scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Carbapenem Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in North Lebanon

10.3823/823 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monzer Hamze
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background. Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. Numerous epidemiological studies reported that Lebanon is affected with high levels of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria in North Lebanon during the period 2015-2017. Methods. Carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria were isolated from patients referring to Nini hospital and Youssef hospital center. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed through conventional tools according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedures and the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, respectively. Results. Overall, a total of 290 carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli was predominant and represented 39.3% of all isolates, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.8%), Acinetobacter baumannii (22.8%), Klebsiella spp. (8.6%), Enterobacter spp. (6.6%), Pantoea spp. (1%), and Proteus vulgaris (0.3%). Our findings showed an alarming increase in the prevalence of carbapenem resistant bacteria every year. On the other hand, colistin, tigecycline, amikacin and fosfomycin remain the most effective agents against carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria. Conclusion. This study provided important new laboratory data that could support specialists in infectious diseases in North Lebanon to take the appropriate decision in the treatment of patients at risk for infections with carbapenem resistant Gram negative germs.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolates in post-operative wound infections among patients attending Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnstone Amulioto ◽  
Margaret W. Muturi ◽  
Scholastica Mathenge ◽  
Gideon M. Mutua
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Operative Wound

Abstract Background Surgical site infections accounts for high mortality rates, morbidity and elevated costs of treatment for surgical patients. In recent years, surgical site infections attributed to antibiotic resistant bacteria has been on the rise globally. To effectively formulate a comprehensive treatment protocol for surgical site infection, there is need for knowing the likely causative agents and their antibiograms. In this regard, this study sought to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolates from post-operative wound infections among patients attending Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital.Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between October 2018 and March 2019. The study included patients of all age group with surgical site infections following general, obstetrics and gynecological surgeries. Pus swabs were aseptically obtained from 58 consented patients with clinical evidence of surgical site infections. Gram stain, culture, biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility tests were done for each pus swab. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby bauer disc diffusion method. Data was analysed using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.Results An isolation rate of 94.8% was observed. Staphylococcus aureus 28.2% was the preponderant isolate followed by Escherichia coli 15.4% with Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus accounting for 65.4% (n=17) of the total Staphylococcus species . Chloramphenicol was the most sensitive drug to all the bacteria isolates. Ampicillin and Amoxycillin recorded resistance rates >90% against positive and gram negative bacteria respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae 81.3% and E.coli 74% were the most resistant bacteria.Conclusion Majority of the drugs were resistant to gram negative rods, therefore there is need for continuous monitoring to determine the susceptibility patterns of the most common surgical site infections bacteria isolates which are found in the hospitals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of carbapenem resistant bacterial strains isolated from different clinical samples: study from a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Sitesh Karn ◽  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Sanjeev Neupane ◽  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Shaila Basnyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Background Carbapenems are considered as drugs of choice for the treatment of the infections caused by drug resistant bacteria. However, in the recent years the prevalence of carbapenem resistant gram negative bacteria has increased significantly. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase producing gram negative bacteria among all the clinical isolates.Material and methods A total of 3246 non-repeated, different clinical specimens from patients attending Kathmandu Model Hospital, from July 2013 to January 2014 were cultured and the gram negative bacterial isolates obtained were subjected to identification with the help of colony morphology, Gram’s stain and conventional biochemical tests. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Phenotypic confirmation of carbapenemase and AmpC beta-lactamase production was done by combined disc method.Results 890 samples showed the growth of bacterial pathogens. Out of total 769 gram negative bacteria, 57 were found to be carbapenem resistant. Of which, highest number (47) of the isolates were found to be metallo-β lactamase (MBL) producers. Six bacterial isolates produced both (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase) KPC and MBL, whereas only one isolate was found to be positive for both MBL and AmpC. Three bacterial strains showed carbapenem resistance due to over production of AmpC β-lactamase.Conclusion Among carbapenem resistant gram negative bacteria, MBL was present as the major enzyme responsible for resisting carbapenem antibiotics.

scholarly journals An overview of carbapenem, its resistance and therapeutic options for infections caused by carbapenem resistant bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1454
Author(s):  
Hari P. Nepal ◽  
Rama Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
The World

Carbapenems are beta-lactam drugs that have broadest spectrum of activity. They are commonly used as the drugs of last resort to treat complicated bacterial infections. They bind to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibit cell wall synthesis in bacteria. Important members that are in clinical use include doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, and meropenem. Unlike other members, imipenem is hydrolyzed significantly by renal dehydropeptidase; therefore, it is administered together with an inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase, cilastatin. Carbapenems are usually administered intravenously due to their low oral bioavailability. Most common side effects of these drugs include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, and reactions at the infusion sites. Increasing resistance to these antibiotics is being reported throughout the world and is posing a threat to public health.  Primary mechanisms of carbapenem resistance include expulsion of drug and inactivation of the drug by production of carbapenemases which may not only hydrolyze carbapenem, but also cephalosporin, penicillin, and aztreonam. Resistance especially among Gram negative bacteria is of much concern since there are only limited therapeutic options available for infections caused by carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Commonly used drugs to treat such infections include polymyxins, fosfomycin and tigecycline.

