and insufficient dental hygiene.

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Association Between Oral Health and the Medical Costs of Dementia: A Longitudinal Study of Older Japanese

American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® ◽

10.1177/1533317521996142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 153331752199614

Author(s):

Mizuki Saito ◽

Yoshihiro Shimazaki ◽

Toshiya Nonoyama ◽

Kazushi Ohsugi

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Linear Models ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Community Periodontal Index

Objective: Oral health status may be associated with dementia, which in turn results in higher medical costs among older people. Methods: This STUDY enrolled 4,275 older individuals. Generalized linear models were constructed with the medical costs of dementia as the dependent variable, and number of teeth, Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and other factors as independent variables. Results: Individuals with fewer teeth or with poor periodontal condition had significantly higher medical costs ratios for dementia independent of other confounding variables. The adjusted medical costs ratios of dementia were 4.13 (95% CI [confidence interval]; 1.79–9.56) for those with ≤9 teeth compared with those with ≥20 teeth and 3.48 (95% CI; 1.71–7.08) for those with personal CPI code 4 compared with those with personal CPI code 0–2. Conclusions: Oral health status was associated with the medical costs of dementia. Preventing tooth loss and maintaining periodontal health may contribute to controlling dementia costs.

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Partial recording protocols for periodontal disease assessment in epidemiological surveys

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2007000100005 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 33-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Mario Vianna Vettore ◽

Gabriela de Almeida Lamarca ◽

Anna Thereza Thomé Leão ◽

Aubrey Sheiham ◽

Maria do Carmo Leal

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Disease Model ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Disease Assessment ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Epidemiological Surveys ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Community Periodontal Index ◽

Attachment Level

The objective of the present study was to compare the reliability of four partial-mouth protocols for assessing shallow, moderate, and deep sites for periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment levels. Periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level measurements were recorded for 156 subjects (age > 30). The four models of partial-mouth protocols compared were: Model I: all sites per tooth in the random half-mouth protocol randomly selecting one maxillary and mandibular quadrant, Model II: buccal sites in a full-mouth protocol, Model III: buccal sites in the random half-mouth protocol randomly selecting one maxillary and mandibular quadrant, Model IV: all sites per tooth using Community Periodontal Index teeth. In comparison with full mouth examination, Model I did not show significant differences for periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level parameters. Models II and III were different for some periodontal pocket depth means, and Model IV significantly overestimated all clinical parameters related to periodontal disease. Model I appears to be adequate to substitute for the full-mouth examination to assess the prevalence and severity of chronic periodontal disease in adults.

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STATUS PERIODONTAL DAN KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN PADA USIA LANJUT

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.1.2.2013.2619 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Reyna Agnes Nastassia Lumentut ◽

Paulina N. Gunawan ◽

Christy N. Mintjelungan

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Community Sample ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Community Periodontal Index ◽

Physical Abilities

Abstract: Elderly is a phase of declinemind and physical abilities caused by various degenerative diseases, environmental conditions and lifestyles. Changes that occur can lead the elderly to become susceptible to various diseases and one of it in oral is periodontal disease. The purpose of this research is to find out description of periodontal status and treatment need on elderly.This research is a descriptive research of Cross Sectional Study. The research did in the village of Ratatotok Muara with the community sample aged ≥ 55 years as many as 41 responden.Periodontal status examination performed by using an index of the WHO Community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN).Results showed that there was no healty periodontal, 1 person (2,44%) had bleeding on probing, 17 person (41,46%) have calculus, 19 orang (46,34%) had periodontal pocket 4-5 mm and patient with periodontal pocket ≥ 6 mm were 4 person (9,76%). Key words: Elderly, periodontal disease, CPITN. Abstrak: Usia lanjut adalah fase menurunnya kemampuan akal dan fisik akibat berbagai penyakit degeneratif, kondisi lingkungan serta gaya hidup. Perubahan yang terjadi mengakibatkan usia lanjut rentan terhadap berbagai penyakit termasuk penyakit periodontal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran status periodontal dan kebutuhan perawatan periodontal pada usia lanjut. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan Study Cross Sectional.Penelitian dilakukan di desa Ratatotok Muara dengan sampel masyarakat yang berusia ≥ 55 tahun sebanyak 41 orang.Pemeriksaan status periodontal dilakukan dengan menggunakan indeks dari WHO yaitu Community index of periodontal treatment needs (CPITN). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan periodontal sehat, 1 orang (2,44%) yang mengalami perdarahan pada saat probing, 17 orang (41,46%) yang memiliki karang gigi, 19 orang (46,34%) yang mengalami poket periodontal 4-5 mm dan sebanyak 4 orang (9,76%) yang mengalami poket periodontal ≥ 6 mm. Kata kunci : Usia lanjut, penyakit periodontal, CPITN.

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