scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolates in post-operative wound infections among patients attending Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnstone Amulioto ◽  
Margaret W. Muturi ◽  
Scholastica Mathenge ◽  
Gideon M. Mutua
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Operative Wound

Abstract Background Surgical site infections accounts for high mortality rates, morbidity and elevated costs of treatment for surgical patients. In recent years, surgical site infections attributed to antibiotic resistant bacteria has been on the rise globally. To effectively formulate a comprehensive treatment protocol for surgical site infection, there is need for knowing the likely causative agents and their antibiograms. In this regard, this study sought to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolates from post-operative wound infections among patients attending Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital.Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between October 2018 and March 2019. The study included patients of all age group with surgical site infections following general, obstetrics and gynecological surgeries. Pus swabs were aseptically obtained from 58 consented patients with clinical evidence of surgical site infections. Gram stain, culture, biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility tests were done for each pus swab. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby bauer disc diffusion method. Data was analysed using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.Results An isolation rate of 94.8% was observed. Staphylococcus aureus 28.2% was the preponderant isolate followed by Escherichia coli 15.4% with Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus accounting for 65.4% (n=17) of the total Staphylococcus species . Chloramphenicol was the most sensitive drug to all the bacteria isolates. Ampicillin and Amoxycillin recorded resistance rates >90% against positive and gram negative bacteria respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae 81.3% and E.coli 74% were the most resistant bacteria.Conclusion Majority of the drugs were resistant to gram negative rods, therefore there is need for continuous monitoring to determine the susceptibility patterns of the most common surgical site infections bacteria isolates which are found in the hospitals.

scholarly journals Frequency and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens in male outpatients in Argentina

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo E Villar ◽  
Mónica B Jugo ◽  
Alejandro Macan ◽  
Matias Visser ◽  
Mariana Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Introduction: Knowledge of the etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens is important for determining the best treatment option. This study aimed to determine the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial strains isolated from adult male outpatients. Methodology: Between November 2012 and April 2013, 3,105 community urine samples were analyzed from adult male patients who attended the Laboratorio Hidalgo, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporin were tested for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production using the double-disk synergy test. Results: Of the 3,105 urine samples analyzed, 791 (25.5%) had significant bacteriuria. The frequency of positive urine cultures increased significantly with patient age. Escherichia coli was isolated most frequently (47.3%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (13.6%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.9%). Gram-negative organisms represented 78.8% of urinary pathogens. The highest activities against Gram-negative bacteria were found with imipenem (99.0%), amikacin (98.1%), ertapenem (94.2%), fosfomycin (90.7%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (90.1%). The frequencies of ESBLs among E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis were 15.2 %, 22.3%, and 8%, respectively. Fosfomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and nitrofurantoin were most effective against Gram-positive organisms. Conclusions: Fosfomycin may be an excellent option for cystitis treatment in patients without risk factors, whereas piperacillin-tazobactam is preferred for the treatment of parenchymatous UTIs, complicated UTIs, and UTIs associated with risk factors. To ensure the optimal selection of antibiotics, physicians should have access to up-to-date information about the local prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Carbapenem Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in North Lebanon

10.3823/823 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monzer Hamze
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background. Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. Numerous epidemiological studies reported that Lebanon is affected with high levels of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria in North Lebanon during the period 2015-2017. Methods. Carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria were isolated from patients referring to Nini hospital and Youssef hospital center. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed through conventional tools according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedures and the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, respectively. Results. Overall, a total of 290 carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli was predominant and represented 39.3% of all isolates, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.8%), Acinetobacter baumannii (22.8%), Klebsiella spp. (8.6%), Enterobacter spp. (6.6%), Pantoea spp. (1%), and Proteus vulgaris (0.3%). Our findings showed an alarming increase in the prevalence of carbapenem resistant bacteria every year. On the other hand, colistin, tigecycline, amikacin and fosfomycin remain the most effective agents against carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria. Conclusion. This study provided important new laboratory data that could support specialists in infectious diseases in North Lebanon to take the appropriate decision in the treatment of patients at risk for infections with carbapenem resistant Gram negative germs.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in the community: a survey from central Italy

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ZANELLI ◽  
A. SANSONI ◽  
A. ZANCHI ◽  
S. CRESTI ◽  
S. POLLINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Recently, concern has increased regarding the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community. We studied 812 subjects from central Italy to establish the rates of nasal carriage of S. aureus, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns, in the community. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was 30.5%. Only one subject, with predisposing risk factors for acquisition, was identified as carrier of MRSA (prevalence of 0.12%). The presence of MRSA in the community of our area still appears to be a rare event. Among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, a surprisingly high rate (18%) of resistance to rifampin was observed.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Study of Otitis Media and Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabina Basnet ◽  
Sudarshan Sharma ◽  
Jid Chani Rana ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Otitis Media is a prevailing and notorious infection in developing countries causing serious local damage and threating complication. Mainly in developing countries like Nepal, Otitis Media results because of illiteracy, poverty and poor hygiene. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of Otitis Media, its causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods: The study included 263 pus samples from 240 patients attending ENT department of Bharatpur hospital from May 2015 to January 2016. Samples were processed in microbiology department for bacteria using standard operating protocol. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for all bacterial isolates by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and the results were interpreted according to clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guideline.Results: Out of 240 patients, 121 were female and 119 were male. Highest incidence of Otitis Media was observed in 1-10 year age group. Out of 263 samples taken from 240 patients, 216 showed bacterial growth. Gram negative bacteria predominated and the most common bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus 36.11% followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 33.33% and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci 8.08%. All bacterial isolates were sensitive to gentamycin. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Amikacin and gentamycin. All gram negative bacterial isolates were sensitive to Imipenem and gentamycin. 100% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to Imipenem.Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant organism isolated from the pus swab followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and all the isolated organisms were sensitive to Gentamycin.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Pus/Wound Swab Samples from Children Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salu Rai ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Jaya Krishna Yakha ◽  
Prem Prasad Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wound Swab ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

In Nepal, little is known about the microbiological profile of wound infections in children and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Total of 450 pus/wound swab samples collected were cultured using standard microbiological techniques and the colonies grown were identified with the help of biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates were detected by using cefoxitin disc and confirmed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of oxacillin. 264 (59%) samples were culture positive. The highest incidence of bacterial infections was noted in the age group of less than 1 year (76%). Out of 264 growth positive samples, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 162 (61%) samples and Gram-negative bacteria were found in 102 (39%) samples.Staphylococcus aureus(99%) was the predominant Gram-positive bacteria isolated andPseudomonas aeruginosa(44%) was predominant Gram-negative bacteria. About 19% ofS. aureusisolates were found to be methicillin-resistant MIC of oxacillin ranging from 4 μg/mL to 128 μg/mL. Among the children of Nepal, those of age less than 1 year were at higher risk of wound infections by bacteria.Staphylococcus aureusfollowed byPseudomonas aeruginosawere the most common bacteria causing wound infections in children.

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