scholarly journals Aerobic bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pus isolates from tertiary care hospital in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 842-848
Author(s):  
Sukanya Sudhaharan ◽  
Padmaja Kanne ◽  
Padmasri Chavali ◽  
Lakshmi Vemu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns

Introduction: Pyogenic infections are an important cause of sepsis. These infections are difficult to treat because of the pathogens with increasing antibiotic resistance. It is important to know the pathogens causing the infections and its antibiotic susceptibility for proper management of the patients. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of 1428 culture positive pus and tissue samples received in the department of microbiology from various departments in the hospital between January 2012 to 2017 was performed. Data regarding the pathogen isolated and its antimicrobial susceptibility were collected and analyzed. The specimens were primarily processed, as per standard methods. Identification and susceptibility testing was done using the Vitek-2C system. Results: Among the samples males outnumbered females (M: F-2.5:1) and the median age was 47 years. The total number of patients were 1428 with total number of isolates being 1525 as in our study monomicrobial infections were seen in 93.2% (1331/1428) patients whereas combined infections with growth of two pathogens in 6.8% (97/1428). Gram-negative bacilli were isolated in 68.3% (1042/1525). Among the Gram-negative bacilli Escherichia coli was the major pathogen isolated (38.6%, 403/1042). Gram positive organisms were isolated in 31.6% (483/1525) of cases and Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism isolated (91.7%, 443/483). Rare pathogens like Burkholderia pseudomallei in 3 patients and Nocardia in one patient were also isolated. Conclusion: This study emphasizes to understand the common organisms isolated from wound infections and it helps in empirical treatment of patients based on antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing urinary tract infections in Youssef Hospital Center: first report from Akkar governorate, North of Lebanon

10.3823/0802 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monzer Hamze ◽  
Marwan Osman ◽  
Hassan Mallat ◽  
Elie Bou Raad
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Hospital Center

Background. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common infection feature worldwide.   Infected patients are usually treated empirically treated without culture or antibiotics susceptibility testing, and which may lead to increase antibiotic resistance level. This study aims to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of common uropathogenic bacteria isolated at Youssef Hospital Center, Akkar governorate, North of Lebanon. Methods. Spot midstream of urine samples from 9662 patients with UTI symptoms who came for medical investigation to Youssef Hospital Center located in Akkar governorate.  Urine specimens were collected in sterile plastic bottles. Culture, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using conventional tools according to the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Results.  A total of 1009 bacterial uropathogens were isolated. Escherichia coli was most presented (72.5%) of all isolates, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.2%), Enterococcus spp. (5.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.5%), Proteus spp. (3%), Enterobacter spp. (2%), Staphylococcus aureus (2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (1.6%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (0.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii(0.2%) and Providencia rettgeri (0.1%). Moreover, the mean antibiotic resistance rates of isolates was relatively high, but comparable to previously published data in Lebanon. Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation reporting epidemiological data regarding the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial uropathogens isolated from patients in the Akkar governorate. Our data indicated the urgent need of a strategic plan to tackle antibiotic resistance, particularly in deprived regions with poor healthcare centers.   Keywords: Uropathogens, Epidemiology, Antibiotic susceptibility, Risk factors, Akkargovernorate, North Lebanon.

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bloodstream Salmonella Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Afroz ◽  
Md. Manjur Hossain ◽  
Md. Fakruddin ◽  
Md. Afzal Hossain ◽  
Zahed Uddin Mahmood Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

scholarly journals In vivo studies on antibiotic combination for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e100055
Author(s):  
Elda Righi ◽  
Luigia Scudeller ◽  
Margherita Chiamenti ◽  
Kamilia Abdelraouf ◽  
Thomas Lodise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antibiotic Combination

ObjectiveThere is poor evidence to determine the superiority of combination regimens versus monotherapy against infections due to carbapenem-resistant (CR) Gram-negative bacteria. In vivo models can simulate the pathophysiology of infections in humans and assess antibiotic efficacy. We aim to investigate in vivo effects of antibiotic combination on mortality and disease burden for infections due to CR Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae and provide an unbiased overview of existing knowledge. The results of the study can help prioritising future research on the most promising therapies against CR bacteria.Methods and analysisThis protocol was formulated using the Systematic Review Protocol for Animal Intervention Studies (SYRCLE) Checklist. Publications will be collected from PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science. Quality checklists adapted by Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool will be used. If the meta-analysis seems feasible, the ES and the 95% CI will be analysed. The heterogeneity between studies will be assessed by I2 test. Subgroup meta-analysis will be performed when possible to assess the impact of the studies on efficacy of the treatments. Funnel plotting will be used to evaluate the risk of publication bias.DisseminationThis systematic review and meta-analysis is part of a wider research collaboration project, the COmbination tHErapy to treat sepsis due to carbapenem-Resistant bacteria in adult and paediatric population: EvideNCE and common practice (COHERENCE) study that includes also the analyses of in vitro and human studies. Data will be presented at international conferences and the results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019128104(available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019128104).

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